scholarly journals Quantitative Investigation of Hand Grasp Functionality: Thumb Grasping Behavior Adapting to Different Object Shapes, Sizes, and Relative Positions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Dong Ming
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Object Property ◽  
Thumb Movement ◽  
Hand Grasp ◽  
General Basis ◽  
Object Shapes ◽  
Thumb Motion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Postural Synergies

This paper is the first in the two-part series quantitatively modelling human grasp functionality and understanding the way human grasp objects. The aim is to investigate the thumb movement behavior influenced by object shapes, sizes, and relative positions. Ten subjects were requested to grasp six objects ( 3   shapes × 2   sizes ) in 27 different relative positions ( 3   X   deviation × 3   Y   deviation × 3   Z   deviation ). Thumb postures were investigated to each specific joint. The relative position ( X , Y , and Z deviation) significantly affects thumb opposition rotation (Rot) and flexion (interphalangeal (IP) and metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP)), while the object property (object shape and size) significantly affects thumb abduction/adduction (ABD) motion. Based on the F value, the Y deviation has the primary effects on thumb motion. When the Y deviation changing from proximal to distal, thumb opposition rotation (Rot) and flexion (IP and MCP joint) angles were increased and decreased, respectively. For principal component analysis (PCA) results, thumb grasp behavior can be accurately reconstructed by first two principal components (PCs) which variance explanation ratio reached 93.8% and described by the inverse and homodromous coordination movement between thumb opposition and IP flexion. This paper provides a more comprehensive understanding of thumb grasp behavior. The postural synergies can reproduce the anthropomorphic motion, reduce the robot hardware, and control dimensionality. All of these provide a more accurate and general basis for the design and control of the bionic thumb and novel wearable assistant robot, thumb function assessment, and rehabilitation.

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based Untargeted Metabolite and Lipid Analysis on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Plasma Samples.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Taşcı ◽  
Rahime Bedir Fındık ◽  
Meryem Kuru Pekcan ◽  
Ozan Kaplan ◽  
Mustafa Çelebier
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phenyl Alanine

Background: Metabolomics is one of the main areas to understand cellular process at molecular level by analyzing metabolites. In recent years metabolomics has been emerged as key tool to understand molecular basis of disease, find diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and develop new treatment opportunities and drug molecules. Objective: In this study, an untargeted metabolite and lipid analysis were performed to identify potential biomarkers on premature ovarian insufficiency plasma samples. 43 POI subject plasma samples were compared with 32 healthy subject plasma samples. Methods: Plasma samples were pooled and extracted using chloroform:methanol:water (3:3:1 v/v/v) mixture. Agilent 6530 LC/MS Q-TOF instrument equipped with ESI source was used for analysis. A C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 μM, 50 x 2.1 mm) was used for separation of metabolites and lipids. XCMS, an “R software” based freeware program, was used for peak picking, grouping and comparing the findings. Isotopologue Parameter Optimization (IPO) software was used in order to optimize XCMS parameters. The analytical methodology and data mining process were validated according to the literature. Results: 83 metabolite peaks and 213 lipid peaks were found to be in semi-quantitatively and statistically different (fold change >1.5, p <0.05) between the POI plasma samples and control subjects. Conclusion: According to the results, two groups were successfully separated through principal component analysis. Among the peaks, phenyl alanine, decanoyl-L-carnitine, 1-palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine and PC(O-16:0/2:0) were identified through auto MS/MS and matched with human metabolome database and proposed as plasma biomarker for POI and monitoring the patients in treatment period.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Development of Centralized and Distributed Stochastic Approximation Algorithm with Expanding Truncations

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Algorithm ◽  
Stochastic Approximation ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stochastic Approximation Algorithm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
Ode Method ◽  
Centralized Algorithm ◽  
And Control

The stochastic approximation algorithm (SAA), starting from the pioneer work by Robbins and Monro in 1950s, has been successfully applied in systems and control, statistics, machine learning, and so forth. In this paper, we will review the development of SAA in China, to be specific, the stochastic approximation algorithm with expanding truncations (SAAWET) developed by Han-Fu Chen and his colleagues during the past 35 years. We first review the historical development for the centralized algorithm including the probabilistic method (PM) and the ordinary differential equation (ODE) method for SAA and the trajectory-subsequence method for SAAWET. Then, we will give an application example of SAAWET to the recursive principal component analysis. We will also introduce the recent progress on SAAWET in a networked and distributed setting, named the distributed SAAWET (DSAAWET).

scholarly journals The Mathematics Learning Attributes Valued by Students in Eastern China

2020 ◽  
pp. 209653112093024
Author(s):  
Hengjun Tang ◽  
Wee Tiong Seah ◽  
Qiaoping Zhang ◽  
Weizhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Control ◽  
Senior High School Students

Purpose: Research has confirmed that students’ mathematics values significantly affect their mathematics learning. Accordingly, understanding how students’ values form and change, especially during different learning stages, is an important topic. Design/Approach/Methods: This study administered a questionnaire to investigate the values of primary, junior high, and senior high school students in Eastern China. A principal component analysis was conducted to investigate the factor structure of the students’ learning values. Then, paired sample t-tests were used to examine the differences in the two continuous categories ranking of each group, and a one-way analysis of variance with a Brown–Forsythe test was used to test the differences in the ranking of each dimension by the different grade-level groups. Findings: We found that students’ mathematics learning values consist of seven elements: culture, memorization, technology, objectism, practice, understanding, and control. Students placed different degrees of importance on these seven elements at different learning stages. Additionally, we found that junior high school is a critical period of change in students’ values. Originality/Value: These findings will be invaluable to teachers and educators as they reflect on their teaching approaches. Moreover, the findings that students’ values undergo changes in the course of their schooling are important information for educators seeking to foster students’ learning.

scholarly journals A Study On Financial Self-Efficacy During Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Sitangshu Khatua ◽  
◽  
Debdulal Dutta Roy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Financial Goal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Financial Self-efficacy is defined as a person’s observed capability to control his/her personal finances (Lapp, 2010; Postmus, 2011). It refers to one’s beliefs in the abilities to accomplish a financial goal or task. It is the “knowledge and ability to influence and control one’s financial matters” by Fox and Bartholomae (2008). Financial efficacy pattern of people during very critical moment is unknown. The world is experiencing one of the deepest recessions since the Great Depression in the 1930s owing to the novel coronavirus, World Bank President David Malpass has said, terming the COVID-19 pandemic a “catastrophic event” for many developing and the poorest countries. Aim of the study is to examine financial efficacy pattern of people during lockdown period for COVID-19. Data were collected through online mode using financial efficacy scale developed by authors for the study. Results of principal component analysis revealed that during lockdown, financial efficacy is more concerned with financial planning, planned payment and financial coping.

scholarly journals The phenotypic variations of multi-locus imprinting disturbances associated with maternal-effect variants of NLRP5 range from overt imprinting disorder to apparently healthy phenotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Sparago ◽  
Ankit Verma ◽  
Maria Grazia Patricelli ◽  
Laura Pignata ◽  
Silvia Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Imprinting Disorders ◽  
Imprinting Disorder ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background A subset of individuals affected by imprinting disorders displays multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID). MLID has been associated with maternal-effect variants that alter the maintenance of methylation at germline-derived differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) in early embryogenesis. Pedigrees of individuals with MLID also include siblings with healthy phenotype. However, it is unknown if these healthy individuals have MLID themselves or if their methylation patterns differ from those associated with imprinting disorders, and in general, if MLID affects the clinical phenotype. Methods We have investigated gDMR methylation by locus-specific and whole-genome analyses in a family with multiple pregnancy losses, a child with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and a further child with no clinical diagnosis of imprinting disorder or other pathologies. Results We detected MLID with different methylation profiles in the BWS-affected and healthy siblings. Whole-exome sequencing demonstrated the presence of novel loss-of-function variants of NLRP5 in compound heterozygosity in the mother. The methylation profiles of the two siblings were compared with those of other cases with MLID and control groups by principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, but while their patterns were clearly separated from those of controls, we were unable to cluster those associated with specific clinical phenotypes among the MLID cases. Conclusion The identification of two novel maternal-effect variants of NLRP5 associated with poly-abortivity and MLID adds further evidence to the role of this gene in the maintenance of genomic imprinting in early embryos. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that within these pedigrees, MLID can also be present in the progeny with healthy phenotype, indicating that some sort of compensation occurs between altered imprinted loci in these individuals. The analysis of larger cohorts of patients with MLID is needed to formulate more accurate epigenotype-phenotype correlations.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Approach for Discrimination and Quality Control of Natural and Commercial Fallopia multiflora Products in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thoa ◽  
Nguyen Hai Dang ◽  
Do Hoang Giang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Minh ◽  
Nguyen Tien Dat
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Fda Guidance ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
And Control

A precise HPLC-DAD-based quantification together with the metabolomics statistical method was developed to distinguish and control the quality of Fallopia multiflora, a popular medicinal material in Vietnam. Multivariate statistical methods such as hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were utilized to compare and discriminate six natural and twelve commercial samples. 2,3,4′,5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (THSG) (1), emodin (4), and the new compound 6-hydroxymusizin 8-O-α-D-apiofuranosyl-(1⟶6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) could be considered as important markers for classification of F. multiflora. Furthermore, seven phenolics were quantified that the variation in the contents of selected metabolites revealed the differences in the quality of natural and commercial samples. Recovery of the compounds from the analytes was more than 98%, while the limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.5 to 6.6 μg/ml and 1.5 to 19.8 μg/ml, respectively. The linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy satisfied the criteria FDA guidance on bioanalytical methods. Overall, this method is a promising tool for discrimination and quality assurance of F. multiflora products.

The Past and Future of Motor Learning and Control: What Is the Proper Level of Description and Analysis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard N. Zelaznik
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Motor Learning And Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Over the past 40 years the research area of motor learning and control has developed into a field closely aligned with information processing in neuroscience. The basic, implicit assumption is that motor learning and control is the domain of the brain. Several crucial studies and developments from the past and the present are presented and discussed that highlight this position. The future of following that current path is discussed. Then, the case is made that the control of movement is not just a brain process, and thus scientists in kinesiology need to study movement behavior at a coarser level of analysis. Motor control in kinesiology should use the Newell framework and thus should examine the nature of individual attributes, environmental information, and task constraints on learning and performance of motor skills.

Movement Behavior for Soldier Agents on a Virtual Battlefield

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Reece
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Topological Map ◽  
Hybrid Search ◽  
Individual Agent ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control

We have developed a movement behavior model for soldier agents who populate a virtual battlefield environment. Whereas many simulations have addressed human movement behavior before, none of them has comprehensively addressed realistic military movement at individual and unit levels. To design an appropriate movement behavior model, we found it necessary to elaborate all of the requirements on movement from the military tasks of interest, define a behavior architecture that encompasses all required movement tasks, select appropriate movement planning and control approaches in light of the requirements, and implement the planning and control algorithms with novel enhancements to achieve satisfactory results. The breadth of requirements in this problem domain makes simple behavior architectures inadequate and prevents any single planning approach from easily accomplishing all tasks. In our behavior architecture, a hierarchy of tasks is distributed over unit leaders and unit members. For movement planning, we use an A* search algorithm on a hybrid search space comprising a two-dimensional regular grid and a topological map; the plan produced is a series of waypoints annotated with posture and speed changes. Individuals control movement with reactive steering behaviors. The result is a system that can realistically plan and execute a variety of unit and individual agent movement tasks on a virtual battlefield.

scholarly journals Trace elements in scalp hair of leukaemia patients

Nukleonika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khuder ◽  
Mohammad Adel Bakir ◽  
Reem Hasan ◽  
Ali Mohammad ◽  
Khozama Habil
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Median Rank ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
And Control

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in scalp hair of leukaemia patients and healthy volunteers, using the optimised XRF method. Leukaemia hair samples were classifi ed corresponding to type, growth and age of the participants. The results showed that the studied trace elements (TEs) in both of leukaemia and control groups were positively skewed. In comparison with the control group, lower Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb and higher of Ni medians were found in all studied leukaemia patients. The median rank obtained by Mann-Whitney U-test revealed insignifi cant differences between the leukaemia patients subgroups and the controls. An exact probability (α < 0.05) associated with the U-test showed signifi cant differences between medians in leukaemia patients and controls groups for Pb (lymphatic/control, acute/control), Cu (lymphatic/control, chronic/control), Ni (lymphatic/control, chronic/control) and Fe (chronic/control). Very strong positive and negative correlations (r > 0.70) in the scalp hair of control group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn, Pb/Fe-Pb, Cu/Ni-Zn/Ni, Cu/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Fe-Zn/Cu, Pb/Ni-Ni and Ni/Fe-Pb/Ni, whereas only very strong positive ratios in the scalp hair of leukaemia patients group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn and Pb/Fe-Pb, all correlations were signifi cant at p < 0.05. Other strong and signifi cant correlations were also observed in scalp hair of both groups. Signifi cant differences between grouping of studied TEs in all classifi ed leukaemia groups and controls were found using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of PCA confi rmed that the type and the growth of leukaemia factors were more important in element loading than the age factor.

Multivariate Principal Component Analysis for Production and Energy Consumption of Cutter Suction Dredger

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 2211-2215
Author(s):  
Kai Kai Li ◽  
Huan Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Dimensional Reduction Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

Cutter suction dredgers perform a major part in the field of dredging engineering in harbors, fairways, and land reclamation. However, there are many parameters in cutter suction dredger operation so that it is difficult to guarantee the stability of production. In consideration of the issue of enormous parameters in dredging operation, mathematical dimensional reduction method which uses multivariate primary component analysis is proposed. The method can calculate the contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of each parameter and then select the principal components which influents the production and energy consumption. These parameters represent the majority of the original data information, while not interrelated with each other. The primary components can be used to guide the regulation and control of the parameters, reduce regulatory parameters and operational complexity and provide a theoretical basis for intelligent automation of dredging operations.

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