scholarly journals Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Olea europaea Extract on Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadat Mahdavi ◽  
Parham Mardi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Mahdavi ◽  
Mohammad Kamalinejad ◽  
Seyed Ali Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Small Intestinal Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crypt Hyperplasia

Background. Olea europaea (known as olive fruit) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and many potential health benefits including gastric inflammation reduction has been shown previously. This study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of O. europaea extract on the early histological changes in indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury model with the plasma D-lactate concentration being measured as a tool for determination of intestinal permeability. Methods. In this experimental study, two separate protective and therapeutic protocols were designed. In both experiments, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and either pretreated with 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day of O. europaea extract or received the treatment after administration of indomethacin. Their small intestines were examined to compare the histological changes. The intestinal injury severity was evaluated according to the presence of eosinophils, plasma cell infiltration, edema, congestion, and hyperplasia of the crypt using a histological scoring system. Also, measured were the presence of neutrophils, decreased villus length-to-crypt depth ratio, and destructed villus architecture. The plasma concentration of D-lactate was measured as well. Results. The therapeutic use of O. europaea decreased the eosinophil, edema, congestion, and crypt hyperplasia scores compared to the control group. Although no significant difference was seen between groups of the preventive experiment in plasma cell infiltration score, villus length-to-crypt depth ratio, neutrophil infiltration, and percentage of destructed villus architecture, treatment with O. europaea caused a reduction in edema, eosinophil, congestion, and crypt hyperplasia score. In both experiments, no significant difference was seen between groups for villus length-to-crypt depth ratio, neutrophil infiltration, and percentage of destructed villus architecture. Plasma D-lactate concentration was decreased in all O. europaea-treated groups compared to the control group in the therapeutic and preventive experiments ( p < 0.01 , one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett test). Conclusion. O. europaea extract can be used to decrease some side effects of indomethacin on intestinal tissue and enhances the gastrointestinal function. O. europaea extract could be considered as a potential herbal supplement in the treatment of intestinal morphological injuries.

scholarly journals Intestinal morphograhy of broilers fed diets supplemented with perlite

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GHIASI GHALEHKANDI ◽  
S. HASSANPOUR ◽  
Y. EBRAHIMNEHZAD ◽  
R. BEHESHTI ◽  
N. MAHERI-SIS
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
Different Levels

Aim of the study was to investigate effects of different levels of perlite on intestinal morphometry in broilers (Ross 308). A hundred and eighty broiler cockerels were randomly allocated into three experimental groups (3 replications and 20 broilers per pen) and fed experimental diets supplemented with different levels of perlite (0%, 2%, 4%). At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the study, 2 broilers were randomly selected from  each replication, slaughtered and various sections of small intestine (1, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of small intestine length) sampled for morphometry characteristics. Villi height, crypts depth and villus height / crypt depth ratio were measured microscopically. According to the results, a significant difference was observed on small intestine morphology post-perlite supplementation in experimental groups compared to control group. Supplementation of diet with perlite (2%) significantly increased average villi height in various sections of small intestine (1, 70 and 90%) in experimental birds on days 28 and 35 (P < 0.05). In addition, similar findings were observed after addition of perlite (4%) on villi height on day 42 (P <0.05). Furthermore, on day 28, average villi height and depth of liberkuhn crypts in small intestine (10%) differed significantly in cockerels fed diets containing 2% perlite in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementation of perlite in broilers’ diet can improve intestinal morphometry.

Effects of infliximab against carbon tetrachloride-induced intestinal injury via lipid peroxidation and apoptosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282
Author(s):  
A Pergel ◽  
L Tümkaya ◽  
MK Çolakoğlu ◽  
G Demiral ◽  
S Kalcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Other Hand

Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) is often employed in the production of chlorofluorocarbons, petroleum refining, oil and rubber processing, and laboratory applications. Oral, subcutaneous, and inhalation exposure to CCL4 in animal studies have been shown to be capable of leading to various types of cancer (benign and malignant, liver, breast, and adrenal gland tumors). The present study also evaluated the protective role of infliximab (INF) against the deleterious effects of CCL4 on the intestinal system. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups, control ( n = 8), CCL4 ( n = 8), and CCL4 + INF ( n = 8). The control group received 1 mL isotonic saline solution only via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The CCL4 group received a single i.p. dose of 2 mL/kg CCL4. The CCL4 + INF group received a single i.p. dose of 7 mg/kg INF followed 24 h later by a single dose of 2 mL/kg CCL4. All rats were euthanized 2 days following drug administration. CCL4 group samples also exhibited diffuse loss of enterocytes, vascular congestion, neutrophil infiltration, an extension of the subepithelial space and significant epithelial lifting along the length of the villi with a few denuded villous tips. In addition, CCL4 treatment increased intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) level and caspase-3 positivity. On the other hand, INF decreased MDA levels, caspase-3 positivity, and loss of villous. Our findings suggest that CCL4 appears to exert a highly deleterious effect on the intestinal mucosa. On the other hand, INF is effective in preventing this CCL4-induced intestinal injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

scholarly journals La privación de sueño no afecta la resistencia aeróbica ni la concentración de lactato en sangre de jóvenes deportistas (Sleep deprivation does not affect aerobic resistance or blood lactate concentration of young athletes)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Aburto Corona ◽  
Tatiana Miranda Núñez ◽  
Alicia Bárcenas Ugalde ◽  
Roberto Espinoza Gutiérrez ◽  
Emilio Manuel Arrayales Millán
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Significant Difference

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la resistencia aeróbica y la concentración de lactato en sangre, pueden ser influenciados por la privación parcial o total del sueño en un grupo de deportistas. Se reclutaron 13 deportistas masculinos (21.8 ± 2.9 años de edad) los cuales fueron sometidos a tres condiciones experimentales: dormir cuatro horas (D4H), no dormir (0H) y una condición contol de dormir ocho horas (D8H). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la resistencia aeróbica (p=.845). De la misma manera, no se halló diferencia significativa en la concentración de lactato en sangre (p>.05). Estos resultados señalan que la privación parcial (dormir cuatro horas) o total (no dormir) del sueño, previo a una prueba física, no es un factor que influya en el rendimiento aeróbico ni en la concentración de lactato en sangre en comparación a la cantidad de horas de sueño recomendadas (dormir ocho horas).Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determinate if aerobic performance and blood lactate concentration are influenced by partial or total sleep deprivation. Thirteen male athletes (age: 21.8 ± 2.9 y.o) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: sleep four hours (D4H), no sleep (0H), and sleep eigth hours (D8H, control group). No significant difference was found in the aerobic performance (p=.845). Similarly, there was no sifnificant difference in blood lactate concentration (p>.05). This results suggest that partial (sleep four hours) or total (no sleep) sleep deprivation before a physical test are not a factor influencing aerobic performance or blood lactate concentration compared to the amount of recommended hours of sleep (sleep eight hours).

Caffeine Improves Hormonal and Lactate Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
Luiz A. da Silva ◽  
Jéssica Wouk ◽  
Vinícius M.R. Weber ◽  
Pablo de Almeida ◽  
Julio C.L. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactate Minimum

Introduction: Lactate Minimum Test (LMT) identifies a sustainable exercise intensity, in which an equilibrium is observed between production and clearance of blood lactate and the hormone influence during this physiological moment. Objective: The present study aimed to identify the levels of LM and hormones after caffeine consumption and exercise Stress Test (ST) in diabetic rats. Methods: This study was composed of 24 animals, of 60 days, allocated into four groups: Control, Diabetic, Caffeine, and Diabetes+Caffeine. The Diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 120 mg/kg of alloxan. On the test day, 6 mg/kg of caffeine were administrated 30 minutes before the exercise Stress Test (ST) protocol. During the ST animals underwent a Stress Test (ST), in which they performed forced swimming (until exhaustion) tie to loads of 13% Body’s Weight (BW). The incremental phase of LM began with an initial load of 4% Body’s Weight (BW) and increased 0.5% every 5 min. Lactate concentration was measured 5, 7 and 9 min (mmol/L) after ST. The Incremental Progressive Test (IPT) involved swimming with loads of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0% of BW, for 5min with each. Blood samples were collected by a caudal puncture to subsequent lactate and hormone assay. Results: Performance time and lactate concentration of hyperlactatemia test, as well as Lactate Minimum (LM) and Lactate (LAC) concentration after the progressive test presented a significant difference when comparing the levels of the control group with caffeine and diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that caffeine improves lactate clearance and hormonal steady state condition of diabetic animals after hyperlactacidemia and physical exercise maintenance.

scholarly journals Gene expression analysis in NSAID-induced rat small intestinal disease model with the intervention of berberine by the liquid chip technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanqun Chao ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Fangxu Ye ◽  
Shuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Small Intestinal Injury ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Histology Score

Abstract Objective Investigate the effect and mechanism of berberine on the small intestinal mucosa of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) related small intestinal injury. Materials and methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and intervention group. The model group and intervention group were treated with diclofenac (7.5 mg/kg·d, 2/d), a total of 4 days tube feeding, and the intervention group was treated with 50 mg/kg·d intragastric administration of berberine after 2 days. The control group was treated with 7.5 mg/kg·d, 2/d 0.9% saline tube feeding. Then we screened differential expression of colonic mucosal gene by the liquid chip technology. Results Compared with the control group, macroscopic and histology score of the model group increased significantly (P < 0.05), HTR4, HTR1a, F2RL3, CALCA, NPY, CRHR2, IL1b, P2RX3, TPH1, HMOX1, TRPV1, VIP, F2RL1, SLC6A4, TFF2, AQP8 content were significantly increased (P < 0.05), NOS1 content decreased significantly (P < 0.05); Compared with the model group, macroscopic and histology score of the intervention group improved significantly (P < 0.05), and HTR4, F2RL3, NPY, CRHR2, IL1b, VIP, AQP8 content were significantly lower (P < 0.05), NOS1 content increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion Berberine has a protective effect on NSAID-associated small intestinal injury, the mechanism may be that berberine decreases the expression of intestinal mucosa HTR4, F2RL3, NPY, CRHR2, IL1b, VIP, AQP8, and increases the expression of NOS1, that to reduce intestinal permeability and protect intestinal mucosal barrier.

scholarly journals PSVI-32 Comparison on effect of antibiotic supplementation between fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers and Arbor Acres broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
tian sha
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antibiotic Group

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to find out the regular pattern and difference of intestinal development between Arbor Acres broilers and yellow-feathered broilers in different periods. A total of 240 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers and Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 4 groups for each group consisting of 6 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The two control groups were fed corn-soybean-based diets, and the two antibiotic groups were fed the based diets with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline. The experimental period lasted for 42d. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the control group, the addition of antibiotics significantly increased the FBW and ADG of broilers, but had no significant effect on F/G. And there were no interaction between breeds and antibiotics. 2) At 21 days, there were no significant difference in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and cecum among all groups. At 42 days, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum of Arbor Acres broilers was significantly lower than that of yellow-feathered broilers, while that in cecum was significantly higher than that of yellow-feather broilers. The effects of antibiotics were not significant, and there were no interaction between breeds and antibiotics. 3) There were no significant difference in the antioxidant index of jejunum between the two breeds. Compared with the control group, the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the antibiotic group were significantly increased, so does the total antioxidant capacity. And there were no interaction between breeds and antibiotics. However, the activity of catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in cecum had interaction between breeds and antibiotics. In conclusion, the intestinal development of different breeds of broilers was different, and the time and location of antibiotic action were also different. In actual production, antibiotics should be used scientifically and rationally.

scholarly journals The Effect of DA-6034 on Intestinal Permeability in an Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model

Gut and Liver ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Shin Kwak ◽  
Oh Young Lee ◽  
Kang Nyeong Lee ◽  
Dae Won Jun ◽  
Hang Lak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Small Intestinal Injury ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulate Bladder Cancer Invasion and Metabolic Phenotypes through Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dahai Dong ◽  
Yu Yao ◽  
Jinlei Song ◽  
Lijiang Sun ◽  
Guiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
T24 Cells ◽  
Significant Difference

Recently, both cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and autophagy have been proven to play an important role in tumor development, including bladder cancer (BCa). However, the real mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we reconstruct a mimic tumor microenvironment to explore the interaction between CAFs and the BCa cell line T24 using a coculture system. Autophagy in CAFs was induced or inhibited by rapamycin or siRNA, respectively. After coculture with CAFs, T24 cell proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis were tested in vitro. Rapamycin induced and siAtg5 inhibited autophagy in CAFs. Enhanced autophagy in CAFs promoted cell proliferation and invasion in T24 cells in vitro, while there was no significant difference between the autophagy-inhibited group and the controls. Lactate concentration was elevated in both rapamycin-treated and siAtg5-treated groups compared with the control group. In addition, the expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, HK2, SLC2A1, and MMP-9 were all increased in T24 cells in the autophagy-enhanced group. Our results indicated that CAFs could regulate BCa invasion and metabolic phenotypes through autophagy, providing us with new alternative treatments for BCa in the future.

Dimethylglycine supplementation in horses performing incremental treadmill exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
K. de Oliveira ◽  
D.F. Fachiolli ◽  
M.J. Watanabe ◽  
D. Tsuzukibashi ◽  
C.M.M. Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Exercise

Our objective was to verify the effect of the period of dimethylglycine (DMG) supplementation in horses subjected to incremental treadmill exercise, on the metabolic and physiologic variables and indices related to physical performance. Four adult Arabian horses with a mean age of 8±1.5 years and a mean body weight of 340±10.8 kg were used. The utilised experimental design was the 4×4 Latin square, constituted by four periods of four weeks of evaluation, intercalated with four weeks of wash-out periods. The treatments consisted of periods of DMG (30 g of commercial product) administration: without supplementation, and with supplementation for 10, 20 and 30 days. There was a significant effect of the DMG supplementation given during 30 days over the reduction in the lactate concentration after the test exercise. Alterations of V200 (speed in which the horse reaches 200 heart beats/min) and VL4 (speed which corresponds to a blood lactate of 4 mmol/l) were not observed (P>0.05), however there was a travelled distance elevation in the tests in function of the increase on the days of supplementation, by linear regression (P<0.05) analysis. It was verified that there was no effect from the DMG supplementation in horses on the heart rate and there was only a significant difference between treatments for the rectal temperature after exercise, where the supplementation for 30 days resulted in values statistically superior to the control group. Therefore, we can conclude that the equine supplementation with a DMG product in the dosage of 30 g/day for a one-month period affects the lactate metabolisms, as well as increases the travelled distance during an incremental treadmill test.

Levels of Prothrombin Fragment F1+2 in Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia and a History of Venous Thromboembolism

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Andreas Stümpflen ◽  
Mirko Hirschl ◽  
Christine Bialonczyk ◽  
Kurt Herkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prothrombin Fragment ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
System Activation ◽  
One Year

SummaryIncreased thrombin generation occurs in many individuals with inherited defects in the antithrombin or protein C anticoagulant pathways and is also seen in patients with thrombosis without a defined clotting abnormality. Hyperhomocysteinemia (H-HC) is an important risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We prospectively followed 48 patients with H-HC (median age 62 years, range 26-83; 18 males) and 183 patients (median age 50 years, range 18-85; 83 males) without H-HC for a period of up to one year. Prothrombin fragment Fl+2 (Fl+2) was determined in the patient’s plasma as a measure of thrombin generation during and at several time points after discontinuation of secondary thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants. While on anticoagulants, patients with H-HC had significantly higher Fl+2 levels than patients without H-HC (mean 0.52 ± 0.49 nmol/1, median 0.4, range 0.2-2.8, versus 0.36 ± 0.2 nmol/1, median 0.3, range 0.1-2.1; p = 0.02). Three weeks and 3,6,9 and 12 months after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants, up to 20% of the patients with H-HC and 5 to 6% without H-HC had higher Fl+2 levels than a corresponding age- and sex-matched control group. 16% of the patients with H-HC and 4% of the patients without H-HC had either Fl+2 levels above the upper limit of normal controls at least at 2 occasions or (an) elevated Fl+2 level(s) followed by recurrent VTE. No statistical significant difference in the Fl+2 levels was seen between patients with and without H-HC. We conclude that a permanent hemostatic system activation is detectable in a proportion of patients with H-HC after discontinuation of oral anticoagulant therapy following VTE. Furthermore, secondary thromboprophylaxis with conventional doses of oral anticoagulants may not be sufficient to suppress hemostatic system activation in patients with H-HC.

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