scholarly journals Segmentation of Cerebrovascular Anatomy from TOF-MRA Using Length-Strained Enhancement and Random Walker

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ruoxiu Xiao ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Hanying Zou ◽  
Ying Luo ◽  
Jiayu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Growth ◽  
Hessian Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Seed Point ◽  
Random Walker ◽  
Tof Mra ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Connected Area ◽  
Seed Points

Cerebrovascular rupture can cause a severe stroke. Three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a common method of obtaining vascular information. This work proposes a fully automated segmentation method for extracting the vascular anatomy from TOF-MRA. The steps of the method are as follows. First, the brain is extracted on the basis of regional growth and path planning. Next, the brain’s highlighted connected area is explored to obtain seed point information, and the Hessian matrix is used to enhance the contrast of image. Finally, a random walker combined with seed points and enhanced images is used to complete vascular anatomy segmentation. The method is tested using 12 sets of data and compared with two traditional vascular segmentation methods. Results show that the described method obtains an average Dice coefficient of 90.68%, and better results were obtained in comparison with the traditional methods.

The functional vascular anatomy of the swine for research

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812199650
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards ◽  
Hossam Abdou ◽  
Neerav Patel ◽  
Marta J Madurska ◽  
Kelly Poe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Translational Research Program ◽  
And Function

Objectives Swine ( Sus Scrofa) are utilized broadly in research settings, given similarities to human vessel size and function; however, there are some important differences for clinicians to understand in order to interpret and perform translational research. This review article uses angiograms acquired in the course of a translational research program to present a description of the functional anatomy of the swine. Methods Digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography were obtained throughout the course of multiple studies utilizing power injection with iodinated contrast. Subtracted two-dimensional images and three-dimensional multiplanar reformations were utilized post image acquisition to create maximal intensity projections and three-dimensional renderings of using open-source software (OsiriX). These imaging data are presented along with vessel measurements for reference. Results An atlas highlighting swine vascular anatomy, with an emphasis on inter-species differences that may influence how studies are conducted and interpreted, was compiled. Conclusions Swine are utilized in broad-reaching fields for preclinical research. While many similarities between human and swine vasculature exist, there are important differences to consider when conducting and interpreting research. This review article highlights these differences and presents accompanying images to inform clinicians gaining experience in swine research.

scholarly journals Vascular Supply of the Human Spiral Ganglion: Novel Three-Dimensional Analysis Using Synchrotron Phase-Contrast Imaging and Histology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueshuang Mei ◽  
Rudolf Glueckert ◽  
Annelies Schrott-Fischer ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Hanif M. Ladak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractHuman spiral ganglion (HSG) cell bodies located in the bony cochlea depend on a rich vascular supply to maintain excitability. These neurons are targeted by cochlear implantation (CI) to treat deafness, and their viability is critical to ensure successful clinical outcomes. The blood supply of the HSG is difficult to study due to its helical structure and encasement in hard bone. The objective of this study was to present the first three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and analysis of the HSG blood supply using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI) in combination with histological analyses of archival human cochlear sections. Twenty-six human temporal bones underwent SR-PCI. Data were processed using volume-rendering software, and a representative three-dimensional (3D) model was created to allow visualization of the vascular anatomy. Histologic analysis was used to verify the segmentations. Results revealed that the HSG is supplied by radial vascular twigs which are separate from the rest of the inner ear and encased in bone. Unlike with most organs, the arteries and veins in the human cochlea do not follow the same conduits. There is a dual venous outflow and a modiolar arterial supply. This organization may explain why the HSG may endure even in cases of advanced cochlear pathology.

scholarly journals Unsupervised Three-Dimensional Tubular Structure Segmentation via Filter Combination

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengfei Cui ◽  
Chang Yuwen ◽  
Lei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Medical Image Segmentation ◽  
Tubular Structure ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Real Patient ◽  
The Public ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Structure Enhancement

AbstractTubular structure enhancement plays an utmost role in medical image segmentation as a pre-processing technique. In this work, an unsupervised 3D tubular structure segmentation technique is developed, which is mainly inspired by the idea of filter combination. Three well-known vessel filters, Frangi’s filter, the modified Frangi’s filter and the Multiscale Fractional Anisotropic Tensor (MFAT) filter, separately enhance the original images. Next, the enhanced images obtained using three different filters are combined. Different categories of vessel filters have the ability of complementarity, which is the main motivation of combining these three advanced filters. The combination of them ensures a high diversity of the enhancing results. Weighted mean and median ranking methods are used to conduct the operation of filter combination. Based on the optimized weights for all the three individual filters, fuzzy C-means method is then applied to segment the tubular structures. The proposed technique is tested on the public DRIVE and STARE datasets, the public synthetic vascular models (2011 and 2013 VascuSynth Sample), and real-patient Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms the state-of-the-art filter combination-based segmentation methods. Moreover, our proposed method is able to yield better tubular structure segmentation results than that of each individual filter, which exhibits the superiority of the proposed method. In conclusion, the proposed method can be further used to facilitate vessel segmentation in medical practice.

scholarly journals The Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional T2 Weighted Imaging-based Radiomic Signatures Selected for the Preoperative Discrimination of Ovarian Borderline Tumors and Epithelial Cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefen Liu ◽  
Tianping Wang ◽  
Guofu Zhang ◽  
Keqin Hua ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operator Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Borderline Tumors ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Selection Operator ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Testing Group ◽  
Segmentation Models

Abstract Background: Accurate discrimination between ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) and malignancies with imaging play an important role in management.Purpose: To evaluate the ability of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)-based radiomics to discriminate ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) from malignancies based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lesion segmentation methods.Methods: A total of 95 patients with pathologically proven ovarian BOTs and 101 patients with malignancies were retrospectively included in this study. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the signatures derived from T2WI-based radiomics in their ability to differentiate between BOTs and malignancies and compared the performance differences in the 2D and 3D segmentation models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) was used for radiomics feature selection and machine learning processing.Results: The radiomics score between BOTs and malignancies in four types of selected T2WI-based radiomics models differed significantly at the statistical level (p < 0.0001). For the classification between BOTs and malignant masses, the 2D and 3D coronal T2WI-based radiomics models yielded accuracy values of 0.79 and 0.83 in the testing group, respectively; the 2D and 3D sagittal fat-suppressed (fs) T2WI-based radiomics models yielded an accuracy of 0.78 and 0.99, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that T2WI-based radiomic features were highly correlated with ovarian tumor subtype classification. 3D-sagittal MRI radiomics features may help clinicians differentiate ovarian BOTs from malignancies with high accuracy (ACC).

Laser Stripe Center Extraction Based on Hessian Matrix and Regional Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 021203
Author(s):  
刘剑 Liu Jian ◽  
刘丽华 Liu Lihua
Keyword(s):  
Regional Growth ◽  
Hessian Matrix ◽  
Laser Stripe

Ventrolateral Compression of the Brain Stem in Essential Hypertension: MR Angiography Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
L. Manfrè ◽  
M. Midiri ◽  
G. Cerasola ◽  
N. Platania ◽  
M. Accardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Tof Mra ◽  
Sequence Ideal ◽  
The Brain

Our purpose was to evaluate neurovascular compression at the level of ventrolateral medulla and NVC with the IXth and the Xth cranial nerves in patients with essential hypertension and in healthy volunteers using high resoluted Spoiled Recalled Gradient Echo (SPGR) sequences, allowing the detection of stationary tissues and moving spins. Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women) with essential hypertension were examined. Patient's ages ranged from 24 to 64 years-old (mean age was 48 y.o.). Patients older than 65 were excluded. The average of systolic blood-pressure of hypertensive patients was 183 ± 10 mmHg, while the diastolic pressure was 98 ± 10.5 mmHg. In conclusion, we consider axial single partitions from a three-dimensional TOF MRA sequence ideal to demonstrate both vascular and neural components of NVC. NVC could explain essential hypertension disease in a significant percentage of patients, even though true idiopathic hypertension - probably less frequent than believed- exists.

scholarly journals Visual Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Aortic Dissection Based on Medical CT Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Duan ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Jianming Wang ◽  
Meichen Shi ◽  
Qingliang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hessian Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

With the rapid development of CT technology, especially the higher resolution of CT machine and a sharp increase in the amount of slices, to extract and three-dimensionally display aortic dissection from the huge medical image data became a challenging task. In this paper, active shape model combined with spatial continuity was adopted to realize automatic reconstruction of aortic dissection. First, we marked aortic feature points from big data sample library and registered training samples to build a statistical model. Meanwhile, gray vectors were sampled by utilizing square matrix, which set the landmarks as the center. Posture parameters of the initial shape were automatically adjusted by the method of spatial continuity between CT sequences. The contrast experiment proved that the proposed algorithm could realize accurate aorta segmentation without selecting the interested region, and it had higher accuracy than GVF snake algorithm (93.29% versus 87.54% on aortic arch, 94.30% versus 89.25% on descending aorta). Aortic dissection membrane was extracted via Hessian matrix and Bayesian theory. Finally, the three-dimensional visualization of the aortic dissection was completed by volume rendering based on the ray casting method to assist the doctors in clinical diagnosis, which contributed to improving the success rate of the operations.

scholarly journals Clustering of Quasars from the ROE/ESO Large-Scale AQD Survey for Quasars

1987 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
Roger G. Clowes ◽  
Angela Iovino ◽  
Peter Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The South ◽  
First Results ◽  
Poster Paper ◽  
Connected Area

The new ROE/ESO large-scale AQD survey for quasars forms a connected area of ∼ 200 deg2 near the south galactic pole, and has resulted in the discovery of a total number of quasar candidates that is comparable to the number previously published from all other sources (see the poster paper by Iovino, Clowes & Shaver at this conference). In this paper we describe the first results of a three-dimensional self-clustering analysis of ∼ 1100 “high-probability” candidates occupying the assigned-redshift band of 1.8 to 2.4. Although the analysis is sensitive to very weak clustering we find no evidence that quasars are distributed in any way other than randomly. The implications of this result are discussed.

Automatic Segmentation and Diagnosis Based on Multi-Scale Two-Stage Region Growing and Skeleton Extraction for Vessel Stenosis in Coronary Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
Wu Deng ◽  
Kai Luo ◽  
Qinke Shi ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Ning Ning
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Hessian Matrix ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Vessel Segmentation ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Skeleton Extraction ◽  
Seed Point ◽  
Automatic Diagnosis ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Vessel Stenosis

Although great progress has been made in vessel segmentation, the existing methods still can not accurately segment small vessels. A novel vessel segmentation and automatic diagnosis in coronary angiography image was proposed. During vessel segmentation, a new vessel function based on Hessian matrix was put forward. Then the vessel contour was extracted by the dual-stage region growing with automatic selection of seed point. Next, the automatic diagnosis was realized by vessel skeleton extraction, skeleton point search and diameter measurement. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed vessel segmentation can extract the main branch contour accurately and have a good effect on the enhancement and segmentation of small vessels. The automatic diagnosis of vessel stenosis is fast. With a relatively accurate diagnosis result, it can provide a good reference and quantitative basis for the final judgment of the doctor.

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