scholarly journals Possible Risk of Thrombotic Events following Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccination in Women Receiving Estrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ava Soltani Hekmat ◽  
Kazem Javanmardi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

People who receive the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, particularly perimenopausal women who are on birth control or postmenopausal women who take estrogen supplements, may experience thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Estrogen and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine both have the potential to cause thrombus in different ways. Some postmenopausal women who are also taking estrogens may develop thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Therefore, women are encouraged to stop taking drugs containing estrogen before receiving this vaccine. Furthermore, consuming fish oil can help reduce the risk of developing blood clots among women who are in the luteal phase and, thus, have high estrogen levels. In addition, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19’s side effects in young women could be mitigated by administering it during the follicular phase.

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN YOUNG WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Granulose Cells ◽  
Efficiency Test

Introduction: Menstrual cycle or menstruation involved discharge of sanguinous fluid and a sloughing of uterine wall. In women menstruation occurs at regular intervals on an average of 28 days, although most women gave a history of regular intervals of 28 to 30 days. About 10% -15% of women showed cycle at the precise 28 ± 2 days intervals when menstrual calendar was utilized. Normally in young women in different phases of ovarian cycles the plasma levels of estrogen vary. Ovulation occurs in the first 12-13th day of menstrual cycle, which is termed estrogen surge and second occurs in mid-luteal phase. During mid cycle or follicular phase of menstrual cycle the plasma concentration of progesterone is very low about 0.9 ng/mL. its level starts rising owing to secretion from the granulose cells. During luteal phase progesterone level reaches its peak value of 18 ng/mL and its level fall to a minimum value toward the end of the cycle. Estrogen affects local and systemic vasodilation. The menstrual cycle envelops two fundamental stages, the follicular stage (FP) and the luteal stage (LP). The follicular stage can part advance into two substages; the early FP, which is characterised with moo concentrations of both the key hormones estrogen and progesterone; and the mid FP where estrogen is tall autonomously from progesterone. The LP is epitomized by tall concentration of both estrogen and progesterone. These two fundamental stages are isolated by a soak surge in luteinizing hormone activating ovulation. These recurrent changes are said to be frequency unsurprising while long time. Aim: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the Cardiorespiratory functions changes during different Phases of Menstrual Cycle.   Material and methods: In this study, 20 with normal weight, 20 with obese and 20 with overage were included and taken them as a sample size. In this study all the young women those were recruited as a sample size are unmarried, undergraduate female student with the between the age group of 18-22years, having regular 28+6 days menstrual cycle for at least last 6months prior to this study. For the collection of data all the participants were instructed to attend the physiology lab department during each of three different phases. Day-2 during menstrual phase, Day-7, during follicular phase and Day-22 during luteal phase and the following parameters were recorded as Anthropometric measurements, measuring of pulse rate and blood pressure and cardiac efficiency test. Result: In general, work out proficiency changed essentially amid the distinctive stages of the menstrual cycle with the most elevated amid luteal stage and least amid menstrualo stage. There was no critical contrast in impact test amid menstrual stage, follicular stage and luteal stage of menstrual cycle among three bunches of people. Conclusion: We have watched noteworthy increment in cardiac and respiratory proficiency within the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle in ordinary weight people. Lower wellness levels were watched in overweight and stout females. In this manner hone of customary work out and admissions of solid slim down which offer assistance in lessening the weight and in turn the BMI will offer assistance in improving the physical wellness of the people. Keywords: Cardiorespiratory, Menstrual cycle, expiratory blast test

scholarly journals Waist-to-Hip Ratio, but Not Body Mass Index, Is Associated with Testosterone and Estradiol Concentrations in Young Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mondragón-Ceballos ◽  
Mónica Dafne García Granados ◽  
Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina ◽  
Roberto Chavira-Ramírez ◽  
Leonor Estela Hernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Fertile Phase

We studied if testosterone and estradiol concentrations are associated with specific female waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) and body mass indices (BMIs). Participants were 187 young women from which waist, hips, weight, and height were measured. In addition, participants informed on which day of their menstrual cycle they were and provided a 6 mL saliva sample. Ninety-one of them were in the follicular phase and 96 in the luteal phase. Only in the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle we found a significant interaction between testosterone and estradiol affecting WHR (b±s.e.=-0.000003±0.000001; t94=-2.12, adjusted R2=-0.008, P=0.03). Women with the highest levels of both hormones had the lowest WHRs, while women with low estradiol and high testosterone showed the highest WHRs. BMI significantly increased as testosterone increased in female in their nonfertile days.

scholarly journals Relationship Of FEF25-75, Pefr And SVC With Estrogen And Progesterone Level In Postmenopausal Women

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinat Ara Polly ◽  
Shelina Begum ◽  
Sultana Ferdousi ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Estrogen Level ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Deterioration of lung function is common in women after menopause, which may be related to very low estrogen and progesterone level. Objective: To observe FEF25-75, PEFR and SVC (slow vital capacity) values in apparently healthy postmenopausal women to find out their relationships with serum estrogen and progesterone. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology in BSMMU, Dhaka in the year 2007. 30 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years and 30 healthy premenopausal women aged 20 to 30 years during their different phases of menstrual cycle were studied. Postmenopausal women were residents of Dhaka city and premenopausal subjects were medical students. FEF25-75, PEFR and SVC of all subjects were measured by a digital micro spirometer. Their estrogen and progesterone levels were estimated by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, one way ANOVA and unpaired‘t’ test Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FEF25-75 and PEFR were lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women but it was not significant. Measured values of SVC was Significantly (p<.001) lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. Again Mean serum estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly (p<.001) lower in post menopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. In post menopausal women, FEF25-75 was positively, PEFR and SVC were negatively correlated with progesterone level. PEFR and SVC showed positive correlattion and FEF25-75 showed negative correlation with serum estrogen level. All these correlations were statistically non significant. In premenopausal women FEF25-75 and PEFR showed positive correlation and SVC showed negative correlation with serum progesterone level. The relationships were statistically significant in luteal phase but nonsignificant in follicular phase. FEF25-75 ,PEFR and SVC were positively correlated with serum estrogen level in luteal phase but FEF25-75 and PEFR negatively correlated and SVC positively correlated with estrogen level in follicular phase. Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows FEF25-75 , PEFR and SVC may be reduced in postmenopausal women which in turn may be associated with their low progesterone and estrogen levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9761 JBSP 2011 6(2): 116-121

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG MELATARBELAKANGI UNMET NEED DI DUSUN JETAK DESA JASEM KECAMATAN NGORO KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ifa Roifah
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

This study is based on the high level of unmet need in Indonesia. The high level of unmet need for spacing found among young women is less than 30 years old and a high level of unmet need for an end to the group of women are elderly and have a number of children as expected. This study aims to determine the factors behind unmet need in Jetak Jasem Village Ngoro District Mojokerto Regency. This study was descriptive. The populations in this study were all EFA that do not use family planning in Jetak Jasem Village Ngoro District Mojokerto Regency as many as 33 EFA. Sampling of this research is total sampling. The variables in this study were age, income, education, occupation, and number of children. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results suggest that the age factor underlying the unmet need in Jetak Jasem Village Ngoro District Mojokerto Regency almost all respondents aged over 35 years, most of the income is less than or equal UMK, basic education, not working, and has two children. This suggests that the dominant factor behind the unmet need is the age factor. EFA did not use birth control due to feel old age, number of side effects that may arise as a result of birth control, forbidden by the husband to use birth control, the myth of the limit on the number of children that can be owned by the mother, and the herbal drink to not get pregnant.

The Activity of Thymidine Phosphorylase in the Uterine Myomas and the Myometrium in Perimenopausal Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Miszczak-Zaborska ◽  
J. Greger ◽  
U. Kowalska-Koprekh ◽  
T. Pajszczyk-Kieszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Thymidine Phosphorylase ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Uterine Myomas ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

Abstract The activity of thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) in the myometrium and uterine myomas has been investigated in perimenopausal women. Differences in the activity of dThdPase have been found depending on the myoma type, menopause stage and the phase of the menstrual cycle in which the surgery was performed. The enzyme in the cytoplasmatic soluble fraction obtain ed at 50 000 x g was the most active in cellular leiomyomas of the follicular phase, the least in adenomyom as of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, whereas its activity in myometrium was always unchanged. Greater differences can be observed in the activity of dThdPase after a partial purification of the enzyme from myomas. It seems that the increase in dThdPase activity may point to its correlation with transient, premalignant tumor which may later transform into malignant forms.

Acetaminophen does not affect 24-h body temperature or sleep in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1684-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona C. Baker ◽  
Helen S. Driver ◽  
Janice Paiker ◽  
Geoffrey G. Rogers ◽  
Duncan Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality

Body temperature and sleep change in association with increased progesterone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in young women. The mechanism by which progesterone raises body temperature is not known but may involve prostaglandins, inducing a thermoregulatory adjustment similar to that of fever. Prostaglandins also are involved in sleep regulation and potentially could mediate changes in sleep during the menstrual cycle. We investigated the possible role of central prostaglandins in mediating menstrual-associated 24-h temperature and sleep changes by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis with a therapeutic dose of the centrally acting cyclooxygenase inhibitor acetaminophen in the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in young women. Body temperature was raised, and nocturnal amplitude was blunted, in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. Acetaminophen had no effect on the body temperature profile in either menstrual cycle phase. Prostaglandins, therefore, are unlikely to mediate the upward shift of body temperature in the luteal phase. Sleep changed during the menstrual cycle: on the placebo night in the luteal phase the women had less rapid eye movement sleep and more slow-wave sleep than in the follicular phase. Acetaminophen did not alter sleep architecture or subjective sleep quality. Prostaglandin inhibition with acetaminophen, therefore, had no effect on the increase in body temperature or on sleep in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle in young women, making it unlikely that central prostaglandin synthesis underlies these luteal events.

Estrone sulfate concentrations in plasma of normal individuals, postmenopausal women with breast cancer, and men with cirrhosis.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rémy-Martin ◽  
O Prost ◽  
M Nicollier ◽  
J Burnod ◽  
G L Adessi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Estrone Sulfate ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract Estrone sulfate is quantitatively the most important estrogen in plasma. A method for its determination in human plasma is described, and the precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are defined. Free steroids were extracted from plasma with diethyl ether and steroid sulfates were isolated with use of Vlitos' reagent (methylene blue in dilute H2SO4/Na2SO4 solution). After enzymic hydrolysis, estrone was isolated by chromatography on Celite and measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean concentrations (nmol/L +/- 1 SD) of estrone sulfate were 2.51 +/- 0.90 for plasma from 13 women in follicular phase, 5.33 +/- 1.55 for 17 women in luteal phase, 0.89 +/- 0.60 for 44 postmenopausal women, and 0.96 +/- 0.43 for 24 postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Results for postmenopausal women with or without breast cancer did not differ significantly. For 13 normal men, estrone sulfate concentrations were 2.62 +/- 0.79 nmol/L, and for a group of 19 cirrhotic men the mean value was 1.43 +/- 0.95 nmol/L, significantly lower than normal.

Reproducible assessment of vaginal and rectal mucosal and skin blood flow: laser doppler fluximetry of the pelvic microcirculation

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. EMMANUEL ◽  
M. A. KAMM ◽  
R. W. BEARD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Head Up Tilt

Pelvic venous congestion is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Although this condition represents a functional disturbance of the pelvic circulation which is related to the menstrual cycle, its aetiology remains unknown. Indirect techniques demonstrate that the vasoconstrictive reflex response of the microcirculation of the foot to a rise in venous pressure is attenuated throughout the menstrual cycle. We wished to develop a simple and non-invasive direct measure of pelvic blood flow to aid diagnosis of this condition. Laser doppler blood flux measurements of the skin of the big toe and of the vaginal and rectal mucosa in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 12 healthy asymptomatic premenopausal women (mean age 30 years) with regular cycles and in four healthy asymptomatic postmenopausal women (mean age 59 years) were carried out both in the supine position and in response to 40° head-up tilt. The coefficient of variation of resting vaginal flux was lower for measurements in postmenopausal women (0.04) and in premenopausal women in the follicular phase (0.07) compared with those in the luteal phase (0.16). At rest, vaginal blood flow was higher than rectal and skin flux in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In the follicular phase a decrease in flow was observed in response to head-up tilt in the skin (-32.0%), vagina (-34.3%) and rectum (-9.4%). In the luteal phase this reflex was attenuated at these three sites (-8.6%, +6.7% and +7.4% respectively). There were no significant reflex changes in postmenopausal women. Thus laser doppler fluximetry is a reproducible method for comparing the flux of blood in the microcirculation of the skin and of the vaginal and rectal mucosa. The skin is the least sensitive site for testing vascular reactivity in response to cyclical changes. The vaginal and rectal microcirculations are the most sensitive sites for testing visceral cyclical reactivity, and have the advantage of direct anatomical relevance. The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is associated with greatest vascular reactivity and is the most appropriate phase during which to test for abnormal vascular responses.

EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE PROFILE OF PLASMA STEROIDS IN BABOONS (PAPIO HAMADRYAS)

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Goncharov ◽  
A. G. Taranov ◽  
A. V. Antonichev ◽  
V. M. Gorlushkin ◽  
T. Aso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Plasma Steroids ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT Adult baboons (5 males and 5 females) were exposed to immobilization stress by being strapped to a table in a horizontal position for 2 h. In females the experiment was performed during both the follicular and luteal phase. Peripheral blood was withdrawn at frequent intervals, the first sample just before immobilization, and the last one 3 days later. A number of steroids were measured in blood plasma samples by radioimmunoassay (17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, oestrone, oestradiol) or competitive protein binding (cortisol) techniques. The cortisol levels exhibited a marked increase in both sexes. This increase was observed already during the immobilization and lasted for approximately 24 h. A similar, even more pronounced increase was seen in 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and pregnenolone levels. A marked, long-lasting (72 h) decrease of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels was a consistent finding in male baboons. This was not observed in the females which, on the other hand, exhibited a marked decrease (duration 48 h) of progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone levels during the luteal phase, and a significant decrease (duration > 24 h) of oestradiol and oestrone concentrations during the follicular phase. It is concluded that stress has a marked inhibitory action on gonadal function both in male and female baboons. In females the inhibition of steroidogenetic function is exerted both on the ovarian follicles and on the corpus luteum.

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