Dimethylglycine supplementation in horses performing incremental treadmill exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
K. de Oliveira ◽  
D.F. Fachiolli ◽  
M.J. Watanabe ◽  
D. Tsuzukibashi ◽  
C.M.M. Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Exercise

Our objective was to verify the effect of the period of dimethylglycine (DMG) supplementation in horses subjected to incremental treadmill exercise, on the metabolic and physiologic variables and indices related to physical performance. Four adult Arabian horses with a mean age of 8±1.5 years and a mean body weight of 340±10.8 kg were used. The utilised experimental design was the 4×4 Latin square, constituted by four periods of four weeks of evaluation, intercalated with four weeks of wash-out periods. The treatments consisted of periods of DMG (30 g of commercial product) administration: without supplementation, and with supplementation for 10, 20 and 30 days. There was a significant effect of the DMG supplementation given during 30 days over the reduction in the lactate concentration after the test exercise. Alterations of V200 (speed in which the horse reaches 200 heart beats/min) and VL4 (speed which corresponds to a blood lactate of 4 mmol/l) were not observed (P>0.05), however there was a travelled distance elevation in the tests in function of the increase on the days of supplementation, by linear regression (P<0.05) analysis. It was verified that there was no effect from the DMG supplementation in horses on the heart rate and there was only a significant difference between treatments for the rectal temperature after exercise, where the supplementation for 30 days resulted in values statistically superior to the control group. Therefore, we can conclude that the equine supplementation with a DMG product in the dosage of 30 g/day for a one-month period affects the lactate metabolisms, as well as increases the travelled distance during an incremental treadmill test.

scholarly journals Olahraga Kardio dan Tabata: Rekomendasi Untuk Menurunkan Lemak Tubuh Dan Berat Badan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Taufikkurrachman Taufikkurrachman ◽  
Amy Nilam Wardathi ◽  
Afifi Rusdiawan ◽  
Reno Siska Sari ◽  
Buyung Kusumawardhana
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of body weight and body fat after cardio and tabata exercises. The research design used was randomized group pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects of PJKR student IKIP Budi Utomo Malang are male, aged 18-22 years with overweight / obese BMI. 27 people were randomly divided into 3 groups, the control group (K1), the cardio group (K2) and the tabata group (K3). The treatment was given 3 times a week for 6 weeks. K1 group only did the test without treatment. K2 was given jogging and skipping exercises for 40 minutes with moderate intensity (55-70% maximum heart rate). K3 was given squat trust and skipping exercises for 20 seconds of exercise and 10 seconds of rest for 8 sets with an intensity of 90-95% maximum heart rate. The exercise is carried out for 20 minutes with 1-minute intervals per set. The results of the LSD test for weight variables showed a significant difference between the K1 and K2 groups (p = 0.001), K1 and K3 (p = 0.000), K2 and K3 (p = 0.038). For the fat variable, there was also a significant difference between the K1 and K2 groups (p = 0.000), K1 and K3 (p = 0.000), K2 and K3 (p = 0.037). The conclusion is that tabata training is better than cardio training in reducing weight and fat.Keywords: Cardio, tabata, fat, body weight, exerciseAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi berat badan dan lemak tubuh setelah melakukan latihan kardio dan tabata. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Randomized group pre test and post test design. Subyek penelitian ini mahasiswa PJKR Ikip Budi Utomo Malang yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki, usia 18-22 tahun dengan IMT overweight/ obesitas. 27 orang coba dibagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok, kelompok kontrol (K1), kelompok kardio (K2) dan kelompok tabata (K3). Perlakuan diberikan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu.. kelompok K1 hanya melakukan test tanpa perlakuan. K2 diberikan latihan jogging dan skipping selama 40 menit dengan intensitas sedang (55-70% DN maks). K3 diberikan latihan squat trust dan skipping selama 20 detik latihan dan 10 detik istirahat sebanyak 8 set dengan intensitas 90-95% DN maks. Latihan dilakukan selama 20 menit dengan interval 1 menit tiap set. Hasil uji LSD variable berat badan menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan kelompok K1 dan K2 (p=0,001), K1 dan K3 (p= 0,000), K2 dan K3 (p= 0,038). Untuk variable lemak juga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok K1 dan K2 (p= 0,000), K1 dan K3 (p=0,000), K2 dan K3 (p=0,037). Kesimpulannya adalah latihan tabata lebih baik daripada latihan kardio dalam menurunkan berat badan dan lemak. Kata Kunci: Kardio, tabata, lemak, berat badan, Latihan

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

scholarly journals Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽  
Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽  
Alice Calone ◽  
Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽  
Carla Bartuscheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheela ◽  
R Vijayaraghavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of employing the enrichment activities of mental thinking on the development of thinking and mathematical achievement among the students of the second cycle Education has been essential: فاعلية توظيف الأنشطة الإثرائية للتفكير الذهني في تنمية التفكير والتحصيل الرياضي لدى طلاب الحلقة الثانية من التعليم الأساسي

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Ahmed Saif Al-rashdi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Cognitive Achievement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

    The present study aimed at uncovering the effectiveness of employing the enrichment activities for mental thinking on the development of mathematical thinking and achievement among Grade 7 students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the semi experimental design known as the design of the control group with the tribal and remote tests. In light of the experimental design, the average Grade 7 students tested the sample of the study in the second semester of 30 students who were divided into 15 students for the experimental group and 15 students for the control group after checking the validity and stability of the tools. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the cognitive achievement test related to the unit of Engineering in the second semester and the mathematical thinking test for the average of the experimental group. The results also showed a statistically significant difference) between the average scores of the experimental group students in the tribal and remote applications in the cognitive achievement test and the mathematical thinking test, and in favor of the average post-implementation. In the light of these results, the study presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.   ، ، ، ،

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF VO2max CONSUMPTION IN ELITE BULGARIAN TAEKWONDO COMPETITORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2021) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Dimitar Avramov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
National Team ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this study was to determine aerobic fitness through the VO2max treadmill test of elite Bulgarian taekwondo players with international results, and to determine whether the aerobic system had an effect upon the sports result in taekwondo. Fourteen elite taekwondo athletes, members of the Bulgarian national team (8 male and 6 female) were tested using a continuous progressive treadmill test. Physiological characteristics such as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max), blood lactate and heart rate were measured. The male athletes recorded 58.2±3.4 ml kg–1 min–1 and the female 46.0±2.8 ml kg–1 min–1. The lactate level reached its highest at the 6’ after the VO2max with results for the males of 11.5±3.7 (mmol l-1) and 9.9±4.1 (mmol l-1) for the females respectively. A comparison between our results, regarding VO2max and previously reported was made using the One-way Anova for independent samples. It showed no significant difference between the male subjects (58.2±3.4 versus 60.7±3.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p>.05) and significant difference between the female ones (46.0±2.8 versus 49.8±2.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p<.05). Investigated also was the number of kicks executed by the winner of -49 kg weight category and her direct opponents during the 2019 Grand Prix Sofia. It was discovered that the winner kicked an average of 86.25 times per match and her kicks during the Grand Prix Sofia accumulated to 390 in total. It is our conclusion that the aerobic fitness does not play a significant role in taekwondo.

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Yendubé T. Kantati ◽  
Tchin Darré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN DAYA BUNUH TERHADAP NYAMUK Anopheles Spp DIBEDAKAN MENURUT LAMA PAPARAN DAN JENIS INSEKTISIDA TAHUN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Ratih Kesuma Dewi ◽  
Aris Santjaka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia. Upaya pemberantasan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu menekan densitas vektor dengan penyemprotan atau dengan kelambu berinsektisida. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama paparan dan merk insektisida terhadap kematian nyamuk Anopheles Spp. Jenis penelitian yang dipilih eksperimen dengan kualifikasi true experimental design dengan desain penelitian the posttest-only control group design. Uji statistik menggunakan Block Anova kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD (Least Significant Difference). Hasil penelitian rata-rata kematian nyamuk pada merk insektisida B, H, V dan kontrol secara berturut-turut yaitu 19, 19.5, 18.75 dan 15. Rata-rata kematian nyamuk pada lama paparan 30’, 60’, 120’ dan 3600’ secara berturut-turut yaitu 2.75, 19.5, 20 dan 20. Hasil signifikasi menunjukan nilai 0,043 α (0,05) untuk lama paparan sehingga Ho ditolak artinya ada perbedaan ketahanan nyamuk, berdasarkan lama paparan yang berbeda dan nilai 0,308 α (0,05) untuk merk insektisida sehingga Ho diterima artinya tidak ada perbedaan merk insektisida dalam membunuh nyamuk Anopheles Spp. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan suhu dan kelembaban nyaman untuk nyamuk. Ada perbedaan lama paparan yaitu antara lama paparan 30’, 60’, 120’ dan 3600’ dan tidak ada perbedaan kemampuan merk insektisida dalam membunuh nyamuk Anopheles Spp. Sehingga kemampuan tertinggi daya bunuh nyamuk pada paparan 60 menit.   

scholarly journals Anesthetic Effect of Compound Artevacaine Hydrochloride in Patients Undergoing Oral Implantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Chengxi Chi ◽  
Mengmeng Zhao ◽  
Jiajing He ◽  
Yanli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Anesthetic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Implant

Objective: To investigate and analyze the anesthetic effect of compound artevacaine hydrochloride in patients undergoing oral implantation. Methods: In this study, 60 patients receiving oral implant surgery in our hospital were selected as the research subjects, and the operation time was from July 2019 to March 2021. Patients were randomly selected and divided into groups for the study. 30 patients receiving lidocaine hydrochloride anesthesia were used as the control group, and 30 patients receiving compound artevacaine hydrochloride anesthesia were used as the research group. The anesthetic effect and safety of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The anesthetic effect of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The blood pressure and heart rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups before anesthesia (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ADR between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: For patients undergoing oral implant surgery, choosing compound artevacaine hydrochloride as anesthetic drug has obvious anesthetic effect and can stabilize patients' life indexes. The anesthetic effect is obvious, and there is no obvious adverse reaction, and the clinical value is obvious.

Comparison of the Effect Of Three Methods of Creativity Development in Elementary Students in Tehran City

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Azadyekta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Creativity Training ◽  
Creativity Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objectivity: This research was conducted with the objective of examining the effect of three methods of creativity development (brain storming, forced association and synectics) on creativity development in elementary students in Tehran city. Method: The present study was a pretest-posttest experimental design with control group. To measure the dependent variable, creativity, Torance Tests of creativity thinking (Form B) were used. In this study 160 students (80 boy, 80 girl) were randomly selected and divided into four groups (brain storming, forced association, synectics and control group).Results: Results revealed significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of all groups except the control group (brain storming P<0.01,forced association P<0.05,synectics P<0.01). Also, the different between the methods of creativity development was not significant. In other words. none of the creativity methods were superior to the others. However, there was a significant difference between the control groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regardless of the method, creativity training can lead to an increase in students creativity.

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