scholarly journals Using Diaper Waste to Prepare Magnetic Catalyst for the Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jincan Wang ◽  
Yong Liang ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Patrick U. Okoye ◽  
Hongxu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Property ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Magnetic Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Separation ◽  
Different Temperatures

Diaper waste was calcined above 400°C after impregnated in the solution of nickel nitrate. The as-prepared diaper waste-derived materials were used as magnetic catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC). Structure and catalytic ability investigations on the catalysts calcined at different temperatures indicated that calcination temperature was an important factor affecting the property of catalysts. It was found that the catalyst obtained at the calcination temperature of 700°C (named DW-Ni-700) showed the best performance. When DW-Ni-700 was used in the synthesis of GC, GC yield reached 93.2%, and the magnetic property of DW-Ni-700 facilitated the catalyst separation process. Meanwhile, DW-Ni-700 showed high reusability in the reaction. After four times reuse of DW-Ni-700, GC yield decreased less than 4%.

Microwave wide band absorption by carbon from Corn cob-1

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4204-4212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheshwar Sharon ◽  
Ritesh Vishwakarma ◽  
Abhijeet Rajendra Phatak ◽  
Golap Kalita ◽  
Nallin Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Band Absorption ◽  
5 Ghz

Corn cob, an agricultural waste, is paralyzed at different temperatures (700oC, 800oC and 900oC). Microwave absorption of carbon in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 8 GHz is reported. Carbon activated  with 5%  nickel nitrate showed more than 90% absorption of microwave in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8 GHz, while carbon activated  with 10% Nickel nitrate treated corn cob showed 90% absorption  in the frequency range of 2.5 GHz to 5 GHz. Carbon showing the best absorption are characterized by XRD, Raman spectra and SEM . It is suggested that corn cob treatment   alone with KOH did not improve the microwave absorption, whereas treatment along with nickel nitrate improved the absorption property much better. It is proposed that treatment with nickel nitrate helps in creating suitable pores in carbon   which improved the absorption behavior because while treating carbon with 1N HCl helps to leach out nickel creating equivalent amount of pores in the carbon.

Effect of calcination temperature on the morphology and catalytic properties of ZnO nanostructures fabricated from a chiral precursor for photodegradation of both cationic and anionic dyes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shradha Gandhi ◽  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Different Temperatures

Diverse ZnO nanostructures (ZnO_1 to ZnO_3) were synthesized by direct calcination of a chiral MOF precursor {[Zn4(µ3-OH)2(D-2,4-cbs)2(H2O)4].5H2O}n (Zn-CBS) at three different temperatures 600, 700 and 800 oC, respectively. On the...

Effect of calcination temperature on the microstructure of vanadium nitride/nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposites as anode materials in electrochemical capacitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Liu ◽  
Fengfan Li ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene

VN/N-doped graphene nanocomposites have been fabricated by an in situ pyrolysis method at different temperatures for supercapacitors.

Effect of Annealing Temperature of CoCr2O4 on Structural and Vibrational Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Joshi ◽  
Pallavi Saxena ◽  
M. D. Varshney ◽  
V. N. Rai ◽  
A. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Disorder Effect ◽  
High Calcination Temperature

CoCr2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by low-temperature sol–gel auto combustion method. In this paper, we have investigated the structural behavior of CoCr2O4 nanoparticles annealed at two different temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C). From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of CoCr2O4, we have found that there is no change in crystalline structure and it was indexed in the cubic spinel structure with space group Fd3m. It was observed that average crystallite size increases with calcination temperature. High calcination temperature reduced the noise level and enhanced the accuracy of calculated parameters. For both the samples of CoCr2O4, we observed Raman scattering modes at around 471, 516, 539, 561, 590, 626 and 688 cm–1. The additional modes in vibrational spectra appear due to the disorder effect.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Carbonaceous Nanomaterial-Assisted Photocatalysts Calcined at Different Temperatures for Indoor Air Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Kuen Jo ◽  
Kun-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Carbonaceous Nanomaterial

This study examined the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of multiwall carbon nanotube-assisted TiO2(MWNT-TiO2) nanocomposites calcined at different temperatures to assess their potential indoor air applications. It was confirmed that the composites calcined at low temperatures (300 and 400°C) contained TiO2nanoparticles bound intimately to the MWNT networks. Meanwhile, almost no MWNTs were observed when the calcination temperature was increased to 500 and 600°C. The MWNT-TiO2composites calcined at low temperatures showed higher photocatalytic decomposition efficiencies for aromatic hydrocarbons at indoor concentrations than those calcined at high temperatures. The mean efficiencies for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) by the composite calcined at 300°C were 32, 70, 79, and 79%, respectively, whereas they were 33, 71, 78, and 78% for the composite calcined at 400°C, respectively. In contrast, the efficiencies decreased to close to zero when the calcination temperature was increased to 600°C. Moreover, the MWNT-TiO2exhibited superior photocatalytic performance for the decomposition efficiencies compared to TiO2under conventional UV-lamp irradiations. Consequently, these carbonaceous nanomaterial-assisted photocatalysts can be applied effectively to indoor air applications depending upon the calcination temperature.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Morphological and Phase Structure of Hydrothermally Synthesized Copper Ion Doped TiO2 Nanotubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hasmizam Razali ◽  
M.N. Ahmad-Fauzi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electronmicroscopy ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Uniform Diameter

Morphological evolution and phase transformations of copper ion doped TiO2nanotubes after being calcined at different temperatures were studied by field emission scanning electronmicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. After calcination at 300°C, the nanotubes with uniform diameter and length wereobtained. At 400°C, the nanotube structures were maintained. Nevertheless the inner tube diameter became narrower, and in same instances disappeared due to aggregation of nanotubes. The copper ion doped TiO2nanotubes then transformed to nanorodsat 500°C and the length of the nanorodsshortens after calcination at 600 °C. When the calcination temperature was further increased to 700°C, the nanorodsdisintegrate to form nanoparticles. On the other hand the phase structures of copper ion doped TiO2nanotubes calcined at 300 and 400 °C were TiO2hexagonal. After calcined at higher temperature (600 and 700°C) they transformed to anatase TiO2(tetragonal).

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Al2O3/GdAlO3 Compound Powder Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Compound Powder ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Co Precipitation

A Coprecipitation Method Was Applied to Synthesize Al2O3/GdAlO3 Compound Powder, Using Ammonia as the Precipitator. Gadolinium Oxide and Aluminium Nitrate Were Used as the Raw Materials with the Eutectic Ratio( 77 mol% Al 3+ – 23 mol% Gd 3+ ). the Precursor Was Calcined at Different Temperatures from 1200 to 1600 °C. the Phase Identifications at Different Temperatures Were Characterized by X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). the Growth Morphology of Particles Were Investigated Using Field Emission Electro Microscopy (FE-SEM). the Results Reveal that GdAlO3 Crystallized Earlier than α-Al2O3. the Diffraction Peaks of α-Al2O3 Phase Were Observed after Calcination at 1300°C for 1 H. Metastable Phase Gd3Al5O12 Underwent Complete Decomposition at 1600°C for 1 H. Gadolinium Aluminate and α-Al2O3 Showed Different Growth Mechanism during the Calcination Process. the Average Grain Size of the Calcined Powder Increased from ~40 to ~900 Nm as the Calcination Temperature Increased from 1200 to 1600 °C.

Calcination temperature-dependent surface structure and physicochemical properties of magnesium oxide

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (105) ◽  
pp. 86102-86112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Yajun Zheng ◽  
Xiaoqin Feng ◽  
Xiaoxiao Han ◽  
Zongquan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Different Temperatures

The electrochemical performance of MgO particles is highly dependent on their crystal structures resulting from calcination at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Defibration mechanisms and energy consumption in the grinding zone – a lab scale equipment and method to evaluate groundwood pulping tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Heldin ◽  
Urban Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Robust Testing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Grinding Stones ◽  
Grinding Tool ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Cost

AbstractGroundwood pulping is a process that employs large machines, making them difficult to use in research. Lab scale grinders exist, but even though they are smaller, the sizes of the grinding stones or segments make them cumbersome to exchange and tailor. This study presents a method and an apparatus for investigating the detailed mechanisms and the energy requirements behind the fibre separation process. A well-defined grinding tool was used at three different temperatures to demonstrate that the equipment can differentiate levels of energy consumption and defibration rates, confirming the well-known fact that a higher temperature facilitates defibration. It is also shown how the equipment can be used to study the influence of grinding parameters, exemplified by the effect of temperature on the way fibres are separated and the character of the produced fibres. A key feature of the equipment is the use and evaluation of small grinding surfaces, more readily designed, produced, evaluated and studied. This reduces both the cost and time necessary for testing and evaluating. At the same time, a technique to produce well defined grinding surfaces was employed, which is necessary for repeatability and robust testing, not achievable with traditional grinding stones.

Effects of Calcination Temperature on Electrospun Silica Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttaya Pramuansub ◽  
Piyada Jittangprasert ◽  
Panitarn Wanakamol
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Silica Fibers ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Viscous Solution ◽  
Long Fibers

Silica fibers have been fabricated via sol-gel reaction and electrospinning. The precursor solution was prepared from tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol and aqueous hydrochloric acid. The viscous solution was electrospun at 15kV applied voltage and 20 cm tip-to-collector distance. The process yielded nonwoven sheet of silica fibers with good mechanical integrity. The silica fiber specimens were calcined at different temperatures: 400°C, 600°C and 800°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation reveals smooth and long fibers with average diameter below 0.5μm for all samples, both as spun and calcined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra show effects of calcination temperature on chemical structure of the fibers. Calcination results in the removal of organic residuals and leaving mostly silica content

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document