scholarly journals Assessment on the Current State of On-Farm Diversity and Genetic Erosion in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces from Bale Highlands, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fekadu Gadissa ◽  
Meskerem Abebe ◽  
Berhane Worku
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Order Estimate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Southeast Ethiopia ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
On Farm

Barley landraces is among the major cereal crops grown in Ethiopian highlands including Bale highlands. However, in recent days, the crop is highly declining to the extents of total loss. This study was, therefore, aimed at assessing the extents of its on-farm diversity and genetic erosion from Bale highlands, Ethiopia. Data were generated from twelve administrative districts and analyzed considering important ecological and genetic erosion models. A total of 25 distinct (at least in naming) barley landraces with varying distribution patterns have been identified in the areas. Landrace richness ( R ) revealed higher magnitude among all the study districts, the smallest being 2.02 ( D Mg ) and 1.41 ( D Mn ) and considerable range of variations ( D Mg = 2.02 to 5.02, D Mn = 1.41 to 3.17). Among the study districts, Dinsho consisted the highest on-farm diversity estimate ( D Mg = 5.02 , D Mn = 3.17 ) followed by Goba and Sinana ( D Mg = 4.50 and 3.97; D Mn = 2.87 and 2.57 in that order). Estimate of the landrace evenness ( E ) also showed the highest magnitude (>0.95) except in Agarfa district (0.77). The result suggests potentiality of the areas and wide cultivation of majority of the landraces in the villages. However, nowadays, only 14 landraces are under cultivation and the remaining 11 are totally eroded from the district(s) constituting the highest (56.0%) combined genetic erosion suggesting loss of important agronomic traits and, thus, a major bottleneck for further improvement and conservation plans. Thus, attention should be payed to conserving the landraces for better further use.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological Variability Study of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces in Jumla, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salik R. Gupta ◽  
Madhusudan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Uma S. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Variability Study ◽  
Range Of Variation

Barley is an important winter cereal crop in Jumla (2240-3000 masl), Nepal. It is grown in different cropping patterns in both Khet and Bari land conditions. A total of 207 accessions of barley landraces collected from various locations of Jumla were studied for agromorphological characteristics in Khumaltar and Jumla. Data on eight qualitative and five quantitative traits in 2-m row plot were recorded to assess diversity among the landraces. Bhuwali, Chawali, Lekali and Pawai were four farmer-named traditional barley varieties under cultivation in Jumla. A range of variability was observed among the accessions of barley landraces. All accessions are six-row covered barley possessing rough awns and whitish-brown grains. These landraces exhibit a range of variation in growth class, spike density and rachilla hair length. Lekali and Pawai are adapted to the high-altitude area of Jumla. Cluster analysis of measured data under on-farm and on-station conditions indicated five distinct clusters. Three principal components explained 84.3% and 60.2% of the total variation from on-station and on-farm, respectively.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 1-11DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11635

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Serbian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Collection during a 40-Year Long Breeding Period

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Brbaklić ◽  
Dragana Trkulja ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Material

Determination of genetic diversity and population structure of breeding material is an important prerequisite for discovering novel and valuable alleles aimed at crop improvement. This study’s main objective was to characterize genetic diversity and population structure of a collection representing a 40-year long historical period of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding, using microsatellites, pedigree, and phenotypic data. The set of 90 barley genotypes was phenotyped during three growing seasons and genotyped with 338 polymorphic alleles. The indicators of genetic diversity showed differentiation changes throughout the breeding periods. The population structure discriminated the breeding material into three distinctive groups. The principal coordinate analysis grouped the genotypes according to their growth habit and row type. An analysis of phenotypic variance (ANOVA) showed that almost all investigated traits varied significantly between row types, seasons, and breeding periods. A positive effect on yield progress during the 40-year long breeding period could be partly attributed to breeding for shorter plants, which reduced lodging and thus provided higher yield stability. The breeding material revealed a considerable diversity level based on microsatellite and phenotypic data without a tendency of genetic erosion throughout the breeding history and implied dynamic changes in genetic backgrounds, providing a great gene pool suitable for further barley improvement.

COMPARISON OF HILL AND ROW PLOTS FOR AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SPRING MALTING BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TRAGOONRUNG ◽  
P. M. HAYES ◽  
B. L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hill Plot ◽  
Hill Plots

Provided they reliably predict row plot performance, hill plots should be useful for doubled haploid recurrent selection in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The primary objective of this research was to compare hill and row plot expression of agronomic and malting quality traits in an array of elite spring habit barley germplasm grown under irrigated conditions. A supporting objective was to identify an appropriate seeding rate for hill plot evaluation. Eight-replicate hill plots at four seeding rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 seeds per hill) were compared with adjacent four-replicate row plots in each of three environments. Genotype and genotype × environment interactions were significant for most agronomic traits in both plot types. Significant, linear genotype responses to hill plot seeding rates were observed for most agronomic traits. Seeding rate had no consistent effect on the expression of malting quality. The percentage of lines in common in the two plot types at 25 and 50% selection intensities was the most useful comparison statistic and indicated hill plot selection should be effective for most agronomic and malting quality traits. Although yield heritability estimates were consistently high in both hill and row plots, there was little relationship between trait expression in the two plot types. Differential tillering in response to hill plot competition is likely responsible. A seeding rate of 10 seeds per hill should be appropriate in preliminary screening for traits amenable to hill plot selection in irrigated spring habit malting barley.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., malting quality, breeding methods, barley

scholarly journals Agronomic Evaluation and Yield Performance of Selected Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces from Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
Z. Al-Ajlouni ◽  
M. W. Akash ◽  
J. Abu-Elenein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected previously from main production areas across Jordan are expected to perform well under stressful environments. In this study, the agronomic performance of 10 Jordanian barley landraces and three local cultivars was evaluated in two locations for two growing seasons. Clear significant variations for all studied traits were observed among the selected genotypes, environments, and their interactions. The local cultivar Rum and Baladi landrace showed the best yield performance, while Herawi and Nabawi landraces produced the lowest yield across all environments. Clustering analysis using genotypic data from the iSelect 9k SNP barley array showed a clear grouping based on row type with 100% similarity level between the Syfi and Arabi landraces. The characterized Jordanian landraces can be used to improve barley resilience against climate change and associated conditions and are recommended in breeding programs to improve productivity under dry conditions.

scholarly journals Variation in shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity in barley

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Tilbrook ◽  
Rhiannon K. Schilling ◽  
Bettina Berger ◽  
Alexandre F. Garcia ◽  
Christine Trittermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ion Toxicity ◽  
High K ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Soil salinity can severely reduce crop growth and yield. Many studies have investigated salinity tolerance mechanisms in cereals using phenotypes that are relatively easy to measure. The majority of these studies measured the accumulation of shoot Na+ and the effect this has on plant growth. However, plant growth is reduced immediately after exposure to NaCl before Na+ accumulates to toxic concentrations in the shoot. In this study, nondestructive and destructive measurements are used to evaluate the responses of 24 predominately Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines at 0, 150 and 250 mM NaCl. Considerable variation for shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity (shoot ion-independent tolerance) was found, with some lines being able to maintain substantial growth rates under salt stress, whereas others stopped growing. Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum accessions and barley landraces predominantly had the best shoot ion independent tolerance, although two commercial cultivars, Fathom and Skiff, also had high tolerance. The tolerance of cv. Fathom may be caused by a recent introgression from H. vulgare L. spp. spontaneum. This study shows that the most salt-tolerant barley lines are those that contain both shoot ion-independent tolerance and the ability to exclude Na+ from the shoot (and thus maintain high K+ : Na+ ratios).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy)

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bonasia ◽  
Giulia Conversa ◽  
Corrado Lazzizera ◽  
Pasqua Loizzo ◽  
Giuseppe Gambacorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
On Farm

Interest in local landraces has unfortunately decreased over, the last decades, in which they have been continuously subjected to a high genetic erosion in favour of new modern varieties. Within the Puglia region (S-E Italy), Foggia province was found to be the richest in vegetable landraces. In the present study, six garlic landraces collected from this area have been assessed for their chemical composition (minerals, organic acids, free sugars, volatile, and phenolic compounds) along with their main morpho-biometrical traits. A commercial genotype was also considered as a reference standard. The landraces show a large variability, but in general high morphological standards, high levels of cations and phenols, and low levels of volatile-(S)-compounds in comparison with the commercial genotype and the literature values. ‘Aglio di Peschici’ and ‘Aglio Rosso di Monteleone di Puglia’ are very rich in minerals and phenols (mainly ferulic acid and iso-rhamnetin). This increase in knowledge on the chemical properties of these garlic landraces could represent a tool for encouraging the consumption of a food product. At the same time, the consumption of these landraces would stimulate their cultivation and could highly contribute to protection against the risk of erosion of agro-biodiversity by their in situ/on-farm conservation.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rhizobium Inoculants and Micronutrients as Technologies for Nepalese Common Bean Smallholder Farmers in the Real-World Context of Highly Variable Hillside Environments and Indigenous Farming Practices

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinda Thilakarathna ◽  
Tejendra Chapagain ◽  
Bhawana Ghimire ◽  
Roshan Pudasaini ◽  
Bir Tamang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
On Farm

Studies have shown the potential of rhizobia and associated micronutrients to enhance symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes. Tens of millions of smallholder farmers, however, farm on mountain hillsides in highly variable soil and microenvironments, with different crop rotations, inputs and cultural practices. Here, on the terraces of the Nepalese Himalayas, we evaluated rhizobium inoculants (local, exotic), micronutrients (molybdenum, boron) and their combinations as technologies for smallholder farmers under highly variable microenvironments and traditional practices. The study was conducted as a series of participatory on-farm trials with 39 terrace farmers in two mid-hill districts of Nepal (Dhading, Kaski) from 2015 to 2017. Plots were measured for relevant agronomic traits. As expected, when comparing treatment plots with adjacent control plots within each farm, the results demonstrated tremendous farm-to-farm variability for nodulation, vegetative biomass, shoot nitrogen content, grain yield, and grain N content. Despite the variation observed, the data showed that the number of farms that showed yield increases from the rhizobium interventions, compared to those that suffered yield losses, was generally 2:1. We discuss potential experimental and socio-agronomic reasons for the variable results, including rainfall, which appeared critical. The results demonstrate the promise of rhizobium interventions for hillside smallholder farmers, even in a highly variable context.

scholarly journals BarleyVarDB: a database of barley genomic variation

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Tan ◽  
Brett Chapman ◽  
Penghao Wang ◽  
Qisen Zhang ◽  
Gaofeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Barley Genome

Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the first domesticated grain crops and represents the fourth most important cereal source for human and animal consumption. BarleyVarDB is a database of barley genomic variation. It can be publicly accessible through the website at http://146.118.64.11/BarleyVar. This database mainly provides three sets of information. First, there are 57 754 224 single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3 600 663 insertions or deletions (InDels) included in BarleyVarDB, which were identified from high-coverage whole genome sequencing of 21 barley germplasm, including 8 wild barley accessions from 3 barley evolutionary original centers and 13 barley landraces from different continents. Second, it uses the latest barley genome reference and its annotation information publicly accessible, which has been achieved by the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium (IBSC). Third, 522 212 whole genome-wide microsatellites/simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also included in this database, which were identified in the reference barley pseudo-molecular genome sequence. Additionally, several useful web-based applications are provided including JBrowse, BLAST and Primer3. Users can design PCR primers to asses polymorphic variants deposited in this database and use a user-friendly interface for accessing the barley reference genome. We envisage that the BarleyVarDB will benefit the barley genetic research community by providing access to all publicly available barley genomic variation information and barley reference genome as well as providing them with an ultra-high density of SNP and InDel markers for molecular breeding and identification of functional genes with important agronomic traits in barley. Database URL: http://146.118.64.11/BarleyVar

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