scholarly journals Thematic Maps of the Impact of Urbanization and Socioeconomic Factors on the Distribution of the Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in Sefrou Province, Central North of Morocco (2007–2011)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Talbi ◽  
Nordine Nouayti ◽  
Hajar El Omari ◽  
Mohamed Najy ◽  
Khadija Lahouiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Background. Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases with health risks. They cause a big health problem. These parasitic diseases are transmitted by the parasite of the genus Leishmania through sandflies. Objective. The aim of this work is to study the distribution of the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases and the impact of urbanization and socioeconomic factors and their effects as leishmaniasis risk factors. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of CL cases collected at the level of Sefrou Province during the period from 2007 to 2011. The data was collected from registers of the Medical Delegation of Sefrou Province. The socioeconomic data, namely, the poverty rate, the popular density, and the type of environment (urban/rural) of Sefrou Province, were obtained from the High Commission for Planning. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 20). The data were registered in a Microsoft Excel 2010 file. Statistical analysis was based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and then a correlation study was carried out (Pearson correlation). The results were considered significant when p was less than 0.05. The database was analyzed by QGIS 2.18, which is open source software. Results. A total of 349 cases of CL were collected at Sefrou Province from 2007 to 2011. A percentage of 49% of the cases come from urban areas, while 51% of the cases come from rural areas. In the statistical analysis, the division of the incidence of CL cases was found to be significantly associated only with urbanization. For the other factors, the number of people or the poverty rate is not taken into account in the incidence dynamics. Conclusion. This study may be useful for the implementation of future adequate measures and controls. Getting rid of leishmaniasis requires a comprehensive approach by acting on the sources of contamination through good continuous surveillance, appropriate management, effective vector control, and awareness-raising strategies.

scholarly journals Impact of Urbanization and Socioeconomic Factors on the Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Center of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. El Omari ◽  
A. Chahlaoui ◽  
F. Talbi ◽  
K. Ouarrak ◽  
A. El Ouali Lalami
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization

Background. Parasitic diseases, in particular leishmaniasis, are still a public health problem in several countries and in Morocco. Methods. The data used are those of epidemiological surveillance collected in the registers of the prefectural epidemiology cell (PEC); however, the socioeconomic data were obtained from the High Commissioner for Planning. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the different variables. Results. In total, 70 cases were recorded by the prefectural epidemiology cell (PEC) during the period from 2009 to 2015. 46% of the cases come from rural areas while 54% of the cases come from urban areas. The Pearson test shows the existence of a significant relationship between the number of cases recorded and the type of environment (r = 0.49, p value = 0.02), and population rate (R = 0.849 and p≤0.001). However, in our case, the poverty rate does not influence CL’s distribution. Conclusion. Our results show that the CL affects the majority of the municipalities with predominance of the urban environment, so the distribution of cases of this pathology is not influenced by the poverty; however, the urbanization and the number of inhabitants have a positive impact on the distribution of this scourge.

scholarly journals Urbanization Impacts on Vegetation Phenology in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Ren ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Qingxu Huang ◽  
Yuyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization can affect the ecological processes, local climate and human health in urban areas by changing the vegetation phenology. In the past 20 years, China has experienced rapid urbanization. Thus, it is imperative to understand the impact of urbanization on vegetation phenology in China. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of urbanization on vegetation phenology at the national and climate zone scales using remotely sensed data. We found that the start of the growing season (SOS) was advanced by approximately 2.4 days (P < 0.01), and the end of the growing season (EOS) was delayed by approximately 0.7 days (P < 0.01) in the urban areas compared to the rural areas. As a result, the growing season length (GSL) was extended by approximately 3.1 days (P < 0.01). The difference in the SOS and GSL between the urban and rural areas increased from 2001 to 2014, with an annual rate of 0.2 days (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.05) and 0.2 days (R2 = 0.31, P < 0.05), respectively. We also found that the impact of urbanization on vegetation phenology varied among different vegetation types at the national and climate zone levels (P < 0.05). The SOS was negatively correlated with land surface temperature (LST), with a correlation coefficient of −0.24 (P < 0.01), and EOS and GSL were positively correlated with LST, with correlation coefficients of 0.56 and 0.44 (P < 0.01), respectively. The improved understanding of the impact of urbanization on vegetation phenology from this study will be of great help for policy-makers in terms of developing relevant strategies to mitigate the negative environmental effects of urbanization in China.

Impact of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Physical and Financial and Business Assets Development of Rural Women: A Study among the Rural Women’s of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu[1]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaichelvi Sivaraman ◽  
Rengasamy Stalin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panchayati Raj

This research paper is the part of Research Project entitled “Impact of Elected Women Representatives in the Life and Livelihood of the Women in Rural Areas: With Special Reference to Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu” funded by University of Madras under UGC-UPE Scheme.The 73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India were made by the government to strengthen the position of women and to create a local-level legal foundation for direct democracy for women in both rural and urban areas. The representation for women in local bodies through reservation policies amendment in Constitution of India has stimulated the political participation of women in rural areas. However, when it’s comes to the argument of whether the women reservation in Panchayati Raj helps or benefits to the life and livelihood development of women as a group? The answer is hypothetical because the studies related to the impact of women representatives of Panchayati Raj in the life and livelihood development of women was very less. Therefore, to fill the gap in existing literature, the present study was conducted among the rural women of Tiruvannamalai district to assess the impact of elected women representatives in the physical and financial and business development of the women in rural areas. The findings revealed that during the last five years because of the women representation in their village Panjayati Raj, the Physical Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (55.8%) and Highly (23.4%) and the Financial and Business Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (60.4%) and Highly (18.7%).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 002073142098374
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pandey ◽  
Nitin Kishore Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Number

The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors associated with the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure for identifying the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesizes that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons older than 50, population density, and poverty rate. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The policy effectiveness indicator is calculated by taking the difference of the COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state based on the predicted model and the actual COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state[Formula: see text]Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, demographic factors such as rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus, people residing in urban areas face a significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to people in rural areas.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis and Machine Learning Prediction of Fog-Caused Low-Visibility Events at A-8 Motor-Road in Spain

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Sara Cornejo-Bueno ◽  
David Casillas-Pérez ◽  
Laura Cornejo-Bueno ◽  
Mihaela I. Chidean ◽  
Antonio J. Caamaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
The Impact

This work presents a full statistical analysis and accurate prediction of low-visibility events due to fog, at the A-8 motor-road in Mondoñedo (Galicia, Spain). The present analysis covers two years of study, considering visibility time series and exogenous variables collected in the zone affected the most by extreme low-visibility events. This paper has then a two-fold objective: first, we carry out a statistical analysis for estimating the fittest probability distributions to the fog event duration, using the Maximum Likelihood method and an alternative method known as the L-moments method. This statistical study allows association of the low-visibility depth with the event duration, showing a clear relationship, which can be modeled with distributions for extremes such as Generalized Extreme Value and Generalized Pareto distributions. Second, we apply a neural network approach, trained by means of the ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) algorithm, to predict the occurrence of low-visibility events due to fog, from atmospheric predictive variables. This study provides a full characterization of fog events at this motor-road, in which orographic fog is predominant, causing important traffic problems during all year. We also show how the ELM approach is able to obtain highly accurate low-visibility events predictions, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.8, within a half-hour time horizon, enough to initialize some protocols aiming at reducing the impact of these extreme events in the traffic of the A-8 motor road.

Agriculture Biomaterial Industry in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Irina Bancescu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Rural

Rural areas in Romania are underdeveloped, with the main economic activity being agriculture. Urban-rural income gap and poverty levels are indicative of an underdeveloped rural area. Urban-rural absolute income gap for average monthly income increased from 352 RON in 2007 to 663 RON in 2017. Moreover, the work poverty rate is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Economic rural development can be achieved by improvements of the labour market and introduction of new value-added products. Agricultural and non-agricultural activities are dependent on each other for a successful rural development leading to poverty alleviation. An industry that combines the two types of economic activities is agriculture biomaterial industry. In this paper, the authos investigates the factors influencing rural poverty and analyses the current stage of the bioplastics market in Romania and its economic implications. Bioplastics industry can reduce urban-rural income gaps and poverty in rural areas.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING: THE PRESENT SCENARIO IN TELANGANA STATE – AN EMPERICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (65) ◽  
pp. 15164-15172
Author(s):  
S. Pratap ◽  
Aziz Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

In present scenario of COVID-19, the effect of pandemic on Digital Marketing is visible not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. Customers are searching for various products and services through Google by which they can purchase wide range of products and services to fill their needs and desires at relatively low price. The freedom to select numerous products is available by browsing various websites. Hence this study focuses on Impact of digital marketing particularly in the selected rural areas of Telangana state. This state been formed recently but in the IT sector it is receiving much attention throughout the globe, as many MNC’s are establishing their operations in this state. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this study to find out how the Impact of digital marketing is trickling down in the rural and remote areas of newly formed Telangana state. Hence this study focuses the impact of digital marketing in the selected areas of Telangana state.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of patients operated on at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carlos Mena Canata ◽  
Rebeca Noemí Ruiz Vallejos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of postoperative patients.The study is observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The files of all postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients in Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo Paraguay. The Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire (OSA 18) was applied, asking patients about symptoms before and after surgery. An effective sample of 143 postoperative patients was obtained. The average age was 6.05 ± 2.08 years, 55.10% (81) were male and 44.89% (66) were female, 65.30% (96) were from urban areas and 34.69% (51) from the rural areas. The t test was performed for means of two paired samples, comparing the results of the Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire surveys before and after surgery which presented a significant difference (p <0.05) with a tendency to improve the quality of life after surgery. It has been shown that there is a significant difference, a considerable improvement in the quality of life of patients after adenotonsillectomy.

scholarly journals The impact of urbanization expansion on agricultural land in Ethiopia: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Assefa Ayele ◽  
Kassa Tarekegn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn a country like Ethiopia where the vast majority of the populations are employed in agriculture, land is an important economic resource for the development of rural livelihoods. Agricultural land in peri-urban areas is, however, transformed into built-up regions through horizontal urban expansion that has an effect on land use value. In recent years Ethiopia has been experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to an ever-increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagricultural activities that pervades agricultural land. There is a high demand for informal and illegal peri-urban land which has been held by peri-urban farmers, and this plays a vital role in the unauthorized and sub-standard house construction on agricultural land. This urbanization has not been extensively reviewed and documented. In this review an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities. Urban expansion has reduced the areas available for agriculture, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability. Housing encroachments have been observed to be uncontrolled due to a weak government response to the trend of unplanned city expansion. This has left peri-urban farmers exposed to the negative shocks of urbanization because significant urbanization-related agricultural land loss has a positive correlation with grain production decrease. Appropriate governing bodies should control urban development in order to control the illegal and informal spread of urbanization on agricultural land that threatens food production.

scholarly journals Modeling Charging Infrastructure Requirements to Achieve a Holistic E-Mobility Integration in Regional Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Husarek ◽  
Simon Paulus ◽  
Michael Metzger ◽  
Vjekoslav Salapic ◽  
Stefan Niessen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
Regional Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

Since E-Mobility is on the rise worldwide, large Charging Infrastructure (CI) networks are required to satisfy the upcoming Charging Demand (CD). Understanding this CD with its spatial and temporal uncertainties is important for grid operators to quantify the grid impact of Electric Vehicle integration and for Charging Station (CS) operators to assess long-term CI investments. Hence, we introduce an Agent-based E-Mobility Model assessing regional CI systems with their multi-directional interactions between CSs and vehicles. A Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is applied to quantify the impact of 11 technical levers on 17 relevant charging system outputs. The GSA evaluates the E-Mobility integration in terms of grid impact, economic viability of CSs and Service Quality of the deployed Charging Infrastructure (SQCI). Based on this impact assessment we derive general guidelines for E-Mobility integration into regional systems. We found, inter alia, that CI policies should aim at allocating CSs across different types of locations to utilize cross-locational effects such as CSs at public locations affecting the charging peak in residential areas by up to 18%. Additionally, while improving the highway charging network is an effective lever to increase the SQCI in urban areas, public charging is an even stronger lever in rural areas.

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