scholarly journals Efficiency of the Integrated Nitrogen Removal Device to Remove Ammonia in a Hog House

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chen Lyu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yiyan Lyu ◽  
Zhaoying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Functional Strain

It is crucial to explore new methods to deal with ammonia pollution in hog barns. In this experiment, ammonia gas generated from the decomposition of nitrogenous organic matter, such as feed and manure in hog barns, was studied. Growing environmental parameters monitored included temperature, humidity, and ammonia nitrogen concentration. For 92 days between March and May, ammonia emissions were characterized by monitoring and collecting the ammonia concentration during the selected time. The results showed that the average temperature in the hog house was 18.2 ± 2.7°C, the humidity was 62.7 ± 0.3%, and the average ammonia concentration range was 17.7∼23.1 mg m−3. The collected ammonia-nitrogen-containing wastewater that entered the denitrification device showed 173, 232, 201, and 280 mgNH4-N/L, respectively. An integrated denitrification device with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as a functional strain was used for denitrification treatment. Through the change of ion concentration in the incoming and outgoing water, an 85.5% average denitrification efficiency was calculated according to the denitrification reaction chemical formula. Thus, the results presented here provide data support for the future use of microbial denitrification equipment to treat ammonia in hog houses.

scholarly journals Effect of the ammonia concentration on the performance of wetland microbial fuel cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Jiafeng Fu ◽  
Wenlei Wang ◽  
Yutong Song ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Fixed Condition

This work explores the effect of the ammonia concentration on the wetland synthesis of microbial fuel cell (MFC) and on the production and the efficiency of sewage purification. Four ammonia concentrations from 1 to 30 mg/L have been selected. Under the fixed condition of a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 200 mg/L, a constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) could be built. The results show that by selecting the optimum ammonia concentration the production of the CW-MFC could be promoted; a higher ammonia concentration (>20 mg/L) is found to inhibit the production activity of CW-MFC. In the optimum conditions, Cathode and anode thickness is 10 cm, the ammonia concentration is 10 mg/L, the COD concentration of 200 mg/L, the maximum power density of the battery is 13.6 W/m3, the corresponding current density is 148.6 A/m3 and the battery internal resistance is 270 Ω. At the ammonia nitrogen concentration of 10 mg/L, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and COD were up to 89.7% and 98.47% respectively. As the ammonia nitrogen concentration increased to 30 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen and COD removal rates decreased to 74.6% and 90.69% respectively. That is, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 10 mg/L, CW-MFC can exhibit the best performance.

Short-term effect of ammonia concentration and salinity on activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3008-3016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Claros ◽  
E. Jiménez ◽  
L. Borrás ◽  
D. Aguado ◽  
A. Seco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Substrate Affinity ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Value

A continuously aerated SHARON (single reactor high activity ammonia removal over nitrite) system has been operated to achieve partial nitritation. Two sets of batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of ammonia concentration and salinity on the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Activity of AOB raised as free ammonia concentration was increased reaching its maximum value at 4.5 mg NH3-N l−1. The half saturation constant for free ammonia was determined (KNH3 = 0.32 mg NH3-N l−1). Activity decreased at TAN (total ammonium–nitrogen) concentration over 2,000 mg NH4-N l−1. No free ammonia inhibition was detected. The effect of salinity was studied by adding different concentrations of different salts to the biomass. No significant differences were observed between the experiments carried out with a salt containing or not containing NH4. These results support that AOB are inhibited by salinity, not by free ammonia. A mathematical expression to represent this inhibition is proposed. To compare substrate affinity and salinity inhibitory effect on different AOB populations, similar experiments were carried out with biomass from a biological nutrient removal pilot plant. The AOB activity reached its maximum value at 0.008 mg NH3-N l−1 and decreased at TAN concentration over 400 mg NH4-N l−1. These differences can be explained by the different AOB predominating species: Nitrosomonas europaea and N. eutropha in the SHARON biomass and Nitrosomonas oligotropha in the pilot plant.

scholarly journals Influence of rumen ammonia concentration on the rumen degradation rates of barley and maize

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Odle ◽  
D.M. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Exponential Decay Model

1. Four rumen-cannulated steers were given barley and maize diets supplemented with graded levels of an ammonium acetate solution.2. Animals were fed hourly from automatic feeders and water consumption was controlled to achieve steady-state conditions in the rumen.3. Dacron bags containing rolled barley or ground barley were incubated in the rumen of barley-fed steers, while ground maize and autoclaved maize were incubated in the rumen of maize-fed steers.4. Fractional degradation rates of dry matter were estimated for each cereal substrate incubated using a single-pool exponential decay model.5. No differences in degradation rate due to the method of feed processing were detected; however, barley was degraded at a faster rate than maize. Furthermore, the minimum rumen ammonia-nitrogen concentration required to maximize the degradation rate of barley (125 mg/l) was greater than that required to maximize the degradation rate of maize (61 mg/l).6. These results indicate that the optimal NH3-N concentration required to maximize the rate of grain digestion in the rumen is influenced by the chemical or structural characteristics of the grain.

scholarly journals StalGrowth—A Program to Estimate Speleothem Growth Rates and Seasonal Growth Variations

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Rolf Vieten ◽  
Francisco Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Cave Monitoring ◽  
Calcium Ion Concentration

Speleothems are one of the few archives which allow us to reconstruct the terrestrial paleoclimate and help us to understand the important climate dynamics in inhabited regions of our planet. Their time of growth can be precisely dated by radiometric techniques, but unfortunately seasonal radiometric dating resolution is so far not feasible. Numerous cave environmental monitoring studies show evidence for significant seasonal variations in parameters influencing carbonate deposition (calcium-ion concentration, cave air pCO2, drip rate and temperature). Variations in speleothem deposition rates need to be known in order to correctly decipher the climate signal stored in the speleothem archive. StalGrowth is the first software to quantify growth rates based on cave monitoring results, detect growth seasonality and estimate the seasonal growth bias. It quickly plots the predicted speleothem growth rate together with the influencing cave environmental parameters to identify which parameter(s) cause changes in speleothem growth rate, and it can also identify periods of no growth. This new program has been applied to multiannual cave monitoring studies in Austria, Gibraltar, Puerto Rico and Texas, and it has identified two cases of seasonal varying speleothem growth.

scholarly journals Environmental controls on the <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> calcite mass

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2295-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Horigome ◽  
P. Ziveri ◽  
M. Grelaud ◽  
K.-H. Baumann ◽  
G. Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Phosphate Availability

Abstract. Although ocean acidification is expected to impact (bio) calcification by decreasing the seawater carbonate ion concentration, [CO32−], there is evidence of nonuniform response of marine calcifying plankton to low seawater [CO32−]. This raises questions about the role of environmental factors other than acidification and about the complex physiological responses behind calcification. Here we investigate the synergistic effect of multiple environmental parameters, including seawater temperature, nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) availability, and carbonate chemistry on the coccolith calcite mass of the cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, the most abundant species in the world ocean. We use a suite of surface (late Holocene) sediment samples from the South Atlantic and southwestern Indian Ocean taken from depths lying above the modern lysocline (with the exception of eight samples that are located at or below the lysocline). The coccolith calcite mass in our results presents a latitudinal distribution pattern that mimics the main oceanographic features, thereby pointing to the potential importance of seawater nutrient availability (phosphate and nitrate) and carbonate chemistry (pH and pCO2) in determining coccolith mass by affecting primary calcification and/or the geographic distribution of E. huxleyi morphotypes. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating the combined effect of several environmental stressors on calcifying organisms to project their physiological response(s) in a high-CO2 world and improve interpretation of paleorecords.

Influence of the Initial Nitrogen Concentration on Eliminating Nitrogen Load of Europhia Sediment Capping with Active Barrier System (ABS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Jin Lan Xu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jun Chen Kang ◽  
Ting Lin Huang ◽  
Yu Hua Dong
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Capping ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Active Barrier

Abstract: Active barrier system (ABS) capping zeolite with large surface area and strong adsorption ability is an effective way to control eutrophication of lake since it can remove ammonia in the lake released by sediment. Influence of the initial nitrogen concentration on eliminating nitrogen load of europhia sediment capping with active barrier system (ABS) were studied through an investigation of the repairment results of serious pollution period (total nitrogen concentration up to 25.33 mg/L), moderate pollution period (14.39 mg/L) and the slight pollution period (3.47 mg/L) of the ancient Canal of Yangzhou. The results showed that: (1) zeolite F1 inhibition effect is stronger than zeolite F2. More TN were removed as the initial TN concentration increased and longer rapid inhibit period were presented with the increased initial TN concentration. (2) The ammonia nitrogen in sediment could be rapidly released into the overlying water, and with lower initial TN concentration in source water, more ammonia would be released from the sediment. Long time treatment was necessary to inhibit the release of ammonia completely if the water showed a high initial TN concentration. (3) After covering zeolite, the total nitrogen in the overlying water were removed mainly through nitrification and denitrification. At the initial TN concentration of 3.47 mg/L, 14.39 mg/L, 25.88 mg/L, 61%, 45% and 52% of TN were removed by the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen gas, however, others left in water as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite residues, and 90% was nitrate nitrogen.

Confocal Microscopy in Ecophysiological Studies of Algae: A Door to Understanding Autofluorescence in Red Algae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Teresa Coronado-Parra ◽  
Mónica Roldán ◽  
Marina Aboal
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Light Intensities

Alga in the genus Chroothece have been reported mostly from aquatic or subaerial continental environments, where they grow in extreme conditions. The strain Chroothece mobilis MAESE 20.29 was exposed to different light intensities, red and green monochromatic light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high nitrogen concentrations, and high salinity to assess the effect of those environmental parameters on its growth. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used as an “in vivo” noninvasive single-cell method for the study. The strain seemed to prefer fairly high light intensities and showed a significant increase in allophycocyanin (APC) and chlorophyll a [photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII)] fluorescence with 330 and 789 μM/cm2/s intensities. Green monochromatic light promoted a significant increase in the fluorescence of APC and chlorophyll a (PSI and PSII). UV-A significantly decreased phycocyanin and increased APC, while UV-A + B showed a greater decreasing effect on c-Phycocyanin but did not significantly change concentrations of APC. The increase in nitrogen concentration in the culture medium significantly and negatively affected all pigments, and no effect was observed with an increase in salinity. Our data show that CLSM represents a very powerful tool for ecological research of microalgae in small volumes and may contribute to the knowledge of phycobiliproteins in vivo behavior and the parameters for the large-scale production of these pigments.

scholarly journals Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity of Amlodipine Degradation by the UV/Chlorine Process

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Jianye Xu ◽  
Siqi Zhou ◽  
Erdeng Du ◽  
Yongjun Sha ◽  
Lu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Toxicity Tests

The UV/chlorine process, as a new type of AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process), was utilized to treat amlodipine (AML)-containing water. The influencing factors, including chlorine dose, UV intensity, solution initial pH value, and ammonia concentration, were investigated. The degradation of AML in real water and the relative contributions of OH• and Cl• were also studied. Finally, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and GC-MS were used to identify the possible degradation products. The results demonstrated that the AML degradation process was fitted with apparent first-order kinetics. AML degradation had a positive correlation with UV intensity and chlorine dose, and a negative correlation with ammonia concentration. In the presence of ammonia nitrogen and DOM, the removal of AML from real water was reduced. OH• made a dominant percentage contribution of 55.7% to the degradation of AML. Sixteen intermediates were detected and identified. A possible degradation mechanism was also proposed. Acute toxicity tests and risk prediction both illustrated that the complete removal of AML does not guarantee the reduction of acute toxicity, but a prolonged degradation promoted the detoxification of toxic intermediates. The UV/chlorine process can be regarded to be an effective method to remove AML and reduce ecological risk.

scholarly journals Deep amoA amplicon sequencing reveals community partitioning within ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the environmentally dynamic estuary of the River Elbe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malinowski ◽  
M. Alawi ◽  
I. Krohn ◽  
S. Ruff ◽  
D. Indenbirken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Longitudinal Profile ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Elbe Estuary ◽  
Ammonia Monooxygenase ◽  
River Elbe

Abstract The community composition of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (ß-AOB) in the River Elbe Estuary was investigated by high throughput sequencing of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene (amoA) amplicons. In the course of the seasons surface sediment samples from seven sites along the longitudinal profile of the upper Estuary of the Elbe were investigated. We observed striking shifts of the ß-AOB community composition according to space and time. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha-lineage and the genus Nitrosospira were found to be the dominant ß-AOB within the river transect, investigated. However, continuous shifts of balance between members of both lineages along the longitudinal profile were determined. A noticeable feature was a substantial increase of proportion of Nitrosospira-like sequences in autumn and of sequences affiliated with the Nitrosomonas marina-lineage at downstream sites in spring and summer. Slightly raised relative abundances of sequences affiliated with the Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosomonas mobilis-lineage and the Nitrosomonas communis-lineage were found at sampling sites located in the port of Hamburg. Comparisons between environmental parameters and AOB-lineage (ecotype) composition revealed promising clues that processes happening in the fluvial to marine transition zone of the Elbe estuary are reflected by shifts in the relative proportion of ammonia monooxygenase sequence abundance, and hence, we propose ß-AOB as appropriate indicators for environmental dynamics and the ecological condition of the Elbe Estuary.

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