scholarly journals Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicological Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Timalsina ◽  
Hari Prasad Devkota ◽  
Deepti Bhusal ◽  
Khaga Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
The People ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. (Syn. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Lam.), belonging to the Rubiaceae family, is distributed in south Asian countries. It is used as a traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal and hepatic problems and as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. The main aim of this review is to collect and analyze the available scientific information on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of C. spinosa. The scientific information related to C. spinosa was collected from various resources and databases such as SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, and other databases. C. spinosa was found to be an important crude drug of the traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda. It was found to be used by the people of India as an alternative medicine, while the fruit of this plant was found to be used in dietary regimens as well. Active phytochemicals such as catunarosides, randianin, and several other saponins and triterpenoids possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. Many studies have been performed to isolate the active compounds; however, there is a need for more activity-guided isolation studies. Various in vitro studies showed promising results but there are not many studies related to mechanism of actions using animal models. Hence, future studies on C. spinosa should focus on correlating the traditional uses with active phytoconstituents and modern pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the New PDE7 Inhibitor – GRMS-55 and Lisofylline in Animal Models of Immune-Related Disorders: A PK/PD Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Świerczek ◽  
Krzysztof Pociecha ◽  
Marietta Ślusarczyk ◽  
Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa ◽  
Sebastian Baś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Pde Inhibitors ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Compounds

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the activity of two phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, namely GRMS-55 and racemic lisofylline ((±)-LSF)) in vitro and in animal models of immune-mediated disorders. Methods Inhibition of human recombinant (hr)PDEs and TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated whole rat blood by the studied compounds were assessed in vitro. LPS-induced endotoxemia, concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis, and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) animal models were used for in vivo evaluation. The potency of the investigated compounds was evaluated using PK/PD and PK/PD/disease progression modeling. Results GRMS-55 is a potent hrPDE7A and hrPDE1B inhibitor, while (±)-LSF most strongly inhibits hrPDE3A and hrPDE4B. GRMS-55 decreased TNF-alpha levels in vivo and CIA progression with IC50 of 1.06 and 0.26 mg/L, while (±)-LSF with IC50 of 5.80 and 1.06 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, GRMS-55 significantly ameliorated symptoms of ConA-induced hepatitis. Conclusions PDE4B but not PDE4D inhibition appears to be mainly engaged in anti-inflammatory activity of the studied compounds. GRMS-55 and (±)-LSF seem to be promising candidates for future studies on the treatment of immune-related diseases. The developed PK/PD models may be used to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potency of new compounds for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. (Menispermaceae): A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rajan Logesh ◽  
Niranjan Das ◽  
Anjana Adhikari-Devkota ◽  
Hari Prasad Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Traditional Uses

Background:Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. (Menispermaceae) is a perennial climber distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. The main aim of this article is to collect and analyze the scientific information related to traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Methods: Scientific information on C. hirsutus was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus). Information regarding traditional uses was also acquired from secondary resources including books and proceedings. Results: Different plant parts of C. hirsutus were reported to be used for the treatment of fever, skin diseases, stomach disorders and urinary diseases. Alkaloids such as jasminitine, hirsutine, cohirsitine and their derivatives along with a few flavonoids, triterpene derivatives and volatile compounds were reported from whole plant or different plant parts. Extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective activities among others. Conclusion: Although widely used in traditional medicines, only a few studies have been performed related to chemical constituents. Most of the biological activity evaluations were carried out using in vitro evaluation methods and only a few studies were carried out in animal models. In the future, properly designed in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of C. hirsutus along with bioassay-guided studies to isolate and identify the active constituents.

scholarly journals Under-reported COVID-19 cases in South Asian countries

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Soban Qadir Khan ◽  
Imran Alam Moheet ◽  
Faraz Ahmed Farooqi ◽  
Muhanad Alhareky ◽  
Faisal Alonaizan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The People ◽  
First Case

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare  trends in the progression of COVID-19 among South Asian countries with more developed Western countries. Methods: COVID-19 data from South Asian countries were used for this observational study. Data were taken up to April 21, 2020 from the outbreak of the COVID-19. Four of the seven countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Results: An exponential increase in the average number of weekly cases was reported after the fifth week following the first case. The correlation between reported cases and tests was found to be strong and significant (r=0.90, p=0.037). However, on average, 315.25 tests per million population were performed, which was at least 12 times lower than the number of tests performed in countries with a large number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: At present, the number of confirmed cases from South Asia was found to be significantly lower than in Western countries. Hence, an increase in the strength of performing diagnostic tests is highly recommended. Strict measures are required to make the people of these countries follow the instructions of social distancing and comply with preventive measures.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Phytochemicals and In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity by methanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Md. Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The existing research study attempts to untie novel avenues for development of the medicinal exercises of Elettaria cardamomum, fashionable known as the “Queen of Spices” and locally recognized as “elaichi”. Its seeds are utilized as abortifacient, acrid, alexiteric, aromatic, sweet, cardiac tonic, cooling, carminative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant and also tonic beneficial in the asthma, haemorrhoids, bronchitis, strangury, renal in addition to vesical calculi, anorexia, halitosis, gastropathy dyspepsia as well as burning sensation. The prime goal of this research work is to evaluate antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties of the traditional Bangladeshi medicinal extracts in addition to examine these activities. The aim in present work was to screen the phytochemical profile as well as pharmacological activities of the methanolic extract of this plant’s leaves. To explore pharmacological actions DPPH scavenging test and the HRBC membrane stabilization techniques were done for the antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory test respectively. The pharmacological works revealed that plant extracts might have noteworthy antioxidant effect which is possibly mediated by the inhibition of DPPH free radical which is accountable for oxidation. The IC50 values by the DPPH scavenging test observed for the standard and the leaves were 106.38µg/ml & 594.47µg/ml respectively. There is also moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The IC50 values for anti-inflammatory activity by standard & leaves were 35.04µg/ml and 944.0 µg/ml respectively.

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies on the Immunomodulatory Effects of Pulicaria crispa Extract on Human THP-1 Monocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tarfa Albrahim ◽  
Moonerah M. Alnasser ◽  
Mashael R. Al-Anazi ◽  
Muneera D. ALKahtani ◽  
Saad Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Macrophage Differentiation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Late Apoptosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Pulicaria crispa (P. crispa) is a plant from the Compositae family that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Objective. The current study aimed at investigating the immunomodulatory effects of P. crispa extract in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells. Methods. To induce macrophage differentiation, THP-1 cell lines were treated with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate, followed by exposure to LPS with or without 50 or 100 μg/ml of P. crispa extract. The following tests were employed to test the immunomodulatory effects of the extract: MTT assay, ELISA, Western blotting analysis, cell migration and phagocytosis assays, and Annexin V staining method. Results. Exposure to 100 μg/ml P. crispa extract significantly reduced THP-1 cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis (in LPS-stimulated cells, but not in unstimulated cells). Moreover, the extract alone significantly reduced the rate of THP-1 cell apoptosis, while it increased the rate of late apoptosis. Molecular investigations showed that treatment with P. crispa extract significantly upregulated the expression of ERK1, p-MAPK, P-P38, and Bcl2, while it significantly reduced the expression of ERK5, Bax, NF-κB, P-NF-κB, CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, CCL22, CXCL1, and CXCL10. Conclusion. Pulicaria crispa extract exhibited anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimigratory, and antiphagocytic effects in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Future studies should investigate these mechanisms in animal models with chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Animal Models as Tools to Investigate Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eddouks ◽  
Debprasad Chattopadhyay ◽  
Naoufel Ali Zeggwagh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Materials Used

Plants have been historically used for diabetes treatment and related anti-inflammatory activity throughout the world; few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Recently, a large diversity of animal models has been developed for better understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its underlying inflammatory mechanism and new drugs have been introduced in the market to treat this disease. The aim of this work is to review the available animal models of diabetes and anti-inflammatory activity along with somein vitromodels which have been used as tools to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with potential antidiabetic properties and related anti-inflammatory mechanism. At present, the rigorous procedures for evaluation of conventional antidiabetic medicines have rarely been applied to test raw plant materials used as traditional treatments for diabetes; and natural products, mainly derived from plants, have been tested in chemically induced diabetes model. This paper contributes to design new strategies for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs and its related inflammatory activity in order to treat this serious condition which represents a global public health problem.

scholarly journals The Indian Occupied Kashmir Dispute: A Legal Analysis in purview of United Nations Resolutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rao Qasim Idrees, Dr. Muhammad Imran, Tahir Jamil
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The United Nations

Kashmir is an uncontrollable conflict between the two South Asian countries: India and Pakistan. Since 1989 the people of Kashmir have faced a massive violation of human rights committed by Indian forces. The United Nations resolutions strengthened the Kashmiri’s movement of freedom. However, it is also a reality that, somehow and somewhere, the UN had failed in the Kashmir dispute in order to give the implementation to its resolutions. The Kashmir issue is complicated but could have been resolved if the UN had taken its responsibility with true letter and spirit. Recently, the Indian government changed the status of Kashmir by the abolishment of Article 370 and 35A, and also passing a Bill in August 2019, further makes the situation more difficult in Kashmir. In this situation, it is pertinent to mention here that Indian occupied Kashmir is a disputed issue in the light of UNSC resolutions between two south Asian countries. The current research is based upon descriptive and historical methodology and the facts and results are provided as per the legal analysis of the current situation of Indian occupied Kashmir. Finally, this research concludes that India cannot solve the Kashmir dispute through revocation of Article 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution provisions about the status of Kashmir, and also not use of force; the Kashmir dispute can only be resolved according to the Resolution adopted by the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 13 August 1948.

scholarly journals Overview of Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Ananas Comosus L. Merr

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4760-4766
Author(s):  
Hartati R ◽  
Suarantika F ◽  
Fidrianny I
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Ananas comosus L. Merr, known as pineapple, belongs to the Bromeliaceae family. This plant has been used as traditional medicine and continues until now in conventional herbal medicine. The pineapple was distributed in some countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and originated from South America. This article delved the scientific work about Ananas comosus focussing their usage as traditional medicine, chemical compounds and biological activities. All of the pieces of information were obtained from the scientific literature such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed. Based on the literature survey,different parts of pineapple (Ananas comosus) are used in traditional medicine, used asan anti-inflammatory agent,anti-oedema, digestive disorder, antimicrobial, vermicide, and purgative. Phytochemical compounds from A. comosus have been provided, including ascorbic acid, quercetin, flavones-3-ol, flavones, and ferulic acid. The crude extracts of A. comosus have many pharmacological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial. This discovery becomes possible due to scientific isolation and in vivo or in vitro analysis of A.comosus.

scholarly journals Low Reported COVID-19 Cases in South Asian Countries: A Luck of Nature or A Ticking Time Bomb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Alam Moheet ◽  
Soban Qadir Khan ◽  
Faraz Ahmed Farooqi ◽  
Muhanad Alhareky ◽  
Faisal Alonaizan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
First Case

Abstract Objective Purpose of the current study was to find the trend in progression of COVID-19 among South Asian countries as compared to more developed western countries. Method COVID-19 data of South Asian countries was taken for this observational study. Data was taken up to 21 st April since the outbreak of the virus. There were 4 out of 7 countries which passed through the inclusion criteria and included for analysis. Results Increase in average weekly reported cases after 5 th week since first case reported was exponential. Correlation between reported cases and tests performed was found strong and significant (r=0.90, p-value=0.037). However, on average 315.25 tests per million population was performed which was at least 12 times lower than the tests performed in the countries having large number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusion At present, number of reported cases from South Asia was found extrememly lower than western countries. However, it could be due to a smaller number of tests performed. Hence, increase in strength of performing diagnostic tests is highly recommended. Strict measures are required to be taken to make the people of these countries to follow the instructions of social distancing and comply with preventive measures.

THE GENUS ONOSMA L.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Aruna M. Rajapara ◽  
Mamta B. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Selection For

In medicinal plant field ethnopharmacological knowledge aggrandizes legibility for prioritizing species selection for future research opportunities. Many plant species representing the genus Onosma have been documented to be important in communities world-wide as evidenced by the numerous records on traditional medicinal and ethno-botanical information. Various species of the genus are used in the traditional medicinal systems in Europe and Asian countries especially in India, China, Turky and Pakistan. The literature on the species distribution and their characterization was compiled from different regional floras, regional revisions and databases. The information related to traditional uses, pharmacological activities and phytochemistry was systematically collected from the scientific databases including reference books, SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. Absence of comprehensive literature review on genus Onosma species led to design present study and dig the recorded documents to comparatively gauge magnitude of studies on each of the Onosma species through an exhaustive bibliographic evaluation of scientifically studied species of genus Onosma that are also taxonomically identified and are valued as traditional medicinal remedy for diseases in their countries of origin. The study hinted about lack of scientific literature on most of the species. A comprehensive bibliographic review on the geographical distribution, identification, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Onosma is attempted here to give insights into promising future drug discovery strategies. KEYWORDS: Onosma, Distribution, Traditional uses, Phyto-Pharmacology

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