Workflow model for the digitization of mudrocks

AbstractMudrocks are highly heterogeneous in a range of physical and chemical properties, including: porosity and permeability, fissility, colour, particle composition, size, orientation, carbon loading, degree of compaction, and diagenetic overprint. It is therefore important that the maximum information be extracted as efficiently and completely as possible. This can be accomplished through high-resolution analysis of polished thin sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the collection of large-area images and X-ray elemental map montages, and the application of targeted particle analysis. A workflow model, based on these techniques, for the digitization of mudrocks is presented herein. A range of the data that can be collected and the variety of analyses that can be achieved are also illustrated. Data collection is discussed in terms of inherent problems with acquisition, storage, transfer and manipulation, which can be time-consuming and non-trivial. Similar information and resolutions can be achieved through other techniques, such as QEMSCAN and infra-red (IR)/Raman spectroscopic mapping. These can be seen as complementary to the workflow described herein.

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Analysis of Basic Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Manganese Slag before and after Solidification and Its Feasibility as Highway Slope

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14195530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 5530

Author(s):

Meng Chen ◽

Jianming Wei ◽

Runhua Zhang ◽

Lipei Jia ◽

Qiqi Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construction Projects ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Particle Analysis ◽

Material Strength ◽

X Ray ◽

Electrolytic Manganese ◽

Manganese Slag ◽

Physical And Chemical

Manganese slag is a kind of industrial waste produced by electrolytic production of manganese metal. The traditional method of stacking manganese slag not only causes waste of resources, but also produces environmental pollution. Finding harmless, effective, and economical disposal technology of manganese slag has gradually become a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of electrolytic manganese industry and environmental protection. To verify the feasibility of using manganese slag as roadbed material, the basic physical and chemical properties of manganese slag were analyzed based on X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrum, SEM scanning electron microscope, and particle analysis, the basic engineering characteristics of raw materials of manganese slag and solidified manganese slag mixed with quicklime were analyzed through a compaction test and a CBR test. Finally, based on the Monte Carlo method, the stability of a highway slope in the Guizhou Province of China is simulated by the finite element method, considering the spatial variability of manganese slag material strength parameters. The results show that the solidified manganese slag material can be used as highway subgrade material. This study has important reference significance for manganese slag highway construction projects.

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IR Features of Hydrous Mg2SiO4-Ringwoodite, Unannealed and Annealed at 200–600 °C and 1 atm, with Implications to Hydrogen Defects and Water-Coupled Cation Disorder

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10060499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 499 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xi Liu ◽

Zhaoyang Sui ◽

Hongzhan Fei ◽

Wei Yan ◽

Yunlu Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Thermal Expansivity ◽

Absorption Enhancement ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Cation Disorder ◽

Hydrogen Defects ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Water Contents ◽

And Chemical Properties

Three batches of Mg2SiO4-ringwoodites (Mg-Rw) with different water contents (CH2O = ~1019(238), 5500(229) and 16,307(1219) ppm) were synthesized by using conventional high-P experimental techniques. Thirteen thin sections with different thicknesses (~14–113 μm) were prepared from them and examined for water-related IR peaks using unpolarized infrared spectra at ambient P-T conditions, leading to the observation of 15 IR peaks at ~3682, 3407, 3348, 3278, 3100, 2849, 2660, 2556, 2448, 1352, 1347, 1307, 1282, 1194 and 1186 cm−1. These IR peaks suggest multiple types of hydrogen defects in hydrous Mg-Rw. We have attributed the IR peaks at ~3680, 3650–3000 and 3000–2000 cm−1, respectively, to the hydrogen defects [VSi(OH)4], [VMg(OH)2MgSiSiMg] and [VMg(OH)2]. Combining these IR features with the chemical characteristics of hydrous Rw, we have revealed that the hydrogen defects [VMg(OH)2MgSiSiMg] are dominant in hydrous Rw at high P-T conditions, and the defects [VSi(OH)4] and [VMg(OH)2] play negligible roles. Extensive IR measurements were performed on seven thin sections annealed for several times at T of 200–600 °C and quickly quenched to room T. They display many significant variations, including an absorption enhancement of the peak at ~3680 cm−1, two new peaks occurring at ~3510 and 3461 cm−1, remarkable intensifications of the peaks at ~3405 and 3345 cm−1 and significant absorption reductions of the peaks at ~2500 cm−1. These phenomena imply significant hydrogen migration among different crystallographic sites and rearrangement of the O-H dipoles in hydrous Mg-Rw at high T. From the IR spectra obtained for hydrous Rw both unannealed and annealed at high T, we further infer that substantial amounts of cation disorder should be present in hydrous Rw at the P-T conditions of the mantle transition zone, as required by the formation of the hydrogen defects [VMg(OH)2MgSiSiMg]. The Mg-Si disorder may have very large effects on the physical and chemical properties of Rw, as exampled by its disproportional effects on the unit-cell volume and thermal expansivity.

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Exfoliating silica bilayers via intercalation at the silica/transition metal interface

Nanotechnology ◽

10.1088/1361-6528/ac4351 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengen Wang ◽

Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik ◽

Deyu Lu

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Molecular Sieves ◽

Density Functional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Large Area ◽

Surface Protection ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Chemical Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Novel Applications ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract The growth of the silica (SiO2) bilayer (BL) films on transition metal (TM) surfaces creates a new class of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline, self-contained materials that interact weakly with the TM substrate. The BL-silica/TM heterojunction has shown unique physical and chemical properties that can lead to new chemical reaction mechanisms under the sub-nm confinement and broad potential applications ranging from surface protection, nano transistors, molecular sieves to nuclear waste removal. Novel applications of BL-silica can be further explored as a constituent of van der Waals assembly of 2D materials. Key to these applications is an unmet technical challenge to exfoliate and transfer BL-silica films in a large area from one substrate to another without material damage. In this study, we propose a new exfoliation mechanism based on gas molecule intercalation from density functional theory studies of the BL-silica/TM heterojunction. We found that the intercalation of O atoms and CO molecules at the BL-silica/TM interface weakens the BL-silica – TM hybridization, which results in an exponential decrease of the exfoliation energy against the interface distance, as the coverage of interfacial species increases. This new intercalation mechanism opens up the opportunity for non-damaging exfoliation and transfer of large area silica bilayers.

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Practice of Using Fire-safety Sleeve for Free Flow Conduits of the Engineering Systems Made of Polymer Materials

Occupational Safety in Industry ◽

10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-66-72 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

A.V. Pekhotikov ◽

◽

B.B. Kolchev ◽

P.A. Visloguzov ◽

D.V. Belyaev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fire Safety ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Free Flow ◽

Building Structures ◽

Large Area ◽

Liner Material ◽

Fire Spreading ◽

Physical And Chemical

To exclude the possibility of fire spreading through the utility lines of buildings and structures, various technical means are used that meet the normative established characteristics. As part of the intersection nodes of the enclosing building structures of sewage and water disposal systems, fire-safety sleeves are used, which ensure the limit of fire spreading to adjacent rooms through the node crossed by the pipeline. The use of fire-safety sleeves for these utility lines is only possible for free flow conduits of the systems made of polymer materials (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.). For different types of the pipelines, other technical solutions are used to limit the spread of fire. The principle of fire-safety sleeves operation is to completely cover the intersecting mounting opening of the building structure in the shortest possible time and prevent the transfer of flame and combustion products to adjacent rooms. The efficiency of the operation of fire-safety sleeve and the preservation of its fire-technical characteristics for a given time depends on the following factors: correct installation carried out in accordance with the established instructions; design of fire-safety sleeves; physical and chemical properties of the material used for thermally expanding sleeve liner; material of a polymer pipeline. Statistics of the conducted tests show that the maximum fire resistance limits are typical for intersection nodes with polymer pipelines having diameter from 32 to 110 mm. For the pipelines with a diameter of 160 mm and more, it is very difficult to achieve similar fire-technical characteristics due to the large area of the overlapping mounting openings and the increased inertia of a fire-safety sleeve actuation.

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Synthesis of Nano-Al with Fe2O3 Nanowires to Realize Core-Shell Composite Materials Arrays Based on Colloidal Templates

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.347 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 645-646 ◽

pp. 347-351

Author(s):

Si Min He ◽

Jin Chen ◽

Kuang Fang ◽

Zhi Qiang Qiao ◽

Jin Shan Li

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Colloidal Crystal ◽

Film Formation ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Single Layer ◽

Large Area ◽

Ordered Arrays ◽

Periodic Composite ◽

Physical And Chemical

Controlled composite materials arrays have been widely applied for their unique physical and chemical properties, with the aim of developing nanodevices functionality. Nanosphere lithography is a successful technique for fabricating highly ordered arrays of various materials. In this work, the polystyrene colloidal crystal template in large area on Si substrate was obtained via dipping method. The thickness of the single layer template fabricated can be precisely controlling the particle concentration and the film formation speed. The ordered arrays of Fe2O3 nanowires were obtained via convenient spin method on this template and heat treatment subsequently. Finally, the uniform Al/Fe2O3 arrays were produced by magnetron sputtering method. These periodic composite arrays cover large area substrates (of dimensions > 1 cm × 1 cm) and are uniform in terms of nanowire height and density. The arrays thickness and gaps between nanowires are easily controlled by either the diameter of colloidal crystal or the parameters of magnetron sputtering.

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Spectral Characterization of Macro-Heterocyclic Compound RhTMPyP / ZnTSPc

The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science ◽

10.35219/mms.2021.1.09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Liviu OLTEANU ◽

Rodica Mariana ION ◽

Sofia TEODORESCU ◽

Raluca Maria ŞTIRBESCU

Keyword(s):

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Supramolecular Assembly ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Raman Spectroscopic ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Ir And Raman ◽

And Chemical Properties

Macro-heterocyclic compounds, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, are being studied extensively for their important physical and chemical properties. Their ability to absorb light throughout the spectrum and self-organization being adequate for the realization of several applications. Investigations of the spectral properties of the supramolecular assembly RhTMPyP/ ZnTSPc- 5,10,15,20 rhodium tetramethyl-pyridyl porphyrin / 2,9,16,23 zinc tetrasulfonated-phthalocyanine are registered by UV-Vis, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic techniques.

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Enabling Microparticle Imprinting to Achieve Penetration and Local Endurance in the Peritoneum via High-Intensity Ultrasound (HIUS) for the Treatment of Peritoneal Metastasis

International Journal of Surgical Oncology ◽

10.1155/2020/9679385 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Agata Mikolajczyk ◽

Tanja Khosrawipour ◽

Alice Martino ◽

Joanna Kulas ◽

Marek Pieczka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Selection Process ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Strontium Aluminate ◽

High Intensity Ultrasound ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Peritoneal Tissue ◽

Physical And Chemical

Introduction. Micro- and nanoparticles, with their submicron size, the versatility of physical and chemical properties, and easily modifiable surface, are uniquely positioned to bypass the body’s clearing systems. Nonetheless, two main problems with micro- and nanoparticles arise which limit the intraperitoneal application. The study was performed to evaluate whether HIUS enables the imprinting of microparticles and, therefore, enhances penetration and local endurance in the peritoneum. Methods. High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) at 20 kilohertz with an output power of 70 W was applied on peritoneal tissue samples from fresh postmortem swine for different time intervals. Before the HIUS application, the surface of the samples was covered with strontium aluminate microparticles before analysis via electron microscopy. In-tissue strontium aluminate penetration and particle distribution size were measured using fluorescence microscopy on frozen thin sections. Results. With increasing HIUS durations (1 versus 5 minutes), increasing strontium aluminate particles were detected in the peritoneum. HIUS leads to a particle selection process with enhancing predominantly the penetration of smaller particles whereas larger particles had a harder time penetrating the peritoneum. Smaller particles were detected up to 277 µm ± 86 µm into the peritoneum. Conclusion. Our data indicate that HIUS might be used as a method to prepare the peritoneal tissue for micro- and nanoparticles. Higher tissue penetration rates without the increase and longer local endurance of the applied substance could be reached. More studies need to be performed to analyze the effect of HIUS in enhancing intraperitoneal drug applications.

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Laboruntersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Mauer· und Ausfugemörtel und den Mauersteinen / Laboratory Studies of the Interaction between Bedding and Pointing Mortars and Building Stones

Restoration of Buildings and Monuments ◽

10.1515/rbm-1997-5181 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 253-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Pavía Santamaría ◽

J. R. Bolton

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Major Influence ◽

Artificial Ageing ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Physical Damage ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Lime Mortar ◽

High Durability ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract The physical and chemical properties of bedding and pointing mortars have a major influence on the nature, rate and extent of decay of pointed stonework. Specially designed mortars can prevent physical damage and greatly reduce chemical and biological decay in both the mortars themselves and the adjacent stones. This study describes the physical and chemico-mineralogical changes that occur in a number of different stone-mortar combinations. Three types of mortar were designed and fabricated in the laboratory in accordance with [1,2]. These were examined in combination with Leinster granite, Portland limestone and Baumberger sandstone by exposing standard samples comprised of two pieces of stone 5 cm χ 5 cm χ 5 cm separated by a 5 mm mortar filled joint to artificial ageing tests in a chamber. Thin sections were examined to determine what changes had taken place in the stone and the mortar. The physical properties of the stones and mortars were determined separately. The lime mortar, though chemically well matched with the limestone and sandstone, proved to be unsuitable because of loss of cohesion. The resultant microcracking, detected by pétrographie microscope, appeared to be caused by shrinkage during drying rather than by carbonation or cycling-alteration processes. Granite-lime mortar combinations showed low adherence and decreased durability of the mortar. This effect may be the result of the greatly differing physical properties of the lime mix and granite. The ageing tests revealed a high durability in the cement mixes. The study demonstrated the suitability of cement content mortars with poorly sorted aggregate and plasticiser for bedding and pointing in granite stonework. They also illustrated the need for care with the design of lime mortar mixes to ensure adequate binder-aggregate adhesion.

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Sub-Micron Spatial Resolution in Far-Field Raman Imaging Using Positivity-Constrained Super-Resolution

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1177/0003702819832355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 902-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dominik J. Winterauer ◽

Daniel Funes-Hernando ◽

Jean-Luc Duvail ◽

Saïd Moussaoui ◽

Tim Batten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Raman Microscopy ◽

Raman Imaging ◽

Optical Diffraction ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Raman Spectroscopic ◽

Microscopy Data ◽

Physical And Chemical

Raman microscopy is a valuable tool for detecting physical and chemical properties of a sample material. When probing nanomaterials or nanocomposites the spatial resolution of Raman microscopy is not always adequate as it is limited by the optical diffraction limit. Numerical post-processing with super-resolution algorithms provides a means to enhance resolution and can be straightforwardly applied. The aim of this work is to present interior point least squares (IPLS) as a powerful tool for super-resolution in Raman imaging through constrained optimization. IPLS’s potential for super-resolution is illustrated on numerically generated test images. Its resolving power is demonstrated on Raman spectroscopic data of a polymer nanowire sample. Comparison to atomic force microscopy data of the same sample substantiates that the presented method is a promising technique for analyzing nanomaterial samples.

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