scholarly journals Using the Quarterly Compound Fractional Grey Model to Predict the Air Quality in 22 Cities of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianlong Guo ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lifeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Grey Model ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Accumulation Method

The rapid development of industrialization leads to more and more serious air pollution, which affects human health and sustainable development of society. Predicting air quality is an important link in preventing air pollution and improving the atmospheric environment. In this paper, 22 cities of China with poor air quality in recent years are selected as the research objects. A quarterly compound accumulation grey model is used to predict the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 in the 22 cities. Two parameters are introduced into the model to optimize the accumulation method of the grey model. Also, seasonal factors are introduced to better simulate air quality. The forecasting results show that air quality in these cities, although varies widely on a quarterly basis, tends to decline overall. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in most cities will still exceed the standard in the next few years, especially in the first and fourth quarters of each year. The prediction results can provide reference for relevant departments.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Desain Bangunan Berdasarkan Sistem Sertifikasi DGNB (Studi Kasus : The Khabele School, Austin)

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Dady Wicaksono ◽  
Sugini Sugini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Zero Carbon

<p class="Abstract"><em><span lang="EN-GB">The air pollution problem had become a big problem for many cities in the world. In line with the rapid development of these cities, the concept of sustainability also continues to develop with various solutions to overcome existing problems. To solve the air pollution problem, the authors evaluated the selected building object, The Khabele School, to see the extent of the building's contribution to overcoming the air pollution problem.  The evaluation was carried out based on the DGNB (German Sustainable Building Council) certification system, the variables measured were biotope area factor (BAF), indoor air quality, daylight factor, and zero-carbon mobility. The results reveal that indoor air quality and daylight factors could meet the desired standards, while BAF and zero-carbon mobility had not met the standard. Based on theoretical and empirical studies, this paper discussed alternative design strategies, to improve the quality of the building, so that they can contribute more to overcoming air pollution problem.</span></em></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation and Treatment Analysis of Air Quality Including Particulate Pollutants: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9476
Author(s):  
Bowen Jiang ◽  
Yuangang Li ◽  
Weixin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

At present, China’s air pollution and its treatment effect are issues of general concern in the academic circles. Based on the analysis of the development stages of air pollution in China and the development history of China’s air quality standards, we selected 17 cities of Shandong Province, China as the research objects. By expanding China’s existing Air Quality Index System, the air quality of six major pollutants including PM2.5 and PM10 in 17 cities from February 2017 to January 2020 is comprehensively evaluated. Then, with a forecast model, the air quality of the above cities in the absence of air pollution control policies since June 2018 was simulated. The results of the error test show that the model has a maximum error of 4.67% when simulating monthly assessment scores, and the maximum mean error of the four months is 3.17%. Through the comparison between the simulation results and the real evaluation results of air quality, we found that since June 2018, the air pollution control policies of six cities have achieved more than 10% improvement, while the air quality of the other 11 cities declined. The different characteristics of pollutants and the implementation of governance policies are perhaps the main reasons for the above differences. Finally, policy recommendations for the future air pollution control in Shandong and China were provided.

scholarly journals Status of Air Pollution in Botswana and Significance to Air Quality and Human Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modise Wiston
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The World

Background. Air pollution is an important issue in developed and industrialized countries. The most common sources of air pollution are anthropogenic activities such as construction dust, vehicular emissions and mining. For low- and middle-income countries, biomass burning and indoor heating are the leading sources of air pollution. As more of the world undergoes development and human populations increase, industrialization is also increasing, along with the potential for air pollution. Objectives. This article reviews the status of air pollution to raise awareness of air quality and human health in Botswana. Discussion. Since independence, Botswana has experienced one of the highest economic development growth rates in the world. These changes have occurred as a result of economic growth and resource utilization associated with increased industrialization. However, there is growing worldwide concern about the effect and impact of pollution due to industrial growth. Botswana is ranked amongst the most polluted countries with serious air pollution, despite a population of just over 2 million. Conclusions. Rapid development and increased urbanization have had a major environmental impact around the world. This increased growth has the potential to lead to air quality degradation. Significant health threats are posed by industrial and vehicular emissions, especially in urban and peri-urban areas where the population is most concentrated. It is important that the linkage between air pollution and health effects is fully examined across all scales of life, especially in developing countries. In addition, programs should be devised to educate the public about the pollution impacts on health. Competing Interests: The authors declare no financial competing interests.

scholarly journals Design and manufacture of air quality measurements based on arduino ATmega 2560 using dust ZH03A laser sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Satriya Wibawa ◽  
I Ketut Putra
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Laser Sensor ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Standard Index ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Design And Manufacture

This study aims to design an air quality measuring instrument that is more efficient, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to the existing tools in the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The main processor uses the Arduino ATmega 2560 microcontroller. This microcontroller functions as a processor for PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations which are the output of the ZH03A sensor. The design results are calibrated with a standard tool, namely BAM1020 which is owned by the BMKG air quality sector to measure air quality. The calibration results obtained that the average value issued by the reference tool which is used as a standard compared to the ZH03A sensor in the design results for PM 2.5 is 6.5 µm / m3, and for the average value of PM1.0 is 2.8 µm / m3 the calculated Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU) value is 126 µm / m3 including the medium category according to the Air Pollution Standard Index.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION ESTIMATION USING AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS BY OLI IMAGES IN TEHRAN

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 779-782
Author(s):  
S. M. Mozafari ◽  
M. Hasanlou ◽  
H. Arefi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Particulate Materials ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Air pollution is one of the main problems in human and environmental health in big cities and in developing countries. The precise monitoring and predicting of air quality and the assessing of the amount of contaminants will reduce the risks to human and the environment health. The particulate materials in the atmosphere are divided into two PM2.5 (particulate materials with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm) and PM10 (particulate materials with a diameter of less than 10 μm) groups, the main contributor to the air pollution associated with these pollutants. In this study, an experimental relationship is established between in-situ values of PM2.5 and PM10 with satellite images and a high-precision air pollution model is produced. Also, the impact of some urban parameters such as vegetation on air pollution have been the objectives of this research. Using four year course (From the beginning of 2015 until the end of 2018 from Tehran) from Landsat-8, OLI images and receiving ground data, at the same time, air pollution rates in different parts of Tehran have been investigated. For this purpose, 23 air quality control stations in Tehran have been used. The study suggests that the study of atmospheric reflectance from Landsat-8, OLI is a good alternative to monitoring the quality of air on Earth. The feasibility of the proposed algorithms was investigated based on the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean-square error (RMSE) and normalize root mean-square error (NRMSE) compared with the PM2.5 and PM10 in-situ measurement data. A choice of our proposed multispectral model was founded on the highest value R and lowest value of the RMSE and so and lowest value of NRMSE with PM10 in-situ data. The outcomes of this research showed that visible bands of Landsat 8 OLI were capable of calculating PM2.5 and PM10 concentration to an acceptable level of accuracy.

Street Scale Air Pollution Modelling in Antalya on Mediterranean Coast of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ahmet mustafa tepe ◽  
Matthias Ketzel ◽  
Ulaş Im ◽  
Güray Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

&lt;p&gt;Antalya is a city at the Turkish Riviera located on Mediterranean coast of southwestern Turkey and it is the fifth populated city in Turkey. The city has a downtown population of over 2 million. Agriculture and tourism activities are the most important sources of income in the region. Antalya is a very important tourism destination and welcomes more than 10 million tourists every year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, with the rapid increase in urbanization, air pollution has been one of the most important environmental problems especially in big cities. In order to solve the pollution problems as soon as possible, the largest air pollution sources must be determined first. Air quality models are used extensively in air quality studies as they allow these problems to be identified quickly, cheaply and effectively. The semi-parameterized Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#174;&lt;/sup&gt;) has been widely used around the globe to determine levels of air pollution on local or street-scale for urban street canyons (Berkowicz 2000, Ketzel et al. 2012).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this study; four street canyons along the main roads in central Antalya were selected (100. Y&amp;#305;l Avenue, Yener Ulusoy Avenue, Adnan Menderes Avenue, K&amp;#305;z&amp;#305;l&amp;#305;rmak Street).&amp;#160; Modeling has been carried out for a period of one year (July 2014 &amp;#8211; July 2015) for the pollutants PM2.5 and PM2.5-10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The urban background concentrations for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) were collected using stack filter unit system. Total of 169 samples were collected once in a two-day period between July 2014 and July 2015 (Tepe 2016). Meteorological parameters and traffic data used in this study were obtained from Turkish State Meteorological Service and Turkish Statistical Institute, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;REFERENCES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berkowicz, R. OSPM - A Parameterised Street Pollution Model. Environ. Monit. Assess. 65, 323 331 (2000)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ketzel M, Jensen SS, Brandt J, Ellermann T, Olesen HR, Berkowicz R and Hertel O. Evaluation of the Street Pollution Model OSPM for Measurements at 12 Streets Stations Using a Newly Developed and Freely Available Evaluation Tool. J Civil Environ Eng, S1:004 (2012)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tepe, A. Investigation of Concentrations and Source Apportionment of Metals Attached to PM2.5 and PM10 in Antalya Ambient Air (Unpublished master&amp;#8217;s thesis). Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey (2016)&lt;/p&gt;

Study on Uncertainty of Gas Monitoring Dynamic Calibration System

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1970-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li De Fang ◽  
Xiu Ming Xiang ◽  
Xiao Ting Li ◽  
Li Li Pang ◽  
Xiao Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Calibration System

With the rapid development of industry and transportation, air pollution is worsening, therefore, monitoring of air pollution components is more and more heeded. In this study, based on the measurement model and the composition of the air quality monitoring system on line, the mathematical model of the measurement system value transmission was analyzed, and the uncertainty components were calculated respectively, a conclusion that the main factor of the overall system uncertainty is the uncertainty of system itself in the existing air quality monitoring system was drawn, so measurement uncertainty of the calibration system was focused on the research. The effects of the Zero-gas, calibration gases and gas mass flow controller on the uncertainty of the calibration system was experimented and analyzed, and measurement uncertainty of the dynamic calibration system was evaluated.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes in PM2.5 and Their Relationships with Land-Use and People in Hangzhou

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Chaonan Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Increases in the extent and level of air pollution in Chinese cities have become a major concern of the public and burden on the government. While ample literature has focused on the status, changes and causes of air pollution (particularly on PM2.5 and PM10), significantly less is known on their effects on people. In this study we used Hangzhou, China, as our testbed to assess the direct impact of PM2.5 on youth populations that are more vulnerable to pollution. We used the ground monitoring data of air quality and Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the spatiotemporal changes of PM2.5 by season in 2015. We further explored these distributions with land cover, population density and schools (kindergarten, primary school and middle school) to explore the potential impacts in seeking potential mitigation solutions. We found that the seasonal variation of PM2.5 concentration was winter > spring > autumn > summer. In Hangzhou, the percentage of land area exposed to PM2.5 > 50 µg m−3 accounted for 59.86% in winter, 56.62% in spring, 40.44% in autumn and 0% in summer, whereas these figures for PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3 were 70.01%, 5.28%, 5.17%, 4.16% in summer, winter, autumn and spring, respectively. As for land cover, forest experienced PM2.5 of 35–50 µg m−3 (i.e., lower than those of other cover types), likely due to the potential filtering and absorption function of the forests. More importantly, a quantitative index based on population-weighted exposure level (pwel) indicated that only 9.06% of the population lived in areas that met the national air quality standards. Only 1.66% (14,055) of infants and juveniles lived in areas with PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3. Considering the legacy effects of PM2.5 over the long-term, we highly recommend improving the monitoring systems for both air quality and people (i.e., their health conditions), with special attention paid to infants and juveniles.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Impact of Urban Forest Scale on PM2.5 and PM10 based on System Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5998
Author(s):  
Zhou ◽  
Liu ◽  
Zhou ◽  
Xia
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The Impact

In the context of ecological civil construction in China, afforestation is highly valued. Planting trees can improve air quality in China's large cities. However, there is a lack of scientific analysis quantifying the impact urban forest scale has on the air quality, and what scale is advisable. The problem still exists of subjective decision-making in afforestation. Similar studies have rarely analyzed the long-term effect research of urban forests on air improvement. Using as an example, the city of Wuhan, this paper identifies the regularity between particulate matter concentration and adsorption of sample leaves, and establishes a system dynamics model of "economy, energy and atmospheric environment.” By combining this regularity with the model, the long-term impact of forest scale on particulate matter and atmospheric environment was simulated. The results show that if the forest coverage rate reaches at least 30%, the annual average concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can both reach the Grade I limit of national Ambient Air Quality Standard by 2050. The current forest cover is 22.9% of the administrative area. Increasing the forest cover by 600 km2 would increase this percentage to 30% of the total area. In the long run (by the year 2050), however, we showed that this increase would only reduce the annual concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 by 1–2%. Therefore, about 90% of the concentration reduction would still rely on the traditional emission reduction measures. More other ecological functions of forests should be considered in afforestation plan.

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