scholarly journals Comparison of the Knowledge and Practices in Medicine Dispensing between Retail Medicine Shops and Model Pharmacies in Dhaka Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mst Marium Begum ◽  
Sanzana Fareen Rivu ◽  
Md. Ziauddin Iqbal ◽  
Nuzhat Tabassum ◽  
Nurnahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Dispensing Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Courses

Model pharmacy has been adopted recently to upgrade the healthcare delivery system in Bangladesh. This study was aimed to analyze and compare the effectiveness of drug dispensing patterns, practices, and knowledge of both clients and dispensers of model pharmacies over traditional retail medicine shops. Two established methods, namely, client simulated method (CSM) and provider interview method (PIM), were employed to determine the practice differences in 90 retail medicine shops and 90 model pharmacies in and around Dhaka city. The results are represented primarily in comparison with corresponding percentages. The survey results did not fully support the findings obtained from the observations of the CSM as PIM contrasted these to some extent, and the differences are statistically significant ( p < 0.0001 ). According to CSM, the presence of A-grade pharmacists during working hours in retail medicine shops was 0%, and 63% in model pharmacies. As reported by PIM, in the retail medicine shops, 36% of clients were ignorant of visiting doctors before purchasing medicine. On the other hand, only 18% of clients could visit doctors. As per CSM, 40% of clients did not follow doctors' recommendations for completion of the full dose of antibiotics bought from retail medicine shops and 51% did not finish full antibiotic courses collected from model pharmacies. Additionally, CSM revealed that 28% of the clients administered leftover drugs following old and obsolete prescriptions of retail medicine shops and 21% of clients followed the same practices in terms of model pharmacies. The report of CSM revealed that 95% of dispensers of retail medicine shops sold medicine without prescription except over-the-counter (OTC), and in the model pharmacies, the percentage was 77%. The qualitative findings revealed substandard practices and dispensing pattern too. Model pharmacies were established to prevent aberrant medicine dispensing patterns and ensure proper medication dispensing practices and medicine intake. This research could not verify the situation that pharmacists or owners of model pharmacies were fully abiding by the guidelines set for them by the Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA).

The Relationship between Working Environment and Internship Satisfaction Level: A Case Study Of A 4-Star Hotel Restaurant In Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-291
Author(s):  
Chatarina Natalia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
The Relationship

There are many factors that can lead to internship satisfaction. Working environment is one of the factors that will result to such outcome. However, many organizations discarded the fact of its importance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between working environment and internship satisfaction level as well as to determine whether the dimensions of working environment significantly affect internship satisfaction. The said dimensions are, learning opportunities, supervisory support, career development opportunities, co-workers support, organization satisfaction, working hours and esteem needs. A total of 111 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were processed by SPSS program to obtain the result of this study. The results reveal that learning opportunities, career development opportunities, organization satisfaction and esteem needs are factors that contribute to internship satisfaction level. In the other hand, supervisory support, co-workers support and working hours are factors that lead to internship dissatisfaction. The result also shows that organization satisfaction is the strongest factor that affects internship satisfaction while co-workers support is the weakest.

Investigation Of Over The Counter (Otc ) Pharmaceutical Brands Prefered By New Age Indian Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Dr.G. Madhumita ◽  
Dr.G. Rajini ◽  
Dr.B. Subisha
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
New Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Prescription Medicines ◽  
Otc Medicines

The study investigates the preference of OTC Medicines among the pharmaceutical brand.OTC Medicines means medicines lawfully permitted to sell  “Over the Counter”, i.e. devoid of the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner. In India, although the expression has no lawful acknowledgment, all the medicines that are not incorporated in the list of ‘prescription only medicines’ are measured as non-prescription medicines (or OTC Medicines).Pharmaceutical over the counter products (OTC) be the medicines which can be sold without prescription. Also termed as “Non Prescription Medicines” discussed by Arti(2010).This article talks about top pharmaceutical company brands Aventis Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Surya Pharma, Torrent Pharma,Glenmark,Divis Labs,Biocon, Orchid Chemical, Abbott Indi, Sterling Bio, Alembic Pharma etc, the brand preference of New Age Indian Women. A 736 questionnaire was composed of different age and different New Age Indian Women in around Urban :Chennai ;Semi Urban :Neyveli ; Rural :Soolurpet ;Tirupur. The findings of the study shows that the highest preferred generic brand is balms,  Medicines chosen  for fever is Crocin, Idoex  is most ideal pain blams, volini spray is also most preferred brand, ENO is ideal Antacid brand, Sadiron is another chosen brand for cough and cold, the other brands are Metfal SPS, Johnson, Revital are the other favored brands. The study will be a great instrument for the pharmaceutical companies brands to understand today’s New Age Indian Women.

Prerequisites to support high-quality clinical trials in children and young people

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2019-318677
Author(s):  
Steven Hirschfeld ◽  
Florian B Lagler ◽  
Jenny M Kindblom
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Right ◽  
Support Decision Making

Children have the right to treatment based on the same quality of information that guides treatment in adults. Without the proper evaluation of medicinal products and devices in paediatric clinical trials that are designed to meet the rigorous standards of the competent authorities, children are discriminated from advances in medicine. There are regulatory, scientific and ethical incentives to address the knowledge gap regarding efficacy and safety of medicines in the paediatric population. High-quality clinical trials involving children of all ages can generate data that will ultimately close the knowledge gaps and support decision making.For clinical trials that enrol children, the needs are specialised and often resource intensive. Prerequisites for successful paediatric clinical trials are personnel with training in both paediatrics and neonatology and expertise in clinical trials in these populations. Moreover, national and international networks for efficient collaboration, dissemination of information, and sharing of resources and expertise are also needed, together with competent, efficient and high-quality local infrastructure with effective processes. Monitoring and oversight bodies with the relevant competence, including expertise in paediatrics, is also an important prerequisite for paediatric clinical trials. Compromise in any of these components will compromise the downstream results.This paper discusses the structures and competences needed in order to perform effective, high-quality paediatric clinical trials with the ultimate goal of better medicines and treatments for children. We propose a model of examining the process as a series of components that each has to be optimised, then all the components are actively optimised to function together as an ecosystem, and the resulting ecosystem functions well with the general research system and the healthcare delivery system.

The healthcare delivery system: an overview

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Chronic Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Primary Care Level ◽  
Internal Markets ◽  
System A ◽  
Policy Challenge

This chapter provides an overview of the healthcare delivery system. A figure illustrates how six different parts of the system relate to each other. The primary care level plays a key role in many countries by representing the gate, in which referrals to secondary care are being made. Tertiary care is principally of two types depending on patients’ prognosis: chronic care or rehabilitation. In addition to the three care levels, there are two parts with quite different roles: pharmacies provide pharmaceuticals, and sickness benefit schemes compensate the sick for their income losses. A recurrent policy challenge is to make each provider level take into account the resource implications of their isolated decisions outside of their own budgets. A brief discussion is included on the scope for ‘internal markets’.

How Research Will Adapt to HIPAA: A View from Within the Healthcare Delivery System

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Mary L. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Institutional Review

While the new Health Insurance Privacy and Accountability Act (HIPAA) research rules governing privacy, confidentiality and personal health information will challenge the research and medical communities, history teaches us that the difficulty of this challenge pales in comparison to the potential harms that such regulations are designed to avoid. Although revised following broad commentary from researchers and healthcare providers around the country, the HIPAA privacy requirements will dramatically change the way healthcare researchers do their jobs in the United States. Given our reluctance to change, we risk overlooking potentially valid reasons why access to personal health information is restricted and regulated. In an environment of electronic information, public concern, genetic information and decline of public trust, regulations are ever-changing. Six categories of HIPAA requirements stand out as transformative: disclosure accounting/tracking, business associations, institutional review board (IRB) changes, minimum necessary requirements, data de-identification, and criminal and civil penalties.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Ebinger ◽  
Gregory J Botwin ◽  
Christine M Albert ◽  
Mona Alotaibi ◽  
Moshe Arditi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
African American Race

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the factors associated with seroprevalence across a diverse cohort of healthcare workers.DesignObservational cohort study of healthcare workers, including SARS-CoV-2 serology testing and participant questionnaires.SettingsA multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County.ParticipantsA diverse and unselected population of adults (n=6062) employed in a multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County, including individuals with direct patient contact and others with non-patient-oriented work functions.Main outcomesUsing Bayesian and multivariate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody levels, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential COVID-19 illness-related exposures; and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection.ResultsWe observed a seroprevalence rate of 4.1%, with anosmia as the most prominently associated self-reported symptom (OR 11.04, p<0.001) in addition to fever (OR 2.02, p=0.002) and myalgias (OR 1.65, p=0.035). After adjusting for potential confounders, seroprevalence was also associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.98, p=0.001) and African-American race (OR 2.02, p=0.027) as well as contact with a COVID-19-diagnosed individual in the household (OR 5.73, p<0.001) or clinical work setting (OR 1.76, p=0.002). Importantly, African-American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with antibody positivity even after adjusting for personal COVID-19 diagnosis status, suggesting the contribution of unmeasured structural or societal factors.Conclusion and relevanceThe demographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among our healthcare workers underscore the importance of exposure sources beyond the workplace. The size and diversity of our study population, combined with robust survey and modelling techniques, provide a vibrant picture of the demographic factors, exposures and symptoms that can identify individuals with susceptibility as well as potential to mount an immune response to COVID-19.

scholarly journals The characteristics of patients with possible familial hypercholesterolemia—screening a large payer/provider healthcare delivery system

QJM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Elis ◽  
M Leventer-Roberts ◽  
A Bachrach ◽  
N Lieberman ◽  
R Durst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an under-diagnosed condition. Aim We applied standard laboratory criteria across a large longitudinal electronic medical record database to describe cross-sectional population with possible FH. Methods A cross-sectional study of Clalit Health Services members. Subjects who met the General Population MED-PED laboratory criteria, excluding: age &lt;10 years, documentation of thyroid, liver, biliary or autoimmune diseases, a history of chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater, the presence of urine protein &gt;300 mg/l, HDL-C&gt;80 mg/dl, active malignancy or pregnancy at the time of testing were considered possible FH. Demographic and clinical characteristics are described at time of diagnosis and at a single index date following diagnosis to estimate the burden on the healthcare system. The patient population is also compared to the general population. Results The study cohort included 12 494 subjects with out of over 4.5 million members of Clalit Health Services. The estimated prevalence of FH in Israel was found to be 1:285. These patients are notably positive for, and have a family history of, cardiovascular disease and risk factors. For most of them the LDL-C levels are not controlled, and only a quarter of them are medically treated. Conclusions By using the modified MED-PED criteria in a large electronic database, patients with possible FH can be identified enabling early intervention and treatment.

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