Structure Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide from Katan Seeds

In the present work, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (LWSP) was purified from Katan seeds. Polysaccharide was structurally characterized by NMR spectroscopic analysis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV absorption. TLC and HPLC showed that LWSP was a polysaccharide consisted mainly of glucose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose. The FTIR spectrum and UV absorption proved polysaccharide characteristic of LWSP. According to XRD, LWSP presented a semicrystalline behavior. The molecular weight was estimated as 64.56 kDa. Results obtained through 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated that LWSP is consisted of four monosaccharide residues with α and β anomers. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of LWSP were also investigated. Results revealed that LWSP exhibited interesting 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ( I C 50 = 4.48 mg/ml) and chelating activity ( I C 50 = 4.79 mg/ml), and it displayed moderate reductive capacities. Overall, the findings suggested that LWSP is a promising source of natural additives in various industries fields.

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Bioactive Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of the Grains and Sprouts of Colored Wheat Genotypes

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092282 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2282 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Oksana Sytar ◽

Paulina Bośko ◽

Marek Živčák ◽

Marian Brestic ◽

Iryna Smetanska

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Grain Color ◽

Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽

Promising Source ◽

Layer Chromatography

The grains and sprouts of colored wheat genotypes (having blue, purple and yellow colored grains) contain specific anthocyanidins, such as pelargonidin and cyanidin derivatives, that produce beneficial health effects. The objective of the presented study is to compare the antioxidant capacity and contents of bioactive phytochemicals in grains and sprouts of wheat genotypes that differ in grain color. The methods α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activities, together with spectrophotometrical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods, were used to study the presence of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and anthocyanidins (pelargonidin, peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin) content. It was predicted that the sprouts of all colored wheat genotypes would have significantly higher total flavonoids, total phenolics, anthocyanidin levels and antioxidant activity than the grains. The correlation results between antioxidant activity and contents of bioactive phytochemicals in grains and sprouts of colored wheat genotypes have shown a high correlation for cyanidin and pelargonidin, especially in grains, as well as quercetin in sprouts. It was found that total anthocyanin, quercetin and pelargonidin contents were significantly higher in the sprouts of the purple wheat genotypes than in the blue or yellow wheat genotypes. Delphinidin was detected at a higher level in the grains than in the sprouts of the blue wheat genotypes. Peonidin was present at very low quantities in the grains of all colored wheat genotypes. The sprouts of the purple wheat genotypes, among the colored wheat genotypes, had the highest pelargonidin, cyanidin and quercetin contents and, therefore, can be a promising source for functional food use.

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Application of Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Methods for Chemical Characterization of an Ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral Preparation: Maha Yograja Guggulu

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587217751761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 215658721775176

Author(s):

Arjun Singh ◽

Sarada Ota ◽

Narayan Srikanth ◽

Ruknuddin Galib ◽

Sreedhar Bojja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

High Performance ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Layer Chromatography

Rasa Shastra is an exclusive branch of ayurveda that uses processed metals and minerals in various combinations. Though the formulations are time tested, safety and quality concerns are being raised since the past two decades. In view of this, it becomes mandatory to generate quality control profiles of such formulations by following available parameters. Considering this, we attempted to develop standard manufacturing procedures of Maha Yogaraja Guggulu and generate preliminary physicochemical profiles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results from high-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. X-ray diffraction indicated that the prepared drug contained cinnabar (mercury sulfide; Rasa sindhura), cassiterite (tin oxide; Vanga bhasma), litharge (lead oxide; Naga bhasma), and iron dioxide and magnetite (di-iron oxide; Loha and Mandura bhasma). The observations of the present study are preliminary and first of its kind that may be considered as baseline data for future studies.

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Enhancement of Chloroprene/Natural/Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposite Properties Using Organoclays and Their Combination with Carbon Black as Fillers

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13071085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1085

Author(s):

Patricia Castaño-Rivera ◽

Isabel Calle-Holguín ◽

Johanna Castaño ◽

Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas ◽

Karen Galvez-Garrido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Black ◽

High Performance ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Rubber Blends ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Chloroprene Rubber

Organoclay nanoparticles (Cloisite® C10A, Cloisite® C15) and their combination with carbon black (N330) were studied as fillers in chloroprene/natural/butadiene rubber blends to prepare nanocomposites. The effect of filler type and load on the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites was determined and correlated with its structure, compatibility and cure properties using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and rheometric analysis. Physical mechanical properties were improved by organoclays at 5–7 phr. Nanocomposites with organoclays exhibited a remarkable increase up to 46% in abrasion resistance. The improvement in properties was attributed to good organoclay dispersion in the rubber matrix and to the compatibility between them and the chloroprene rubber. Carbon black at a 40 phr load was not the optimal concentration to interact with organoclays. The present study confirmed that organoclays can be a reinforcing filler for high performance applications in rubber nanocomposites.

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Water soluble biguanide salts and their 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials ◽

10.1515/zkri-2020-0025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 235 (10) ◽

pp. 465-475

Author(s):

Ozge Gungor ◽

Seda Nur Kertmen Kurtar ◽

Muhammet Kose

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Method ◽

Substitute Aniline ◽

Water Soluble ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Nucleophilic Reaction ◽

X Ray ◽

Triazine Derivatives ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Approved Drugs ◽

Solid State Structures

AbstractSeven biguanide derivatives were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction between dicyandiamide and p-substitute aniline derivatives or memantine or adamantine under acidic conditions. The cyclization of the biguanide compounds were also conducted via acetone to give 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical methods. The solid state structures of [HL5]Cl, [H2L7]Cl2, [HL1a]Cl and [HL5a]Cl were investigated by X-ray diffraction study. The acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitor properties of the compounds were then evaluated by the spectroscopic method. The compounds were found to show considerable acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the approved drugs. The cyclization of biguanide derivatives with acetone did not affect inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, yet increased the α-glucosidase inhibition.

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Enhanced Water Solubility and Oral Bioavailability of Paclitaxel Crystal Powders through an Innovative Antisolvent Precipitation Process: Antisolvent Crystallization Using Ionic Liquids as Solvent

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12111008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qilei Yang ◽

Chang Zu ◽

Wengang Li ◽

Weiwei Wu ◽

Yunlong Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Bioavailability ◽

High Performance ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Antisolvent Precipitation ◽

Antisolvent Crystallization ◽

Artificial Gastric Juice

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a poor water-soluble antineoplastic drug with significant antitumor activity. However, its low bioavailability is a major obstacle for its biomedical applications. Thus, this experiment is designed to prepare PTX crystal powders through an antisolvent precipitation process using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (HMImBr) as solvent and water as an antisolvent. The factors influencing saturation solubility of PTX crystal powders in water in water were optimized using a single-factor design. The optimum conditions for the antisolvent precipitation process were as follows: 50 mg/mL concentration of the PTX solution, 25 °C temperature, and 1:7 solvent-to-antisolvent ratio. The PTX crystal powders were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and dissolution and oral bioavailability studies. Results showed that the chemical structure of PTX crystal powders were unchanged; however, precipitation of the crystalline structure changed. The dissolution test showed that the dissolution rate and solubility of PTX crystal powders were nearly 3.21-folds higher compared to raw PTX in water, and 1.27 times higher in artificial gastric juice. Meanwhile, the bioavailability of PTX crystal increased 10.88 times than raw PTX. These results suggested that PTX crystal powders might have potential value to become a new oral PTX formulation with high bioavailability.

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Effect of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Concentration in an Electroless Bath on Microstructure and Composition of Ni/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Nanocomposite

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 5592-5602

Author(s):

Samira Almasi ◽

Ali Mohammad Rashidi

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Nickel Ion ◽

Nanocomposite Particles ◽

X Ray ◽

Ni Content ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Average Size

The effect of the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticle loading in an electro-less bath was considered as one of the vital synthesis variables for control Ni content and microstructure of prepared nanocomposite particles, which are two crucial factors to achieving high-performance SOFC anode. Nanocomposite particles were prepared using a simple electroless method without any expensive pretreatment of sensitizing by Sn2+ ions as well as activating by Pd2+ ions that are usually used to apply nickel coating on the surface of a non-conductive substrate. The process was performed by adding YSZ nanoparticles into NaOH solution, separating them from the solution by the centrifugal method, then providing several water-based nanofluids with different concentrations of activated YSZ nanoparticles, mixing them with NiCI2 solution, followed by adding the hydrazine and then NaOH solution. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to analyze the prepared nanocomposite particles. It is observed that after adding YSZ nanoparticles into the NaOH solution, the pH of the solution varied gradually from a starting pH of 10.2 to 9. Also, by increasing the YSZ nanoparticles loading in the electroless bath from 76 mg/l to 126 mg/l, the grain size of Ni deposits, the Ni content and the average size of the prepared nanocomposite particles decreased. The electrochemical mechanism previously proposed for the nickel ion reduction was modified, and a novel analytical model was proposed for variation of the efficiency of Ni deposition with YSZ nanoparticles loading.

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Solid-state studies and antioxidant properties of the γ-cyclodextrin·fisetin inclusion compound

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.13.212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 2138-2145 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joana M Pais ◽

Maria João Barroca ◽

Maria Paula M Marques ◽

Filipe A Almeida Paz ◽

Susana S Braga

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Compound ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Solid Inclusion ◽

Human Consumption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Cp Mas Nmr

Fisetin is a natural antioxidant with a wide range of nutraceutical properties, including antidiabetic, neuroprotecting, and suppression or prevention of tumors. The present work describes the preparation of a water-soluble, solid inclusion compound of fisetin with gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide approved for human consumption. A detailed physicochemical analysis of the product is carried out using elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman, infrared and 13C{1H} CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies, and thermal analysis (TGA) to verify fisetin inclusion and to present a hypothetical structural arrangement for the host–guest units. The antioxidant activity of the γ-CD·fisetin inclusion compound is evaluated by the DPPH assay.

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Engineering cocrystals of Paliperidone with enhanced solubility and dissolution characteristics

Arhiv za farmaciju ◽

10.5937/arhfarm71-32997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 393-409

Author(s):

Earle Radha-Rani ◽

Gadela Venkata-Radha

Keyword(s):

Benzoic Acid ◽

Aqueous Solubility ◽

Water Soluble ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Water Soluble Drug ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Enhanced Solubility ◽

Poorly Water Soluble ◽

Poorly Water Soluble Drug

In the present study, co-crystals (CCs) of Paliperidone (PPD) with coformers like benzoic acid (BA) and P-amino benzoic acid (PABA) were synthesized and characterized to improve the physicochemical properties and dissolution rate. CCs were prepared by the solvent evaporation (SE) technique and were compared with the products formed by neat grinding (NG) and liquid assisted grinding (LAG) in their enhancement of solubility. The formation of CCs was confirmed by the IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis methods. The saturation solubility studies indicate that the aqueous solubility of PPD-BA and PPD-PABA CCs was significantly improved to 1.343±0.162mg/ml and 1.964±0.452mg/ml, respectively, in comparison with the PPD solubility of 0.473mg/ml. This increase in solubility is 2.83-and 3.09-fold, respectively. PPD exhibited a poor dissolution of 37.8% in 60min, while the dissolution of the CCs improved tremendously to 96.07% and 89.65% in 60min. CCs of PPD with BA and PABA present a novel approach to overcome the solubility challenges of poorly water-soluble drug PPD.

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Synergistic interaction of renewable nipagin and eugenol for high performance aromatic copoly(ether ester) materials

10.21203/rs.3.rs-706272/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keling Hu ◽

Huachao Sui ◽

Dongping Zhao

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Synergistic Interaction ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Ether Ester

Abstract Naturally occurring nipagin and eugenol were used as the collaborative starting materials for poly(ether ester) materials. In this study, two series of nipagin and eugenol-derived copoly(ether ester)s, PHN11-xE1x and PHN11-xE2x (x = 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%), were prepared with renewable 1,6-hexanediol as a comonomer. The nipagin-derived component acts as the renewable surrogate of petroleum-based dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), while the eugenol-derived component acts as the cooperative property modifier of parent homopoly(ether ester) PHN1. 1,6-Hexanediol was chosen as the spacer because of its renewability and short chain to enhance the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of materials. The molecular weights and chemical structures were confirmed by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. Thermal and crystalline properties were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD). The tensile assays were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results suggest that properties of such kind of poly(ether ester)s can be finely tuned by the relative content of two components. Synergistic interaction of two structurally distinctive parts endows the materials with high performance.

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Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method For Comprehensive Processing Of Fly Ash

KnE Materials Science ◽

10.18502/kms.v2i2.952 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A.A. Shoppert ◽

I.V. Loginova ◽

L.I. Chaikin ◽

D.A. Rogozhnikov

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plant ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Water Leaching ◽

X Ray ◽

Comprehensive Utilization ◽

Alkali Fusion ◽

Wet Chemical ◽

Promising Source ◽

Comprehensive Processing

Fly ash, composed of mullite, hematite, amorphous silica and quartz, is a promising source for the recovery of alumina and silica. Desilication with help of NaOH and alkali fusion-leaching method and utilization of alumina and silica in the fly ash for preparation of sodalite and silica white were explored in this research. The samples were characterized by using wet chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The optimal extraction of SiO2 from Reftinskaya power plant fly ash was 46.2% with leaching at 95 oC for 3 h. Sodalite was synthesized at 200 °C for 1 h followed water leaching at 95 °C for 1 h. Silica white with specific surface area 180-220 m2/g was prepared by carbonation of the Na2SiO3 solution at 40 oC for 90-120 min. The as-prepared silica has a purity of 98,8%.The proposed method is suitable for the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash.

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