The Importance of Clinical Data for the Diagnosis of Breast Tumours in North Afghanistan

Background. This study was performed in knowledge of the increasing gap between breast disease treatment in countries with restricted resources and developed countries with increasingly sophisticated examination methods. Methods. The authors present the analysis of a breast disease register consisting of diagnostic cases from Mazar e Sharif and Herat in 2018 and 2019. The study comprises a total of 567 cases, which were presented to experts via telemedicine for final diagnosis. 62 cases (10.9%) were excluded due to inacceptable data or insufficient image quality. These data provided by daily diagnostic classification were used for the built-up of a profile for each frequent breast disease and a breast cancer register. All images and cases were seen by at least 3 independent experts. The diagnoses were made in 60% of cases by cytology of fine needle aspiration and in 40% by histological images. Results. For each entity of breast diseases (e.g., fibroadenoma), a profile of context variables was constructed allowing to assist medical decisions, as “wait and see,” elective surgery or immediate surgical intervention with R0 (complete) resection. These “profiles” could be described for fibroadenoma, mastitis, galactocele, fibrous-cystic disease, and invasive breast cancer. Conclusions. The presented preliminary data set could serve as a cost-effective basis for a North Afghan breast cancer registry, with option to extent to a national model. These preliminary data are transformed in profiles of breast diseases, which are used by the local physicians in charge of breast disease patients. Each new case can be compared by the local treating physician with the profile of all preceded cases with the same diagnosis.

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Patterns of Breast Diseases Among Women Attending Breast Diseases Diagnosing Center in Erbil City/Iraq

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n4p114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Zena Habeeb Yousif ◽

Selwa Elias Yacoub

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Benign Condition ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Malignant Breast

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Breast diseases in women, whether benign or malignant, are very commonly encountered. The pattern of breast diseases varies within countries. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of breast diseases and their association with different variables in women attending breast diseases diagnosing center in Erbil city/Iraq.MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted at breast diseases diagnosing center in Erbil city from 1st of April till 1st of December /2017. A random sample of 500 women of all age groups and with complete records was recruited. The women were classified according to their final diagnosis into 3 categories: normal, benign and malignant breast disease. The level of significance was <0.05.RESULTS: Benign breast diseases diagnosed among (63%) women while malignant breast diseases comprised (13.2%).The most common presentation was mastalgia and mass (39.2%), mastalgia (37.6%), and mass alone (23.2%). Fibro-adenoma (26.2%) was the commonest benign condition with highest incidence (76.9%) in age group less than 20 years. Malignant breast diseases were increasing with age. Benign breast disease associated (p <0.001) with Nulliparity. Breast cancer reported (p <0.001) more among lactating women.CONCLUSIONS: Benign conditions are the most common diagnosis affecting mainly younger women. Breast cancer though diagnosed less frequently and affecting older age groups, yet its seriousness mandating a thorough assessment of women of different presentations especially that of mass alone or with mastalgia.

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Descriptive study of breast problems in women who present to the general outpatient of a tertiary hospital in eastern region of Nepal

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v11i1.7599 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Rajani Giri ◽

R Bhandari ◽

I Mahato ◽

M Poudel ◽

S Kumari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Breast Abscess ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background: Breast problems are common among female patient attending general outpatient. Although the problem is expected to have significant morbidity, patients usually hide or present late for breast related problems in Nepal. Objective: To measure the pattern of breast diseases and its frequency and distribution in different age groups among patients attending general outpatient department at BPKIHS, Nepal. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted in general outpatient department (GOPD) of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) during a period of six months. Women of all age groups presenting with breast problem were included. Clinical assessment, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and radiology were done. Mammography being unavailable at the hospital, ultrasonography was the preferred method of imaging. Results: Hundred cases of breast diseases were assessed. The benign breast disease (BBD) was the commonest finding (96%). Among BBD, fibroadenoma was the commonest (32%) followed by breast abscess (26%) and mastalgia (22%) including cyclic and non cyclic. The common age groups of involvement were 30-39 years for fibroadenoma, 20-29 years for breast abscess, 30-39 years for cyclic mastalgia, 40- 49 years for non cyclic mastalgia and 70-79 years for breast cancer. Conclusion: BBD is the most common breast problem in women. Among BBD, fibroadenoma was the most common. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 33-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i1.7599

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TSH receptor antibodies in breast cancer and benign breast disease: a hospital based study

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175397 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 3989

Author(s):

Jawahar Krishnaswamy ◽

Reshma Sattar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Prognostic Markers ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Tsh Receptor ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Breast Tumours ◽

Receptor Antibody ◽

Tsh Receptor Antibody ◽

Receptor Antibodies ◽

Tsh Receptor Antibodies

Background: Associations between breast cancer, benign breast tumours and thyroid disorders are reported in numerous studies. Relationship between thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), and breast cancer have been previously demonstrated. However, no analysis has been performed concerning an association between thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) and breast cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of TSH Receptor antibodies in women with breast cancer or benign breast tumours, and to analyze a possible relationship between TSH Receptor antibodies, and these two groups of breast diseases with emphasis to laboratory findings.Methods: Clinical and laboratory details of 87 women hospitalized were prospectively analyzed, using an Post hoc Tukey HSD for normally distributed continuous data, chi-square test for comparison.Results: TSH Receptor antibody levels in breast cancer was statistically significant. We observed TSHRAb more frequently in patients with breast cancer. We found that TSHRAb is the only variable possessing as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.Conclusions: The present study indicates that the serum levels of TSH Receptor Antibody are significant higher in patients with Breast cancer. These results have implications not only for the screening of patients but also for the development of new prognostic markers. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed to explore whether TSH Receptor Antibodies are potential prognostic markers for patients with Breast cancer.

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BREAST CYTOPATHOLOGY REPORTING USING THE NEWLY PROPOSED IAC YOKOHAMA SYSTEM: A SINGLE INSTITUTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEM AND UTILITY OF BREAST FNAC.

10.36106/ijsr/4801280 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Bhawna Agnani ◽

Deepika * Hemrajani ◽

Kusum Mathur ◽

Sankalp Agnani

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Aspiration Cytology ◽

System A ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽

International Academy ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

Breast carcinoma is the second most common cancer in females in developing and developed countries. Recently the International academy of cytology (IAC) proposed a new reporting system for breast ne needle aspiration cytology. We aimed to categorize the breast FNAC samples according to the IACYokohama guidelines and obtain the cyto-histopath correlation. Breast FNAC specimens (n=603) received at our institution from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017 were reclassied according to the newly proposed IACYokohama reporting system.Among 603 aspirates, 448 caseswere reported as benign breastlesions. 21 caseswere reported as atypia and 16cases assuspicious and41caseswereofmalignancy.Histopathological conrmationwas obtainedin100cases.Statistical analysiswas done. FNAC is an effective modality for the diagnosis of breast lesions. It is safe, simple and cost effective outpatient procedure with high sensitivity, specicity and accuracy.

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Diagnostic yield of transbronchial needle aspiration for lymphoma

South African Respiratory Journal ◽

10.7196/sarj.2016.v22i3.80 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

B Sonnekus ◽

J Steenkamp ◽

M Louw ◽

C F N Koegelenberg

Keyword(s):

Predictive Value ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Tracheobronchial Tree ◽

Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Hilar Adenopathy ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a minimally invasive bronchoscopic technique that is cost-effective and safe for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar adenopathy in lung cancer, other malignancies, sarcoidosis and infectious processes such as tuberculosis. Few studies have analysed the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of TBNA for diagnosing lymphoma.Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic yield of TBNA for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar adenopathy in suspected lymphoma.Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of collected data of patients with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy adjacent to the tracheobronchial tree detected by thoracic computed tomography, who underwent TBNA at Tygerberg Hospital between July 2010 and June 2013. We included 25 patients with suspected or proven lymphoma. Histology was used as the gold standard.Results. Adequate samples for cytological evaluation were obtained for 22 (88%) patients. Cytological diagnosis was possible for 8 (32%). For 17 (68%) who could not be diagnosed by TBNA alone, histology provided final diagnosis. Rapid on-site examination (ROSE) was performed in 23 (92%). In 17/23 (74%) cases, these had similar results to formal cytology. Only 4 (16%) had flow cytometry requested. Twelve (48%) had lymphoma confirmed on histology. TBNA cytology had 100% specificity and positive predictive value for suspicion of lymphoma. Sensitivity was 33% and negative predictive value 62%.Conclusion. TBNA is an appropriate first-line diagnostic procedure in evaluating mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in suspected lymphoma. Biopsy should be the immediate second-line procedure when ROSE/cytology is suspicious of lymphoma or shows atypical cells. Patients with negative TBNA cytology, but high clinical or radiological suspicion of lymphoma, should be further investigated.

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Benign Breast Diseases and Body Mass Index: Is There a Correlation?

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481408000516 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 461-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stacey O'Brien ◽

Gopal Chandru Kowdley

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Breast Biopsy ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Breast cancer is the leading cancer affecting women in America. Body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for the development of breast cancer. The relationship of BMI to benign breast disease is less clear. In addition, certain benign pathologies are associated with an increased risk of cancer. We sought to measure the incidence of benign pathologies and to correlate these findings with BMI and age. All patients undergoing breast biopsy at our center from 2000 to 2005 were identified (n = 1717). Age, BMI, family history, sex, and diagnosis were determined. Patients were grouped into BMI, age, and intervention groups. χ2 ( P < 0.05) was used to identify statistical significance. Fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma were seen with a lower incidence for patients older than 55 years of age, whereas pathologies requiring further surgical intervention were seen in higher proportions in patients older than 55 years of age. All pathologies were noted to decrease with increasing BMI, except for fibroadenoma, which peaked in BMI group 25 to 29.9 kg/m2. The presence of benign pathologies was associated with age as expected. Interestingly, although BMI is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, increasing BMI was not associated with benign pathologies that are associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Further study of this area is warranted.

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Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan Evaluation in Breast Cancer: A Study on 425 Patients

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v30i2.37808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

MM Arif Hosen ◽

Nasrin Begum ◽

Mosharrof Hossain ◽

Parvez Ahmed ◽

Pupree Mutsuddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Bone Scan ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Skeletal Metastasis ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Skeletal Metastases ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Phase Images

Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer, especially in 'developed' countries. 30-85% of metastatic breast cancer patients will develop bone metastases during the course of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skeletal metastases in breast cancer patients by using Tc-99m MDP bone scan. A retrospective study was conducted on 425 consecutive female breast carcinoma patients referred for bone scan to Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajshahi from January 2015 to November 2017. Bone scan was performed by an intravenous bolus injection of 20 mCi Tc99m-MDP (technetium 99m methylenediphosphonate). Bone phase images were taken at three hours after injection of the radiotracer. Out of 425 patients, 290 patients (68.24%) had either normal bone scan or negative for skeletal secondaries and 135 patients (31.76%) were positive for skeletal metastases.Out of 135 positive bone scans 114 (84.44%) patients had multiple sites (two or more) and 21 (15.56%) patients had solitary site of bony involvement. Highest number of skeletal metastases was noted in thoraco-lumbar spine (81.48%). Other sites of metastases were in cervical spine (22.96%), pelvic bones (54.81%), ribs (40.74%), sternum (16.30%), scapula (19.26%), upper extremities (28.15%), lower extremities (36.30%), skull bone (12.60%) and clavicle (13.33%). Tc-99m MDP bone scan is very cost effective in comparison to other imaging modalities (CT, MRI, and PET) and play a major role in early detection of skeletal metastasis in breast cancer patients.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(2): 49-52

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Organochlorine compounds and breast cancer risk

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200375111973 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 75 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1973-2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. A. Mendez ◽

Lenore Arab

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Serum Samples ◽

High Exposure ◽

Cancer Rates

A number of epidemiologic studies on organochlorines (OCs) and breast cancer risk have been published. The majority (n = 18) measured OCs in adipose tissue, primarily from mammary biopsies in cancer cases and controls with benign breast disease, and studied incident disease. Seven of these studies each included fewer than 50 cases and controls and had limited capacity for covariate adjustment. Eleven studies used serum samples collected from 6 months to 25 years prior to diagnosis. An additional 13 studies (2 with some overlap) used serum collected at or after diagnosis. Regardless of the medium used to measure OC levels, studies conducted to date do not provide consistent evidence that any of the OCs examined thus far play a role in the initial breast cancer risk. This paper provides a compound specific review with discussion of how the lack of evidence for adverse effects might be explained by factors related to study design, or by variation in risk across subgroups. The sum of the evidence does not implicate any OC compound as significantly related to risk of occurrence of breast cancer. The evidence base is greatest for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). Limited research has been done on individual polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their isomers. The studies of OC exposure reflect current exposure levels of chemicals banned as long ago as 20 years. Although the information is extremely limited and not without major design flaws, the association between OCs and disease severity and progression is interesting and worthy of further examination. More studies are needed on OCs other than DDTs in developing countries where use is more recent or continuing, especially given that most estrogenic OCs are not persistent. It is possible that other pathways may be involved, including activity related to cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); there is limited research to date on this hypothesis. In developed countries, a body mass index (BMI)/weight loss model may warrant further analysis, perhaps using existing data. OC exposures cannot reliably be related to trends in breast cancer incidence, as other known risk factors for breast cancer, such as childbearing and lactation, have changed along with OC residues during this timeframe. Changes in screening and treatment over time also complicate making such links. Ecologic data relating high-exposure countries to high breast cancer mortality rates do not suggest a strong link. Breast cancer rates are not generally higher in parts of the world with high DDE levels. Countries with relatively similar levels of PCBs, such as Great Britain and Japan, have very different breast cancer rates. As OCs are present in the environment as mixtures of correlated isomers and metabolites, it may be difficult to distinguish possible causal links from associations in which measured compounds are merely markers of other underlying exposures. For highly correlated compounds, traditional adjustment strategies may not be feasible. More complex analytical strategies may help to isolate potentially relevant isomers.

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SVM &Ga-clustering Based Feature Selection Approach for Breast Cancer Detection

International Journal on Soft Computing Artificial Intelligence and Applications ◽

10.5121/ijscai.2020.9401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Rashmi Priya ◽

Syed Wajahat Abbas Rizvi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Data Mining ◽

Genetic Programming ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Data Set ◽

Malignant Breast ◽

Intelligent Methods

Mortality leading among women in developed countries is breast cancer. Breast cancer is women's second most prominent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In recent decades, women's high prevalence of breast cancer has risen dramatically. This paper discussed several data analysis methods used to detect breast cancer early. Breast cancer diagnosis distinguishes benign and malignant breast lumps. Using data processing tools, we tackled this disease analysis. Data mining is an important step of library discovery where intelligent methods are used to detect patterns. Several clinical breast cancer studies were conducted using soft computing and machine learning techniques. Sometimes their algorithms are easier, easier, or more comprehensive than others. This research is focused on genetic programming and machine learning algorithms to reliably identify benign and malignant breast cancer. This study aimed to optimise the testing algorithm. We used genetic programming methods to choose classification machines' best features and parameter values. Data mining is an important step of library discovery where intelligent methods are used to detect patterns. We are analysing data accessible from the U.C.I. deep-learning data set in Wisconsin. In this experiment, we equate four Weka clustering strategies with genetic clustering. A comparison of results reveals that sequential minimal optimization (S.M.O.) is better than I.B.K. and B.F. Tree processes, i.e. 97.71%.

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The epidemiological and clinicopathological study of benign breast disease with special reference to treatment regimen

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20174144 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3317

Author(s):

Anand Kumar Jaiswal ◽

Rakesh Saxena ◽

Shesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Benign Breast Disease ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Lobular Carcinoma ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Dilemma ◽

Medical College ◽

Benign Breast Diseases ◽

Ductal Hyperplasia

Background: Benign breast disease can be defined to include all those breast diseases which are not malignant. The diagnostic dilemma is for the disease like atypical ductal hyperplasia, mammary intra epithelial neoplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ.Methods: An epidemiological study of 78 patients of benign breast diseases who attend the surgery OPD or admitted as indoor patients in the department of general surgery, B.R.D. Medical College Gorakhpur during a period of one year.Results: Benign breast diseases were most common in third decade (51.28%) following fourth decade (23.07%) of life. Most of the patients belongs to middle (37.1%) and higher (32.5%) socioeconomic status. Fibroadenosis (34.61%) was found to be commonest lesion followed by fibroadenoma (26.92%) and mastitis (24.35%).Conclusions: In our study of benign breast disease, breast pain was the commonest presenting symptom (64.01%) followed by lump in the breast (42.3%). The final diagnosis of benign breast lesion in descending order was fibroadenosis (34.6%), fibroadenoma (26.9%), mastitis (24.4%), duct ectasia (3.8%) and dermatitis of nipple, gynaecomastia 2.56% each. Only one case each (1.2%) of cystosarcoma phyllode, duct papilloma, tuberculosis and galactocele was seen.

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