Anomalous Fluctuation of Halogens in Relation to the Pollution Status along Lake Mariout, Egypt

This paper aimed to study the anomalous fluctuation of halogens with respect to the pollution status in surface water (w), pore water (p), and sediments (s) of Lake Mariout. It provided a framework for understanding the distribution of dissolved and precipitated halogen salts related to the pollution status of the lake. The study cleared out that bromide was only the most abundant halogen in the three studied partitions. On contrast, sediment’s partition contained the lowest chloride content. Fluoride minerals, especially, fluorapatites and carbonate-fluorapatite (FAP and CFAP), had high Saturation Index (SI) values in surface water (42.77–51.95 and 16.04–60.89, respectively) and in pore water (51.26–54.60 and 17.52–78.33, respectively). Bromide and chloride were mainly found in the soluble forms in the surface water and pore waters. Iodide salts, (Ca(IO3)2 and Ca(IO3)2.6H2O), were moderately precipitated in surface and pore waters. Thus, SI content reflected that halogens, especially fluoride and iodide, played a vital role in reducing lake pollution. Fluorite (CaF2) and sellaïte (MgF2) could only be formed in pore water, while calcite and aragonite could be deposited from surface water. In addition, Cl was mainly found in the forms of NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and KCl in surface and pore waters. The multivariate analysis revealed that fluoride precipitate may serve in decreasing the dissolved salt pollution. Multivariate analysis showed that in the long run, the fluoride precipitation in FAP and CFAP can significantly adsorb and absorb various pollutants and can protect the lake from pollution. The ecological risk assessment conducted by calculating the enrichment factor (EF) showed that the lake was still unpolluted. Regarding human health risks, at appropriate levels of human health and safety, the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) of halogens found to be lower than these reported levels. Hence, ingestion and dermal absorption routes of halogens by surface water and sediments did not pose any adverse effects to population reflecting uncontaminated status of Lake Mariout.

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Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water Due to Leachate from the Municipal Dumpsite by Pollution Index: A Case Study from Ndawuse River, Abuja, Nigeria

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2018-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 214-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ibironke Titilayo Enitan ◽

Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan ◽

John Ogony Odiyo ◽

Muhammad Mamman Alhassan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Cumulative Exposure

AbstractThe study assessed the level of heavy metals in surface water across Ndawuse River near the dumpsite at Phase 1 District of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. The results indicated that oxygen demand, turbidity and heavy metals were above the standard limits set for drinking water. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed natural and anthropogenic activities as sources of heavy metal contamination. The estimated non-carcinogenic effects using hazard quotient toxicity potential, cumulative hazard index and daily human exposure dose of surface water through ingestion pathway were less than a unity. The estimated carcinogenic risks (CRing) exceeded the suggested potential risk limits, with lead (Pb) having the highest CRing value for all age groups. However, children were found to be more susceptible to heavy metals over a period of time according to the estimated values. The concentration of heavy metals in the investigated river could pose an adverse health risk to several communities that rely on this receiving water bodies for domestic purposes. Therefore, there is need for strict enforcement of environmental laws to protect aquatic ecosystem and to avoid long term cumulative exposure risk that heavy metals may pose on human health.

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Human health risk assessment of trace metals contamination in a tropical river

Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria ◽

10.46602/jcsn.v46i1.584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. I. Uwah ◽

E. M. Edem ◽

I. E. Udosen ◽

E. D. Udosen ◽

O. M. Udoidiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Dry Season ◽

Dermal Absorption ◽

Wet Season ◽

Adverse Health Effects

Levels of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were quantified in water, sediment and winkles (Pachymelania bryonensis and Pachymelania fusca mutans) in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria during wet and dry seasons using standard procedures. Results revealed that mean levels (mg/l) of the metals in water ranged from 0.016 for Cr to 0.087 for Cd in wet season and 0.010 for Cu to 0.082 for Zn in dry season. In sediment, the metals levels (mg/kg) ranged from 0.002 for Pb to 0.161 for Zn in wet season and 0.001 for Pb to 0.438 for Cu in dry season. In winkles, the metals levels (mg/kg) ranged from 0.002 for Pb to 0.069 for Cd and for Cu in the wet season, and 0.001 for Pb to 0.058 for Cd and for Cu in the dry season. Estimated human health risk from each metal contamination due to consumption of the water, dermal absorption through swimming and consumption of winkles gave each of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values of less than one (< 1), indicating no risk since the levels of contamination in each case are not likely to cause any adverse health effects in humans.

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Geochemistry of intertidal sediment pore waters from the industrialized Santos-Cubatão Estuarine System, SE Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652012005000021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 427-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Winston F.O. Gonçalves ◽

Wanilson Luiz-Silva ◽

Wilson Machado ◽

Erico C. Nizoli ◽

Ricardo E. Santelli

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Pore Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Point Sources ◽

Intertidal Sediment ◽

Estuarine System ◽

Pore Waters ◽

Geochemical Composition ◽

Se Brazil

The geochemical composition of sediment pore water was investigated in comparison with the composition of sediment particles and surface water in an estuary within one of the most industrialized areas in Latin America (Santos-Cubatão estuarine system, SE Brazil). Pore and surface waters presented anomalously high levels of F-, NH4+, Fe, Mn and P due to two industrial point sources. In the summer, when SO4(2-)/Cl- ratios suggested an enhanced sulfate reduction, the higher dissolved levels observed in pore waters for some metals (e.g., Cu and Ni) were attributed to reductive dissolution of oxidized phases. Results evidenced that the risks of surface water concentration increase due to diffusion or advection from pore water are probably dependent on coupled influences of tidal pumping and groundwater inputs.

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Levels of Metals in Soils of Ait Ammar Iron Mine, Morocco: Human Health Risks

Acta Chemica Iasi ◽

10.1515/achi-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 127-144

Author(s):

Mohamed Nouri ◽

Taoufik El Rasafi ◽

Abdelmajid Haddioui

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Dermal Absorption ◽

Cancer Risks ◽

Human Health Risks ◽

Safe Level ◽

Iron Mine ◽

The Mean

Abstract The concentrations of metals were determined in soil samples collected in Ait Ammar (Oued Zem, Morocco). The mean Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn contents in the mining topsoil samples were: 2.12, 135, 34.9, 214, 9.13 and 90.8 mg kg−1, respectively. Human health risks developed from metal ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation of soils were also evaluated. For non-carcinogenic risks, united hazard index (HI) values for children surpassed the safe level (HI=1) for Cr (13.1). Values for HI in adults (1.74) also surpassed the safe level for Cr. The HI values for Pb and Cd for children were 0.69 and 0.68, respectively. Cancer risk due to Cr surpassed the tolerable range (1E-06 to1E-04) for children (1.05E-03) and for adults (1.42E-04). Cancer risks due to Pb and Cd were within acceptable ranges for both children and adults. Furthermore, oral ingestion of soil particles contributed more highly to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk from Cr than either dermal absorption or inhalation in both children and adults.

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Dissolved Concentrations, Sources, and Risk Evaluation of Selected Metals in Surface Water from Mangla Lake, Pakistan

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/948396 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Muhammad Saleem ◽

Javed Iqbal ◽

Munir H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Principal Component ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Metal Levels

The present study is carried out for the assessment of water quality parameters and selected metals levels in surface water from Mangla Lake, Pakistan. The metal levels (Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Average levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb were higher than the allowable concentrations set by national and international agencies. Principal component analysis indicated significant anthropogenic contributions of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb in the water reservoir. Noncarcinogenic risk assessment was then evaluated using Hazard QuotientHQing/dermand Hazard IndexHIing/dermfollowing USEPA methodology. For adults and children, Cd, Co, Cr, and PbHQing>1emerged as the most important pollutants leading to noncarcinogenic concerns via ingestion route, whereas there was no risk via dermal contact of surface water. This study helps in establishing pollutant loading reduction goal and the total maximum daily loads, and consequently contributes to preserve public health and develop water conservation strategy.

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Evaluation of Metal Contamination, Flux and the Associated Human Health Risk from Atmospheric Dustfall in Metal Mining Areas of Southern Jharkhand, India.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-890010/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mukesh Kumar Mahato ◽

Abhay Kumar Singh ◽

Soma Giri

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Atmospheric Environment ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Iron Mining

Abstract Metals can be apprehended in the atmospheric environment of copper and iron mining areas of Jharkhand, which falls in one of the most mineralised areas of India with extensive mining and industrial activities. The study was taken up to appraise the metal contamination in the atmospheric dust to evaluate the metal fluxes and associated health risk considering the seasonal variations. Sixty samples were analysed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and the contamination levels were assessed by various indices. The metal content of dustfall samples exceeded the average shale values for most of the metals. Higher metal concentrations were found in the locations in close vicinity of mining and industrial areas. The principal component analysis suggested both geogenic and anthropogenic sources for metals in the atmospheric dustfall. Human health risk as determined by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) suggested considerable risk to the child populace through the ingestion pathway for both the mining areas, higher being in iron mining areas. The metal flux and the health risk were higher in summers as compared to winters for both the mining areas. Consequently, the results advocate the necessity of periodic monitoring of the freefall dust of the mining areas and development of proper management strategies to reduce the metal pollution.

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Health Risk and Geochemical Assessment of Trace Elements in Surface Sediment along the Hooghly (Ganges) River Estuary (India)

Water ◽

10.3390/w13020110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Priyanka Mondal ◽

Giusy Lofrano ◽

Maurizio Carotenuto ◽

Marco Guida ◽

Marco Trifuoggi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Human Health ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Significant Risk ◽

River Estuary ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Ganges River ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk

This study investigated sediment spatial and seasonal distribution of trace elements (TEs) (n = 16) and human health effects along the Hooghly River Estuary (India). The index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), hazard quotient (HQ), modified hazard quotient (mHQ) and toxic risk unit (TRI) were calculated to estimate sediment pollution level, while hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were used to assess TEs enrichment vs. human health. The concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of TEs were: Cd (0.01–1.58), Cr (41.98–105.49), Cu (16.41–51.09), Ni (28.37–63.90), Fe (22075–47919), Mn (423–630), Co (11.43–23.11), Zn (48.82–105.81), V (63.92–138.92), Pb (25.01–43.27) and Ti (0.18–3.50); As (2.92–16.26), B (59.34–98.78), Si (11.52–98.78); Be (1.71–4.81), Ba (95.23–293.72). From Igeo and EF, Cd was the major contaminant, while Ni presented moderate/high contamination (HQ and TRI). Children were more exposed to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks compared to adults. For non-carcinogenic substances, no significant risk was found to both children and adults (HIs < 1). The LCR for Cr (3.924 × 10−4 for children) and As (1.379 × 10−4 for children) was higher than the threshold limit value (TLV, 10−4 and 10−6) indicating significant carcinogenic risks to be managed.

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Toxic and heavy metals contamination assessment in soil and water to evaluate human health risk

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94616-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Waqar Ahmad ◽

Rima D. Alharthy ◽

Muhammad Zubair ◽

Mahmood Ahmed ◽

Abdul Hameed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Human Health ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Contamination Assessment ◽

Soil And Water

AbstractDue to urbanization and industrialization, there has been an increase in solid waste generation and has become a global concern and leakage of leachate from landfills contaminate the soil and groundwater and hence can have a severe impact on human health. The present study aimed to determine the composition of toxic metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, As) and heavy metals (Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb) in soil and water by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). To ensure accuracy during the analysis of Cr, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Ba, Hg, and Pb in real samples, certified reference material (CRM, SRM 2709a) of San Joaquin soil and water (SRM 1640a) were analyzed and results were presented in terms of % recovery studies. The mean concentration of all the metals in soil and water did not exceed the limit set by the European Community (EU), WHO, and US EPA except Cu where the permissible limit defined by the EU is 50–140 mg/kg in soil. The soil is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with respect to all metals except the Cu and Pb. Among the average daily dose (ADD) of soil, ADDing and ADDinh for children had the maximum dose for all metals than adults while ADDderm was higher in adults. Hazard quotient (HQ) trend in both adults and children was found in order HQing > HQderm > HQinh of soil for all metals except Ba which followed HQing > HQinh > HQderm. Hazard index (HI) values of soil for Cr and Pb in children were 7 and 7.5 times higher than adults respectively. Lifetime cancer risk (LCR) value for Cr by different exposure pathways of soil was 5.361 × 10−4 for children which are at the lower borderline of risk for cancer.

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Health Risk and Water Quality Assessment of Surface Water in an Urban River of Bangladesh

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6832

Author(s):

Md. Foysal Hasan ◽

Md. Nur-E-Alam ◽

Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽

Hafizur Rahman ◽

Shujit Chandra Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Human Health ◽

River Water ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Despite significant contributions to the national economy of Bangladesh, various urban developments, massive industrial and growing shipping activities are making the water of many urban rivers, including Karnaphuli River, extremely polluted. To find out the pollution sources and their possible health effects, 45 water samples were collected from 15 sampling stations. Investigation of six physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, and turbidity) through in-situ measurements and eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) status using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was carried out in this research. Both the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)’s permeable threshold limit. The calculated hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) ingestion values indicate non-carcinogenic risk both for adults and children, but dermal exposure was within the safety limit. Carcinogenic risk analysis revealed that Cd could cause a risk of cancer in those using the river water for a long period. Spatial analysis and metal pollution index (MPI) results exhibit that downstream of the river water is more polluted than upstream of the river. Overall, the findings of this study imply that polluted water is a threat to human health and the results will also help to undertake proper management strategies and incorporate monitoring programs that study river water for the implementation of safety measures to protect human health.

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