Laboruntersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Mauer· und Ausfugemörtel und den Mauersteinen / Laboratory Studies of the Interaction between Bedding and Pointing Mortars and Building Stones

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pavía Santamaría ◽  
J. R. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The physical and chemical properties of bedding and pointing mortars have a major influence on the nature, rate and extent of decay of pointed stonework. Specially designed mortars can prevent physical damage and greatly reduce chemical and biological decay in both the mortars themselves and the adjacent stones. This study describes the physical and chemico-mineralogical changes that occur in a number of different stone-mortar combinations. Three types of mortar were designed and fabricated in the laboratory in accordance with [1,2]. These were examined in combination with Leinster granite, Portland limestone and Baumberger sandstone by exposing standard samples comprised of two pieces of stone 5 cm χ 5 cm χ 5 cm separated by a 5 mm mortar filled joint to artificial ageing tests in a chamber. Thin sections were examined to determine what changes had taken place in the stone and the mortar. The physical properties of the stones and mortars were determined separately. The lime mortar, though chemically well matched with the limestone and sandstone, proved to be unsuitable because of loss of cohesion. The resultant microcracking, detected by pétrographie microscope, appeared to be caused by shrinkage during drying rather than by carbonation or cycling-alteration processes. Granite-lime mortar combinations showed low adherence and decreased durability of the mortar. This effect may be the result of the greatly differing physical properties of the lime mix and granite. The ageing tests revealed a high durability in the cement mixes. The study demonstrated the suitability of cement content mortars with poorly sorted aggregate and plasticiser for bedding and pointing in granite stonework. They also illustrated the need for care with the design of lime mortar mixes to ensure adequate binder-aggregate adhesion.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Elsa Ramalhosa ◽  
Arminda Lopes ◽  
Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

scholarly journals Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anshu Siwach ◽  
Siddhartha Kaushal ◽  
Ratul Baishya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of Arginine Enriched NaF Varnish: An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽  
Manikandan Ekambaram ◽  
Edward Lo ◽  
Cynthia Yiu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Stable Matrix

The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.

Targeted Alternation in Properties of Solid Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Material in Exposing to Nanosecond Laser Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Ivan S. Safronov ◽  
Alexander I. Ushakov
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Traditional Processing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

One of the most important purposes of materials science is the ability to govern the physical properties of materials characterized by different structures. The strength properties of nanostructured metal alloys do not always meet the exploitation requirements. The set of properties of such materials is stable within narrow limits: temperature, mechanical, and corrosion conditions. Traditional processing modes are ineffective for such materials. Attempts to use them often lead to the loss of unique physical and chemical properties. The most effective methods of processing such materials are associated with the use of laser radiation. The laser pulse has a number of features, including a complex effect on the surface layers of the material. Spot and short irradiation with high-energy rays can preserve the unique physical properties of samples as a whole and improve strength indicators without destroying the structure of the material as a whole.

Study of Relative Metallic Character of Noble Metals Cu, Ag and Au at Normal Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 1019 ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Priti Kumari ◽  
Kumar Saurav ◽  
Purushottam Poddar ◽  
Vijay Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Metallic Character ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The relative metallic character of noble metals, Cu, Ag & Au has been suggested by their physical and chemical properties. Their position in the metallic series is in the neighborhood of that of Li, Mg and Zn. These Metals are inferior of Li, Mg, Zn, Fe, Co and Ni in metallic character. Li, Mg, Zn, Fe, Co and Ni are inferior to Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Ba and Sr. The noble metals have simple metallic character in physical properties at normal temperatures.

scholarly journals Multiple linear and spatial regressions to estimate the influence of Latosol properties on black pepper productivity

2019 ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Waylson Zancanella Quartezani ◽  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Talita Aparecida Pletsch ◽  
Evandro Chaves de Oliveira ◽  
Sávio da Silva Berilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Physical And Chemical

There is little knowledge available on the best techniques for transferring spatial information such as stochastic interpolation and multivariate analyses for black pepper. This study applies multiple linear and spatial regression to estimate black pepper productivity based on physical and chemical properties of the soil. A multiple linear regression including all properties of a Latosol was performed and followed by variance analysis to verify the validity of the model. The adjusted variograms and data interpolation by kriging allowed the use of spatial multiple regression with the properties that were significant in the multiple linear regression. The forward stepwise method was used and the model was validated by the F-test. The influence of the Latosol properties was greater than the residual on the prediction of productivity. The model was composed by the physical properties fine sand (FS), penetration resistance (PR), and Bulk density (BD), and by the chemical properties K, Ca, and Mg (except for Mg in the spatial regression). The physical properties were of greater relevance in determining productivity, and the maps estimated by ordinary kriging and predicted by the spatial multiple regression were very similar in shape.

scholarly journals The Physical Properties and The Extractive Content of Sugar Palm Stem (Arenga pinnata)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rudi Hartono ◽  
Muhdi ◽  
John Parulian Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of sugar palm. Physical properties include moisture content, density, and shrinkage from wet to dry oven chemical properties included of extractive solubility in cold and wet solutions. The samples were 15 years of age and originated from Sidikalang, Dairi district, North Sumatra. Three individual samples were taken and cut into 50 cm of length of three types of height namely base, middle, and end. The research was also conducted horizontally (edge, center, and at the core). The results of this study indicated that the average water content was 120.31-603.48%, the specific weight was 0.12-0.51 g/cm3, and the shrinkage from wet to dry oven was 28.06-77.69%. The extractive solubility in cold water was 11.66-87.22%, while in hot water was 10-90%. Based on the specific weight/density obtained, the outer part or edge of the palm sugar was included in the strength classes IV and V.

scholarly journals Disentangling the Association of Corn Root Mycobiome With Plant Productivity and the Importance of Soil Physicochemical Balance in Shaping Their Relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saveetha Kandasamy ◽  
Nimalka Weerasuriya ◽  
Geetha Subramanian ◽  
R. Greg Thorn ◽  
Greg Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil bacteria and fungi are integral parts of healthy ecosystem functioning in production agriculture. The effects of fungal abundance and diversity on crop productivity is poorly understood. We sampled 10 corn farms at the V10 growth stage across southwestern Ontario, Canada, using aerial infrared imaging to identify zones of low and high productive corn plants. Roots and soils were sampled from low and high yield zones and soil physical and chemical properties were measured in conjunction with assessment of the root mycobiome communities using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 4 rRNA amplicons. Higher crop yields were associated with sites having greater fungal phylogenetic diversity and Fisher's α diversity. Indicator species associated with high and low yield sites within a farm could be identified but there were no shared fungal indicators of productivity differences across farms. Communities largely varied across locations despite crop genetics, demonstrating a major influence of soil texture and chemistry in shaping the mycobiome in a site-specific manner. Across all 4 primers, roots from high-yielding sites shared 35 major OTUs including Penicillium spp., Trichoderma, Chalara fungorum, and Gibellulopsis. Low-yielding sites shared 31 OTUs including Fusarium spp., Pythium, Setophoma terrestris, and Neonectria. Soil physical and chemical parameters that contributed to broad scale differences in yield and mycobiome diversity included: %clay, %sand, %phosphorus saturation, cation exchange capacity, aluminum, pH, iron, potassium, %moisture, organic matter, and chlorine. The results show the importance of physicochemical balance in shaping the relationship between root mycobiome and plant productivity.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Klutuk banana Leaves (Musa balbisiana Colla) Susu and Wulung Cultivars with its Potential as Antioxidant

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Safinta Nurindra Rahmadhia ◽  
Titisari Juwitningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Banana Leaf ◽  
Potential Use

Banana leaf is mostly used as food packaging materials. The most often used leaf of banana trees is from Klutuk banana. Its leaf is the broadest and most durable among other banana leaf cultivars. However, the research of potential use of Klutuk banana leaf has not much done. In this research, the physical and chemical properties of Klutuk banana leaves will be observed from the very top to the bottom of the tree. Physical properties explored from Klutuk banana leaves are tensile strength, elongation, thickness, and color of the leaf. The leaf then will be extracted using methanol so that its antioxidant properties can be known. The leaf from the third petiole of Klutuk banana susu and wulung cultivars, has the best physical properties, i.e., mechanical, color, and antioxidant activity properties, and is best to use as food packaging material. The most significant activity of antioxidant is found from the first shoot of Klutuk banana susu and wulung leaf cultivars.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIS DAN KIMIA PASTA GAMBIR SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Anwar Kasim ◽  
Yoli Sub’han ◽  
Netty Sri Indeswari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Water Soluble Substance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Storage Change

ABSTRACT Studying about the change of physical and chemical properties Gambir paste during 28 days was conducted in order to know the change primarily the chemical content and physical properties as storage consequences. Experimental design was used completely randomized design for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 days storage periods. Replication was two and as a control was used paste non treatment. F-test and T-Dunnet test were applicated for statistical analysis. The result indicated that treatment can not change physical properties but change the chemical properties gambir paste. The initial water contents of gambir paste was 72.26% and after 28 days storage 71.68%. Color of gambir paste was still yellow during storage. The initial non water soluble substance was 6.96% and after 28 days storage 4.69%. The initial non alcohol soluble substance was 14.83% and after 28 days storage 13.15%. The initial chatechin contents was 72.22% and after 28 days storage 65.38%. The initial tannin contents 38.68% and after 28 days storage 35.12%. Total ash content of gambir paste was 2.72%.   Keywords : gambir, paste, storage, change, properties

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