scholarly journals A reasonable Approach for the Treatment of HIV Infection in the Early Phase with Ozonetherapy (Autohaemotherapy). How ‘Inflammatory’ Cytokines may have A therapeutic Role

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Immunoregulatory Cytokines ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Stimulation Of

Immunoregulatory cytokines produced by the TH1 subset and by CD8+T lymphocytes appear to brake naturally and sometimes arrest the progress of HIV infection in the early phase. It appears reasonable to assume that a mild and equilibrated stimulation of the immune system may prevent or delay the fatal transition towards the prevalent production of TH2-type cytokines. The problem is how to stimulate the immune system in a physiological fashion. In the last 7 years we have clarified the main mechanisms of action of an unorthodox immunotherapeutic method first used 40 years ago. Optimized autohaemotherapy after a brief exposure ofblood to ozone may today afford the trick of reprogramming the immune system to keep HIV at bay. The autohaemotherapeutic procedure is simple, safe, inexpensive and most likely is more effective than conventional approaches.

scholarly journals The influence of thiotriazoline on the change of immune system in the blood of guinea-pigs under the conditions of development of experimental bronchial asthma

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Reheda ◽  
М. А. Kolishetska ◽  
V. R. Yurevych
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Plasma Activity

<p>The aim of our research was to determine the character of the role and functional state of separate indexes<br />of the immune system in blood of guinea-pigs under the conditions of the development of experimental bronchial<br />asthma (BA ) and estimation of thiotriazoline influence on them. Decreasing of T-lymphocytes, stimulation of humoral<br />link of immunity, namely increasing of B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins of A, M and G, elevation of circulatory<br />immune complexes and slump of complement blood plasma activity had been determined in this research. Immune<br />correcting action of thiotriazoline upon the pointed out indices in case of BA is revealed.</p>

scholarly journals ROLE OF DISTINCT CD4+ T-CELL SUBSETS IN HIV-INFECTION PATHOGENESIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
E. V. Saidakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets

CD4+ T-cell pool is composed of cells residing in different maturation stages. Naive CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD4+ stem memory T-cells, CD4+ central and effector memory T-lymphocytes perform var-ious functions in maintaining the immune system homeostasis. Despite phenotypic differences, each of those cells can be infected with HIV. Specific features of distinct CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets determine their role in HIV-infection pathogenesis. By analyzing changes of CD4+ T-lymphocyte subset composi-tion, one can estimate the degree of the immune system damage and make predictions of immune recov-ery under highly active antiretroviral therapy. The article summarizes the main events occurring with CD4+ T-cell subsets during HIV-infection.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the Molecule 4-1BB Enhances Host Defense against Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Mice by Inducing Rapid Infiltration and Activation of Neutrophils and Monocytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2168-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Chul Lee ◽  
Seong-A Ju ◽  
Boo-Hee Sung ◽  
Sook-Kyoung Heo ◽  
Hong Rae Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The tumor necrosis factor receptor family molecule 4-1BB (CD137) has diverse roles in adaptive and innate immune responses. However, little is known of its role in bacterial infections. Previously, we showed that 4-1BB-deficient mice have enhanced susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection, and mice pretreated with agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody (3E1) were much more resistant to L. monocytogenes infection than mice treated with control antibody. In this study, we report that stimulating 4-1BB by administering 3E1 in the early phase of L. monocytogenes infection is critical for promoting the survival of mice by inducing rapid infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into L. monocytogenes-infected livers. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the livers of 3E1-treated mice increased as early as 30 min postinfection and peaked by 1 to 2 h, while those in mice treated with control antibody started to increase only at 16 h postinfection. Monocytes and neutrophils from the 3E1-treated mice had higher levels of activation markers, phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen species than those from control mice. In vitro stimulation of 4-1BB induced the production of the inflammatory cytokines/chemokines of neutrophils, but not those of monocytes. These results suggest that 4-1BB stimulation of neutrophils in the early phase of L. monocytogenes infection causes rapid production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and that the subsequent infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes is crucial for eliminating the infecting L. monocytogenes.

The role of bacterial super antigens in the immune response: From biology to cancer treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Emamgolizadeh Gurt Tapeh ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Hashemzadeh ◽  
Ali Mir Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Bacterial Vector ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Stimulation Of

Aims: Encouraging results have been indicated preclinically and in patients using the bacterial super antigen. This review article intends to summarize the role of the super antigens that have been recently used in the treatment of cancer. In addition, the vector systems including lentiviral vectors, adeno-associated vector systems and retroviral vectors that are increasingly being used in basic and applied research were discussed. Most importantly, the new CRISPR technique has also been discussed in this literature review. Discussion: More successful therapies can be achieved by manipulating bacterial vector systems through incorporating genes related to the super antigens and cytokines. The products of SAg and cytokine genes contributes to the strong stimulation of immune system against tumor cells. They bind to MHC II molecules as well as the V beta regions of TCR and lead to the production of IL2 and other cytokines, the activation of antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes. Additionally, super antigens can be used to eradicate tumor cells. Better results in cancer treatment can be achieved by transferring super antigen genes and subsequent strong immune stimulation along with other cancer immunotherapy agents. Conclusion: Super antigens induce the proliferation of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells by binding to MHCII molecules and V beta regions in T cell receptors. Therefore, the presentation of tumor cell antigens is increased. Additionally, the production of important cytokines by T cells and APCs contributes to the stimulation of immune response against tumor cells. The manipulation of bacterial vector systems through incorporating genes related to SAgs and other immune response factors is a good strategy for immune system stimulating and eradicating of tumor cells along with other immunotherapy agents.

scholarly journals Productive Infection of Neonatal CD8+ T Lymphocytes by HIV-1

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Peng Yang ◽  
James L. Riley ◽  
Richard G. Carroll ◽  
Carl H. June ◽  
James Hoxie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv 1

CD8+ T lymphocytes confer significant but ultimately insufficient protection against HIV infection. Here we report that activated neonatal CD8+ T cells can be productively infected in vitro by macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 isolates, which are responsible for disease transmission, whereas they are resistant to T cell–tropic (T-tropic) HIV strains. Physiological activation of CD8-α/β+ CD4− T cell receptor–α/β+ neonatal T cells, including activation by allogeneic dendritic cells, induces the accumulation of CD4 messenger RNA and the expression of CD4 Ag on the cell surface. The large majority of anti-CD3/B7.1–activated cord blood CD8+ T cells coexpress CD4, the primary HIV receptor, as well as CCR5 and CXCR4, the coreceptors used by M- and T-tropic HIV-1 strains, respectively, to enter target cells. These findings are relevant to the rapid progression of neonatal HIV infection. Infection of primary HIV-specific CD8+ T cells may compromise their survival and thus significantly contribute to the failure of the immune system to control the infection. Furthermore, these results indicate a previously unsuspected level of plasticity in the neonatal immune system in the regulation of CD4 expression by costimulation.

PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
I Made Sila Darmana ◽  
Endang Retnowati ◽  
Erwin Astha Triyono
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
P24 Protein ◽  
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Spearman Test

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, as it does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patients were found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225; p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stage I HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from May to July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patient is able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIV infection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stage I HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocyte counts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportional to the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document