scholarly journals Procalcitonin Identifies Bacterial Coinfections in Vietnamese Children with Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Quyet Do ◽  
Tuan Minh Dao ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thi Nguyen ◽  
Quynh Anh Tran ◽  
Hau Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Bacterial Coinfection

This study assessed the diagnostic value of interleukin- (IL-) 6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) in differentiating severe pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) alone and RSV with bacterial coinfections among Vietnamese children under 5 years old. A cross-sectional study on 70 children with severe RSV pneumonia was conducted. IL-6, hs-CRP, and PCT tests were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to measure the diagnostic values of PCT, IL-6, and hs-CRP. Of 70 children, 11 children were confirmed to have bacterial coinfections. The most common bacterial coinfection was Haemophilus influenzae. This study underlined that inflammatory biomarkers such as PCT had a moderate-to-high capability of disseminating severe pneumonia children with RSV alone or RSV and bacterial coinfections. This may support clinicians in administrating appropriate antibiotics to children suffering from severe RSV pneumonia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors with Mixed Coinfections among under 5-Year-Old Children with Severe Viral Pneumonia in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e74-e79
Author(s):  
Hien T. Pham ◽  
Tran N. T. Nguyen ◽  
Quynh A. Tran ◽  
Tam T. Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bacterial Coinfection

AbstractCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is well-recognized as a leading cause of disease burden in children. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of coinfection and associated factors in Vietnamese children ages 1 month to 5 years with viral pneumonia. We performed a cross-sectional study of children who were diagnosed with severe viral pneumonia. Demographic, clinical, and subclinical characteristics were compared between children with viral alone and bacterial coinfection. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine which factors were associated with risk of coinfection. Of 202 children with severe viral pneumonia, the most common causative agent was respiratory syncytial virus (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]: 36.1%), followed by influenza virus A (24.3%) and adenovirus (19.8%). Fifty-three children (26.2%) had bacterial superinfection and/or coinfection with other viruses. Haemophilus influenza was the most common bacterium (9.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with 4.0%). In infants (toddlers), ages 12 to 24 months with severe viral pneumonia, (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–9.33), the higher concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT; OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00–1.34), and neutrophils (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04–1.22) were associated with a higher risk of coinfection. This study underlined the pervasiveness of coinfections among young children with severe viral pneumonia. Provision of effective antiviral treatment, especially for RSV, as well as the advancement of sensitive and rapid diagnostic tools for screening pathogens of pneumonia, is critical to reducing the burden of this disease.

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT IN THE DARBHANGA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Umesh Chandra Jha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

INTRODUCTION:Cerebrovascular accident (commonly called stroke) is dened as an abrupt onset of a neurologic decit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Thus, the diagnosis of stroke is clinical and laboratory studies including brain imaging are used to support the diagnosis AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in different types of cerebrovascular accidents on admission. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was an institution based cross-sectional study designed to investigate the association of hs-CRP levels with stroke and its types in Indian patients. The study was done in the Department of Medicine, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar from march 2019 to March 2020. 50 patients of either sex above 12 years of age admitted in Medicine Department of DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar with clinically or radiologically diagnosed stroke. RESULT: The mean level of hsCRP (mean ± s.d.) of the cases in our study was 7.65±7.01 with range 1.4 – 26 and the median was 3.7 and 58% of the cases were having level of hsCRP≥3 (p=0.023).Mean level of hsCRPof cases was signicantly higher than that of control (t98=7.25;p=0.001). CONCLUSION:We concluded that hs-CRPlevel is increased in cases of cerebrovascular accident- ischemic as well as haemorrhagic, suggesting an inammatory response in acute cerebrovascular accident. hs-CRP level is increased in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular accident dramatically but not in haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident which might be considered as useful adjunct method for determining type of stroke in patients with cerebrovascular problems.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Different Biomarkers to Identify Bacterial Coinfection in Vietnamese Children with Severe Rhinovirus Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e25-e31
Author(s):  
Hien Thu Pham ◽  
Tran Thi Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Ngo Thi Tam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Bacterial Coinfection ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractThis study aims to assess the diagnostic value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin (IL)-6 in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by Rhinovirus alone or with bacterial coinfection in Vietnamese children under 5 years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 children under 5 years of age with severe pneumonia due to Rhinovirus at the National Pediatric Hospital. IL-6, hs-CRP, and PCT tests were performed. The diagnostic values of PCT, IL-6, and hs-CRP in classifying those with viral alone and those with bacterial coinfection were determined. Of 26 children, 10 children were diagnosed to have bacterial coinfections (38.5%). The optimal cutoff point for PCT was > 2.30 ng/mL (sensitivity 50%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 83%, and negative predictive value 75%). The optimal cutoff point for hs-CRP was > 1.53 mg/dl (sensitivity 90%, specificity 56%, positive predictive value 56%, and negative predictive value 90%). Finally, the optimal cut-off point for IL-6 was > 441.5 pg/mL (sensitivity 20%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 60%). The accuracy rate of PCT was the highest with 69.2%, followed by hs-CRP with 65.4%. Inflammatory biomarkers such as PCT and hs-CRP were able to distinguish children with severe pneumonia caused by Rhinovirus alone and those with bacterial coinfection.

scholarly journals Comparison of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein Level between Chronic Kidney Disease Stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mochammad Thaha ◽  
Tri Asih Imroati ◽  
Aditia Wardana ◽  
S Widodo ◽  
S Pranawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Disease Stages

ABSTRACTAim : This research is to evaluate the hs-CRP level comparison between CKD stages in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study, evaluating the differences of hs-CRP level between CKD stages in 72 patients (mean age 55.49±7.62 years, the ratio between male:female was 1:1.48, mean BMI 24.18±3.64 kg/m2, 36.11% diabetics, 43.05% on ACEI/ARB, 29.16% on statin), recruited from Nephrology Outpatient Clinic, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from January to May 2014. The stages were stratified  according to the MDRD formula.Results: The mean hs-CRP of  CKD stage 3 was 2.29±2.86, stage 4 was 2.48 ± 2.19, and non-dialysis stage 5 was 2.09 ± 2.54. The analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences among patients with  CKD stage 3, stage 4, and non-dialysis stage 5 (median 1.25 vs 1.80 vs 1.05 mg/L; p=0.430). No significant differences of the serum hs-CRP level were detected between diabetics and non diabetics in stage 3, 4, and non-dialysis stage 5  (p=0.673 vs 0.666 vs 0.138); between patients with and without ACEI/ARB treatment (p=0.610 vs 0.649 vs 0.671); and between patients with and without statin treatment (p=0.852 vs 0.341 vs 0.309).Conclusion: The elevation of serum hs-CRP level can not indicate the decline of kidney function, but it still needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Serum high sensitivity C reactive protein levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Harishchandra R. Chaudhari ◽  
Gaurav A. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major visual morbidities associated with diabetes. This study determined the levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with DR and to correlate the estimated levels of serum hs-CRP with the severity of DR and other coexisting factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2009 and August 2010 and included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without DR. A detailed fundus evaluation was performed using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The retinopathies were observed and documented in accordance with the Kanski's system of classification as background DR (BDR), pre-proliferative DR (PPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Laboratory investigations determined the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin, urine albumin excretion, and serum hs-CRP levels.Results: In total, 80 patients with T2DM were included (DR group, n=40 [BDR, n=22; PDR, n=11; PPDR, n=7]; control group, n=40). Highest serum hs-CRP levels were found in PDR group (6.68 mg/L), followed by PPDR and BDR group (3.2 mg/L and 1.56 mg/L, respectively). The PDR group showed the longest duration of diabetes (16 years), highest FBG (221.8 mg/dL) and HbA1c (6.68 mg/L). The incidence of albuminuria and maculopathy was higher in PDR group (72.7% and 54.54%, respectively). A significant association of hs-CRP levels with DR in patients with T2DM was observed. A significantly (<0.005) positive correlation of hs-CRP was also observed with age, duration of disease, FBG, PPBG, and HbA1c.Conclusions: Patients with severe grades of retinopathy had significantly higher hs-CRP levels than patients with the milder grades.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of HRCT-Thorax for pandemic COVID-19 pneumonia in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp-1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Qureshi ◽  
Zaheer Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Zeeshan Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experienced Radiologist ◽  
Variable Extent ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background: In the scenario of, inadequate testing, the low sensitivity of the COVID-19-PCR test, limited availability of testing kits, and low detection rate, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomography of chest (HRCT) for diagnosing pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of HRCT thorax in Covid-19 pandemic pneumonia. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pulmonology–OPD of Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan from 01-04-2020 to 15-07-2020.   121 patients with dry cough, fever, and dyspnea of sudden onset were included while patients with Bronchial Asthma, ILD, Tuberculosis, Bronchiectasis, COPD, and overt heart failure were excluded. Patients were investigated with chest x-ray, HRCT, COVID-PCR, and hematological tests. HRCT films were evaluated by a qualified and experienced radiologist. Findings were summarized, organized and statistical analysis was done by using SPSS-26 software to make an inference. Results: Five patients were diagnosed as non-covid. Out of 116-diagnosed covid-19 patients, 38(32.75%) showed sub-pleural consolidation, 19(16.37%) consolidation with air-bronchogram, 29(25.0%) crazy paving sign, one pleural effusion (0.86%) and 18 cases (15.51%) displayed reticulations. 11cases(9.48%) had isolated ground glass appearances, while all categories showed it to variable extent. 65 patients (56.03%) were PCR-positive while  51(43.96) patients with positive-HRCT findings for COVID-19 pneumonia had negative nasopharyngeal-PCR. HRCT-Thorax revealed sensitivity: 97.41 %, specificity: 80%, PPV: 99.12%, NPV: 57.14%, and diagnostic accuracy of 96.69% for COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion: HRCT-Thorax, having high sensitivity and adequate specificity, can provide foundations for evidence-based early diagnosis and quantification of coronavirus pneumonia.  It can be tremendously useful for decision making in   PCR-negative patients and anticipating respiratory improvement or decline by serial scans.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus prevalence in children admitted to five Kenyan district hospitals: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000409
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Le Geyt ◽  
Stephanie Hauck ◽  
Mark Lee ◽  
Jennifer Mackintosh ◽  
Jessica Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Prevalence ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of under-five mortality globally. In Kenya, the reported prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in single-centre studies has varied widely. Our study sought to determine the prevalence of RSV infection in children admitted with ARI fulfilling the WHO criteria for bronchiolitis. This was a prospective cross-sectional prevalence study in five hospitals across central and highland Kenya from April to June 2015. Two hundred and thirty-four participants were enrolled. The overall RSV positive rate was 8.1%, which is lower than in previous Kenyan studies. RSV-positive cases were on average 5 months younger than RSV-negative cases.

An Active Surveillance and Referral Program to Ensure Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis for the Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Population: A Quality Improvement Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Carman R. DeMare ◽  
Catherine O’Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death within the first year of life because of birth defects. Complications related to respiratory infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) increase risks in the CHD population. Prevention is key to minimizing risk, and administration of RSV prophylaxis, palivizumab, is recommended for infants with hemodynamically significant heart disease. Objective: Use the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify and ensure appropriate referral of CHD patients eligible for RSV prophylaxis. Design: Comparative, cross-sectional study design. Setting: Cardiac specialty clinic of a regional children’s hospital. Population: CHD patients younger than 24 months of age eligible for RSV prophylaxis. Intervention: Use the EMR to develop a method for identifying CHD patients eligible for RSV prophylaxis and implement a referral process. Results: Similar number of patients in the 2 RSV seasons studied. Rates of eligibility for RSV prophylaxis over the 2 seasons were the same. Improvements in documentation of eligibility by the provider from the first season to the second. Limitations: Inability to determine referral rates. Initial EMR search did not identify patients eligible for RSV prophylaxis. Inconsistent EMR data entry. Conclusions: Ongoing education on eligibility for RSV prophylaxis. Need for automated EMR referral. Ongoing evaluation of EMR systems identifying patients eligible for RSV prophylaxis.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Arcus Corneae For Age Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Boonsak Hanterdsith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Although the arcus corneae (AC) has long been used as an age indicator for forensic purposes, its diagnostic value has not been evaluated. To evaluate the AC as a predictor of chronological age, the author has studied the correlation of AC with respect to age of the deceased. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 342 Thai corpses at the Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Thailand. AC was graded into three levels: no AC, incomplete ring, and complete ring. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binomial logistic regression, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were used for analysis. The Cohen’s kappa was used to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The prevalence of AC and the probability of complete AC were significant higher in corpses aged 60 years and above than in those under 60 years. Consequently, this study confirmed that the prevalence of AC was significantly correlated with the age of Thai individuals. If the complete AC is used as an indicator of age of 60 years and above, complete AC has high sensitivity (92.56%) but low specificity (72.85%), low positive predictive value (65.12%), but high negative predictive value (94.71%). For diagnostic value, the presence of AC can be used for age screening but not for absolute confirmation. The absence of AC indicates young age, incomplete AC indicates middle age, and complete AC indicates old age. The high intraobserver and interobserver reliability provides assurance of the value of AC as a means to estimate personal age.

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