scholarly journals Determination of Shape Coefficient in Elastic Modulus Estimation with Penetration Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tongbin Zhao ◽  
Rui Mao ◽  
Kai Fang ◽  
Biwen Zhang ◽  
Fenghai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Shape Coefficient ◽  
Penetration Behavior ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Elastic modulus is a significant parameter in design and construction for rock engineering. Rock penetration test as a convenient method to evaluate the modulus of rocks has a great potential to be used. Based on the elastic theory, the relationship between rock penetration behavior and elastic modulus was established. In order to evaluate the elastic modulus, the shape coefficient is an important parameter to be determined. However, due to many factors, the value of this parameter is still uncertain. To provide a better insight into the shape coefficient and its factors, a series of penetration tests which used several types of rock samples with different sizes were conducted to study the determination of shape coefficient under different conditions. The test results show that sample size influences the shape coefficient, and with the increase in size, the shape coefficient decreases gradually to a stable value. In contrast, confining pressure has less effect on shape coefficient, and in the moderate and low stresses region, a fixed value can be selected for the test. Different types of rocks correspond to different shape coefficients. The shape coefficient of hard rock is higher than that of soft rock. Shape coefficient should be selected reasonably according to the penetration depth in practical application, and the reason, furthermore, why back-calculated shape coefficient deviates from the theoretical value is also discussed.

In Situ Investigation of Liquefiable Gravels

2000 ◽  
Vol 1714 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Koester ◽  
Chris Daniel ◽  
Michael L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Penetration Tests

A series of dynamic in situ penetration tests was performed in deep alluvial gravel deposits at Seward, Alaska, that were shaken and apparently liquefied by the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake. Both a U.S. standard penetration test split spoon and a larger-diameter drive sampler were used, and dynamic cone penetrometers of two sizes were also driven into the gravels near the mouth of the Resurrection River that had exhibited settlement and lateral spreading as a result of earthquake shaking. Two safety hammers were used [nominally 623 N (140 lb) and 1334 N (300 lb)], and the energy delivered with various hammer and penetrometer combinations was measured throughout all tests. Limited measurements of hammer velocity were also made by a radar system developed for that purpose to allow for kinetic energy determination. Soils recovered in the split spoon samplers were sent to the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Soils Research Facility in Vicksburg, Mississippi, where they were evaluated for classification (gradation and index properties). The sampling and testing procedures used at the Seward site, as well as preliminary analysis of the various penetration test results, are summarized. Comparisons are made with penetration resistance measurements made by the Alaska Highway Department immediately after the 1964 earthquake. Results of this investigation will be adapted to guide future practice for in situ determination of liquefaction resistance in coarse alluvial soils.

High Strength Combined Support Technology in Deep High Stress Soft Rock Roadway

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 598-603
Author(s):  
Nian Jie Ma ◽  
Zhi Qiang Zhao ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Li Shuai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Computer Numerical Simulation ◽  
Soft Rock Roadway ◽  
Rock Roadway

In order to solve the serious damage and repeat revision problem of high stress soft rock roadway in deep -950 level of Tangshan coal mine, based on the theory of the maximum stress level, together with the actual measurement of geostress and the laboratory mechanical parameters of rock-core and computer numerical simulation, the high strength combined support technology and supporting parameters are determined and the engineering test has been done. The engineering test results show that the parameter determination of high strength combined support technology, which based on the actual measurement of geostress, can effective solve the support issue of high stress soft rock roadway and provide useful experience for similar engineering problems.

A Study on Dynamic Properties of Cement-Stabilized Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2050-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Hsun Tsai ◽  
Sheng Huoo Ni
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resonant Column Test ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Shearing Strain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper the dynamic property (shear modulus and damping ratio) of cement-stabilized soil is studied with using the resonant column test. The amount of cement admixed, the magnitude of confining pressure, and shearing strain amplitude are the parameters considered. Test results show that the maximum shear modulus of cement-stabilized soil increases with increasing confining pressure, the minimum damping ratio decreases with increasing confining pressure. The shear modulus of cement-stabilized soil decreases with increasing shearing strain while the damping ratio increases with increasing shearing strain. In the paper the relationship of shear modulus versus shearing strain is fitted into the Ramberg-Osgood equations using regression analysis.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID SOIL PRESSURE SENSOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO SOIL COMPACTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Talesnick ◽  
Moti Ringel ◽  
Kyle Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Compaction Process ◽  
Vibratory Compaction ◽  
Soil Strain ◽  
The Relationship

A new soil pressure sensor based on a combination of the deflecting membrane and fluid filled approaches has been developed. The advantages of this combined approach are that issues of sensor compliance are eliminated without reducing the effectiveness of the sensor to be used for dynamic measurements. Calibration and verification testing performed under controlled laboratory conditions illustrate these benefits. The new system was implemented in a full-scale field trial which involved the construction of a compacted engineered fill 1.8 m in height. As each layer of fill was placed and compacted vertical in-soil pressure and vertical in-soil strain were continuously measured. During the vibratory compaction process both vertical soil pressure and vertical soil strain histories were captured in each layer. The data collected allowed for the determination of fill stiffness for both static and dynamic conditions. The results illustrate the effect of both confining pressure and strain level on fill stiffness. The relationship between compaction pressure and depth is clearly defined.

Research on the Effect of Concentration and Type of De-Icing Salt on Concrete Salt-Scaling

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Zhi Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reasonable Explanation ◽  
Salt Scaling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To study the effect of concentration and type of de-icing salt on salt scaling based on the mechanism of glue spaling proposed by John J. Valenza II and George W. Scherer, the de-icing solution of NaCI andCaCI2 on the concentration of 1%、3%、5% and 7% were frozen into brine ice . Order to obtain the relationship of elastic modulus between the type and concentration of de-icing ,all brine ice specimens were tested under uni-axial compressive loading. The test results show: with the increase of concentration, the elastic modulus and peak stress of bring ice were decreased;when the same concentration ,the elastic modulus and peak stress of NaCl brine ice were higher than CaCI2.Based on the test results ,a reasonable explanation of the following phenomenon were given:The different type of de-icing salt all can lead to salt scaling of concrete;when the concentration of de-icing salt is moderate,it is will occur the most serious salt scaling.

scholarly journals The determination of fatigue limits under alternating stress conditions

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (620) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pull Tests ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
The Relationship

In the year 1867 A. Wöhler, locomotive superintendent of a railway company in Berlin, exhibited at the Paris Exhibition the results of some experiments on the endurance of metals, and was thereupon engaged by the Prussian Government to carry out the more exhaustive enquiry into this subject with which his name is always associated. The results of his labours were published in 1871, and were highly appreciated, but few additional experiments were made until the subject was again taken up successively by Sir Benjamin Baker, Reynolds and Smith, Rogers, Stanton and bairstow, Eden, Rose and Cunningham, and Prof. Hopkinson. All these experiments are confined either to fatigue bending or to push and pull tests, using only steel or iron, whereas the present ones include a large number of torsion fatigue tests on various metals. Until comparatively recently there was no satisfactory standard of comparison for fatigue tests, the determination of the asymptote or limiting fatigue stress for an infinite number of revolutions from a few irregular test results leading to very uncertain conclusions, so much so that by some it was considered very doubtful whether there were any real fatigue limits, while others adopted as standards of comparison the fatigue stresses which would cause fractures at the millionth repetition. The first problem which had to be investigated was therefore to ascertain the relationship between the intensities of fatigue stresses and the numbers of repetitions of these stresses which would cause fracture; and, should this relationship be found to indicate the existence of a limiting stress for an infinite number of revolutions, or more briefly of a fatigue limit, then the next step would have to be its exact determination.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Yunnan Limestone in Natural and Saturated States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xutao Zhang ◽  
Mingyang Ren ◽  
Zhaobo Meng ◽  
Baoliang Zhang ◽  
Jinglong Li
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Test Results

Rock material is a kind of mineral assemblage with complex structural heterogeneity, whose mechanical behavior is strongly affected by water or moisture content. In this work, we carried out a series of laboratory tests to investigate the mechanical response (e.g., deformation, strength, and failure characteristics) of Yunnan limestone in natural and saturated states. Our test results show that (1) after saturation, the stiffness and strength of Yunnan limestone degenerate considerably. Compared with the natural condition, the elastic modulus, deformation modulus, and tensile modulus decrease by about 30% on average, and uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength also decrease by about 15% and 20%, respectively. While Poisson’s ratio is less affected by water content, it can be regarded as a constant; (2) the elastic modulus and deformation modulus of Yunnan limestone are significantly affected by confining pressure, and the relationship between them and confining pressure satisfies the law of hyperbolic function; (3) the peak strength envelope of Yunnan limestone has significant nonlinear characteristics, which can be well described by generalized Hoek-Brown strength criterion. However, the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion does not apply to the residual strength, which shows a linearly increasing trend with the increasing confining pressure; (4) the failure modes of Yunnan limestone are significantly dependent on confining pressure but insensitive to water content. With the increasing confining pressure, the failure modes of Yunnan limestone transform from splitting failure, tension-shear mixed failure, single inclined plane shear failure to Y-shaped or X-shaped conjugated shear failure. The test results can provide important experimental data for the establishment of the constitutive model of Yunnan limestone, which will contribute to obtain more reliable results for stability assessment of Xianglu Mountain Tunnel.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA BELAJAR BERDASAR REGULASI DIRI DENGAN SIKAP TERHADAP EKSTRAKURIKULER PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA MARDISISWA SEMARANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Randwitya Ayu Ganis Hemasti
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aimed to determine the relationship between learning based on self-regulation with attitudes toward extracurricular activities, and to determine the effective contribution of learning based on self-regulation. The population in accordance with the characteristics in this study amounted to 113 students in Mardisiswa Semarang High School. Data collection uses a scale of learning based on self-regulation consisting of 31 items (α = 0.939), and a scale of attitude towards extracurricular consisting of 30 items (α = 0.970). The results of hypothesis testing show that learning based on self-regulation is positively related to attitudes towards extracurricular activities indicated by rxy = 0.529 with a significance level of correlation of 0,000 (p <0.05). The test results obtained coefficient of determination of 0, 280. It means that learning based on student self-regulation gives an effect of 28% on attitudes toward extracurricular. While 72% of attitudes towards extracurricular are influenced by other factors outside the variables of this study. These factors include personal experience, the influence of others who are considered important, the influence of culture, mass media, religious institutions, and the influence of emotional factors.   Keywords: self-regulation, Extracurricular.   Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara belajar berdasar regulasi diri dengan sikap terhadap ekstrakurikuler, dan untuk mengetahui sumbangan efektif belajar berdasar regulasi diri. Populasi yang sesuai dengan karakteristik dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 113 siswa di SMA Mardisiswa Semarang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala belajar berdasar regulasi diri yang terdiri dari 31 item (α = 0,939), dan skala sikap terhadap ekstrakurikuler yang terdiri dari 30 item (α = 0,970).Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa belajar berdasar regulasi diri berhubungan secara positif dengan sikap terhadap ekstrakurikuler yang ditunjukkan dengan rxy= 0,529 dengan tingkat signifikansi korelasi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai koefisiensi determinasi sebesar 0, 280. Artinya adalah belajar berdasar regulasi diri siswa memberikan pengaruh sebesar 28% terhadap sikap terhadap ekstrakurikuler. Sedangkan 72% sikap terhadap ekstrakurikuler dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar variabel penelitian ini. Faktor- faktor tersebut antara lain adalah pengalaman pribadi, pengaruh orang lain yang dianggap penting, pengaruh kebudayaan, media massa, lembaga agama, dan pengaruh faktor emosional   Kata kunci: Regulasi Diri, Ekstrakurikuler

Test and Research to the Dank Ratio of Woven Filtering Fabric

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Gui Fen Yao ◽  
Jian Hua Yin ◽  
Hai Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

No matter for clothes fabric or industry fabric, the water permeability is an important performance indicator. In order to explore relationship of the water permeability of woven filtering fabrics with the fabric structure parameters, we design sixteen fabric. According to the national standards of determination of water permeability of woven filtering fabric, we test the dank ratio of the design fabric. In this paper we analysis the water permeability and structure parameter of woven filtering fabric with test the quality of water on some time through woven fabrics. We calculated the dank ratio from the water permeable quality and other parameters. The results indicate that, the effect of fabric texture on the dank ratio of woven fabrics is that the dank ratio of the plain weave is the smallest and the satin weave is the biggest. In addition, the relationship between overall covering factor and water permeability showed that the water permeability decreases along with the overall covering factor increasing. A linear regression equation between dank ratio and overall covering factor is get from the test results. In order to get big dank ratio, we should produce fabric with satin weave and lower overall covering factor.

Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Tailings

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Jian Bin Zhao ◽  
Ying Chun Ji ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Di Li
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cyclic Triaxial Tests ◽  
Copper Tailings ◽  
Fine Grain

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics for three different kinds of copper tailings are studied through a series of cyclic triaxial tests. It is found that under confining pressure 200 and 300 kPa, elastic modulus raises with the increasement of coarse grain content to a certain degree and then declines, and the maximum elastic modulus corresponds to good gradation. While, as for confining pressure 100 kPa, elastic modulus raises with the increasement of fine grain content. It is also found that elastic modulus raises with the increasement of confning pressure. And, damping ratio raises with the increasement of shear strain and finally to a stable value. Finally, the fitting Gd/Gdmax~ curve for three kinds of tailings shows the reasonableness of test results.

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