scholarly journals Enabling Microparticle Imprinting to Achieve Penetration and Local Endurance in the Peritoneum via High-Intensity Ultrasound (HIUS) for the Treatment of Peritoneal Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agata Mikolajczyk ◽  
Tanja Khosrawipour ◽  
Alice Martino ◽  
Joanna Kulas ◽  
Marek Pieczka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strontium Aluminate ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction. Micro- and nanoparticles, with their submicron size, the versatility of physical and chemical properties, and easily modifiable surface, are uniquely positioned to bypass the body’s clearing systems. Nonetheless, two main problems with micro- and nanoparticles arise which limit the intraperitoneal application. The study was performed to evaluate whether HIUS enables the imprinting of microparticles and, therefore, enhances penetration and local endurance in the peritoneum. Methods. High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) at 20 kilohertz with an output power of 70 W was applied on peritoneal tissue samples from fresh postmortem swine for different time intervals. Before the HIUS application, the surface of the samples was covered with strontium aluminate microparticles before analysis via electron microscopy. In-tissue strontium aluminate penetration and particle distribution size were measured using fluorescence microscopy on frozen thin sections. Results. With increasing HIUS durations (1 versus 5 minutes), increasing strontium aluminate particles were detected in the peritoneum. HIUS leads to a particle selection process with enhancing predominantly the penetration of smaller particles whereas larger particles had a harder time penetrating the peritoneum. Smaller particles were detected up to 277 µm ± 86 µm into the peritoneum. Conclusion. Our data indicate that HIUS might be used as a method to prepare the peritoneal tissue for micro- and nanoparticles. Higher tissue penetration rates without the increase and longer local endurance of the applied substance could be reached. More studies need to be performed to analyze the effect of HIUS in enhancing intraperitoneal drug applications.

scholarly journals Increased Tissue Penetration of Doxorubicin in Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) after High-Intensity Ultrasound (HIUS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veria Khosrawipour ◽  
Sören Reinhard ◽  
Alice Martino ◽  
Tanja Khosrawipour ◽  
Mohamed Arafkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue

Background. High‐intensity ultrasound (HIUS) has been studied for the past two decades as a new therapeutic option for solid tumor direct treatment and a method for better chemotherapy delivery and perfusion. This treatment approach has not been tested to our knowledge in peritoneal metastatic therapy, where limited tissue penetration of intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been a main problem. Both liquid instillations and pressurized aerosols are affected by this limitation. This study was performed to evaluate whether HIUS improves chemotherapy penetration rates. Methods. High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) was applied for 0, 5, 30, 60, 120, and 300 seconds on the peritoneal tissue samples from fresh postmortem swine. Samples were then treated with doxorubicin via pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) under 12 mmHg and 37°C temperature. Tissue penetration of doxorubicin was measured using fluorescence microscopy on frozen thin sections. Results. Macroscopic structural changes, identified by swelling of the superficial layer of the peritoneal surface, were observed after 120 seconds of HIUS. Maximum doxorubicin penetration was significantly higher in peritoneum treated with HIUS for 300 seconds, with a depth of 962.88 ± 161.4 μm (p < 0.05). Samples without HIUS had a penetration depth of 252.25 ± 60.41. Tissue penetration was significantly increased with longer HIUS duration, with up to 3.8-fold increased penetration after 300 sec of HIUS treatment. Conclusion. Our data indicate that HIUS may be used as a method to prepare the peritoneal tissue for intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Higher tissue penetration rates can be achieved without increasing chemotherapy concentrations and preventing structural damage to tissue using short time intervals. More studies need to be performed to analyze the effect of HIUS in combination with intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Micro-Ribbons and Micro-Wires Silica Synthesis Using Bottom-Top Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Marwa Nabil ◽  
Hussien A. Motaweh
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
One Step ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sonication Technique ◽  
Silica Synthesis ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Silica is one of the most important materials used in many industries. The basic factor on which the selection process depends is the structural form, which is dependent on the various physical and chemical properties. One of the common methods in preparing pure silica is that it needs more than one stage to ensure the preparation process completion. The goal of this research is studying the nucleation technique (Bottom-top) for micro-wires and micro-ribbons silica synthesis. The silica nanoand microstructures are prepared using a duality (one step); a combination of alkali chemical etching process {potassium hydroxide (3 wt %) and n-propanol (30 Vol %)} and the ultra-sonication technique. In addition, the used materials in the preparation process are environmentally friendly materials that produce no harmful residues. The powder product is characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectrum and SEM for determining the shape of architectures. The most significant factor of the nucleation mechanism is the sonication time of silica powder production during the dual technique. The product stages are as follows; silica nanoparticles (21-38 nm), nanoclusters silica (46 – 67 nm), micro-wires silica (1.17 – 6.29 μm), and micro-ribbons silica (19.4 – 54.1 μm). It's allowing for use in environmental applications (multiple wastewater purification, multiple uses in air filters, as well as many industrial applications).

Preparing the peritoneal surface for intraperitoneal chemotherapy using high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS): Investigation of technical feasibility, safety and possible limitations.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16045-e16045
Author(s):  
Veria Khosrawipour ◽  
Piotr Frelkiewicz ◽  
Sören Reinhard ◽  
Jakub Nicpon ◽  
Tanja Khosrawipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Peritoneal Surface

e16045 Background: The penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into metastatic peritoneal nodules remains at levels well below 1 mm, thus significantly limiting the antitumor effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC). Recently, high-Intensity ultrasound (HIUS) has been discovered as a potential tool to improve peritoneal diffusion rates. Despite promising preliminary data, basic aspects regarding its technical feasibility, safety and possible limitations remain unclear. This study aims to enhance our current understanding of HIUS and test its applicability using an ex-vivo swine model. Methods: Three postmortem swine were subject to laparotomy with consecutive lavage with 0.9%NaCl saline and HIUS application. For this purpose, a large HIUS radiating pen was introduced into the abdominal cavity and HIUS was applied on two of the four abdominal quadrants for 300 seconds each at an output power of 70 W, 50 % amplitude and 20 kHz frequency. Following the procedure, small intestinal tissue samples were removed for further analyses. Results: In all specimen, peritoneal and subperitoneal layers showed structural changes only visible on a microscopic level. The peritoneal layer was transformed into a mash-like structure while the subperitoneal layer (depth of 142 +/- 28 µm) exhibited microcavities and vascular detachment from surrounding tissues. No bowel rupture or vascular perforations were observed. Conclusions: Our data indicate that HIUS is a technically feasible add-on procedure for IPC with measurable microscopic changes on the peritoneal surface and no apparent bowel toxicity. Pretreatment of the abdominal cavity with HIUS could significantly improve IPC efficacy. Further studies are required to optimize and evaluate this novel approach.

scholarly journals Effect of homogenization and ultrasonication on the physical properties of insoluble wheat bran fibres

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Hu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Benu Adhikari ◽  
Yaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding

AbstractWheat bran is rich in dietary fibre and its annual output is abundant, but underutilized. Insoluble dietary fibre often influences food quality negatively; therefore, how to improve the physical and chemical properties of insoluble dietary fibre of wheat bran for post processing is a challenge. Insoluble dietary fibre was obtained from wheat bran and micronized using high-pressure homogenization, high-intensity sonication, and a combination of these two methods. The high-pressure homogenization and high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication treatments significantly (p<0.05) improved the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, and cation exchange capacities. The improvement of the above properties by high-intensity sonication alone was marginal. In most cases, the high-pressure homogenization process was as good as the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process in improving the above-mentioned properties; hence, the contribution of high-`intensity sonication in the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process was minimal. The best results show that the minimum particle size of wheat bran can reach 9 μm, and the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, cation exchange capacities change significantly.

scholarly journals The structural effect of high intensity ultrasound on peritoneal tissue: a potential vehicle for targeting peritoneal metastases

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Mikolajczyk ◽  
Tanja Khosrawipour ◽  
Joanna Kulas ◽  
Pawel Migdal ◽  
Mohamed Arafkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Peritoneal Metastases ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue

scholarly journals IR Features of Hydrous Mg2SiO4-Ringwoodite, Unannealed and Annealed at 200–600 °C and 1 atm, with Implications to Hydrogen Defects and Water-Coupled Cation Disorder

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Zhaoyang Sui ◽  
Hongzhan Fei ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Yunlu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Expansivity ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cation Disorder ◽  
Hydrogen Defects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Three batches of Mg2SiO4-ringwoodites (Mg-Rw) with different water contents (CH2O = ~1019(238), 5500(229) and 16,307(1219) ppm) were synthesized by using conventional high-P experimental techniques. Thirteen thin sections with different thicknesses (~14–113 μm) were prepared from them and examined for water-related IR peaks using unpolarized infrared spectra at ambient P-T conditions, leading to the observation of 15 IR peaks at ~3682, 3407, 3348, 3278, 3100, 2849, 2660, 2556, 2448, 1352, 1347, 1307, 1282, 1194 and 1186 cm−1. These IR peaks suggest multiple types of hydrogen defects in hydrous Mg-Rw. We have attributed the IR peaks at ~3680, 3650–3000 and 3000–2000 cm−1, respectively, to the hydrogen defects [VSi(OH)4], [VMg(OH)2MgSiSiMg] and [VMg(OH)2]. Combining these IR features with the chemical characteristics of hydrous Rw, we have revealed that the hydrogen defects [VMg(OH)2MgSiSiMg] are dominant in hydrous Rw at high P-T conditions, and the defects [VSi(OH)4] and [VMg(OH)2] play negligible roles. Extensive IR measurements were performed on seven thin sections annealed for several times at T of 200–600 °C and quickly quenched to room T. They display many significant variations, including an absorption enhancement of the peak at ~3680 cm−1, two new peaks occurring at ~3510 and 3461 cm−1, remarkable intensifications of the peaks at ~3405 and 3345 cm−1 and significant absorption reductions of the peaks at ~2500 cm−1. These phenomena imply significant hydrogen migration among different crystallographic sites and rearrangement of the O-H dipoles in hydrous Mg-Rw at high T. From the IR spectra obtained for hydrous Rw both unannealed and annealed at high T, we further infer that substantial amounts of cation disorder should be present in hydrous Rw at the P-T conditions of the mantle transition zone, as required by the formation of the hydrogen defects [VMg(OH)2MgSiSiMg]. The Mg-Si disorder may have very large effects on the physical and chemical properties of Rw, as exampled by its disproportional effects on the unit-cell volume and thermal expansivity.

scholarly journals Workflow model for the digitization of mudrocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Buckman ◽  
Carol Mahoney ◽  
Shereef Bankole ◽  
Gary Couples ◽  
Helen Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Workflow Model ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
High Resolution Analysis ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractMudrocks are highly heterogeneous in a range of physical and chemical properties, including: porosity and permeability, fissility, colour, particle composition, size, orientation, carbon loading, degree of compaction, and diagenetic overprint. It is therefore important that the maximum information be extracted as efficiently and completely as possible. This can be accomplished through high-resolution analysis of polished thin sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the collection of large-area images and X-ray elemental map montages, and the application of targeted particle analysis. A workflow model, based on these techniques, for the digitization of mudrocks is presented herein. A range of the data that can be collected and the variety of analyses that can be achieved are also illustrated. Data collection is discussed in terms of inherent problems with acquisition, storage, transfer and manipulation, which can be time-consuming and non-trivial. Similar information and resolutions can be achieved through other techniques, such as QEMSCAN and infra-red (IR)/Raman spectroscopic mapping. These can be seen as complementary to the workflow described herein.

Laboruntersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Mauer· und Ausfugemörtel und den Mauersteinen / Laboratory Studies of the Interaction between Bedding and Pointing Mortars and Building Stones

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pavía Santamaría ◽  
J. R. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The physical and chemical properties of bedding and pointing mortars have a major influence on the nature, rate and extent of decay of pointed stonework. Specially designed mortars can prevent physical damage and greatly reduce chemical and biological decay in both the mortars themselves and the adjacent stones. This study describes the physical and chemico-mineralogical changes that occur in a number of different stone-mortar combinations. Three types of mortar were designed and fabricated in the laboratory in accordance with [1,2]. These were examined in combination with Leinster granite, Portland limestone and Baumberger sandstone by exposing standard samples comprised of two pieces of stone 5 cm χ 5 cm χ 5 cm separated by a 5 mm mortar filled joint to artificial ageing tests in a chamber. Thin sections were examined to determine what changes had taken place in the stone and the mortar. The physical properties of the stones and mortars were determined separately. The lime mortar, though chemically well matched with the limestone and sandstone, proved to be unsuitable because of loss of cohesion. The resultant microcracking, detected by pétrographie microscope, appeared to be caused by shrinkage during drying rather than by carbonation or cycling-alteration processes. Granite-lime mortar combinations showed low adherence and decreased durability of the mortar. This effect may be the result of the greatly differing physical properties of the lime mix and granite. The ageing tests revealed a high durability in the cement mixes. The study demonstrated the suitability of cement content mortars with poorly sorted aggregate and plasticiser for bedding and pointing in granite stonework. They also illustrated the need for care with the design of lime mortar mixes to ensure adequate binder-aggregate adhesion.

scholarly journals The Mladotice Lake, western Czechia: The unique genesis and evolution of the lake basin

Geografie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumír Janský ◽  
Achim Schulte ◽  
Julius Česák ◽  
Vanessa Rios Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sediment Stratigraphy ◽  
Collective Farming ◽  
Average Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Mladotice Lake is a lake of unique genetic type in Czechia. In May 1872 a landslide as a result an extreme rainfall event occurred in western Czechia, blocking the Mladotický stream valley and creating the Mladotice Lake. The 1952 and 1975 air images document that collective farming had a great impact on the lake basin evolution when balks and field terraces were removed and fields were made much larger. Because of this change in land use we expected higher soil erosion and a related increase in the sedimentation rate. First bathymetric measurements of the newly created lake were carried out in 1972 and were repeated in 1999 and in 2003. Our analysis of the sedimentary record aims to identify the sediment stratigraphy, its basic physical and chemical properties, isotope content and thin sections yield a detailed temporal resolution of the sedimentation chronology. In some areas a sediment thickness of 4 m was detected. Hence, the average sedimentation rate is from 2.2 to 2.7 cm per year.

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