scholarly journals Goss Texture Development in Fe–Si Steels

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajmohan ◽  
J. A. Szpunar ◽  
Y. Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Texture Development ◽  
Goss Texture ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Grain Boundary Character ◽  
Goss Orientation ◽  
Rapid Coarsening

Goss texture development in silicon steels has been studied through EBSP measurements and various computer simulations and calculations. The results of these studies suggest the possible role of high energy grain boundaries (HEGB) in the abnormal growth of Goss grains. The Goss orientation has a fraction of HEGBs that is higher than any other commonly observed orientations in the primary recrystallized silicon steels. The HEGBs have high GB diffusion coefficients which cause rapid coarsening of precipitates on these HEGBs and release them earlier, at the time when other GBs are still pinned. A difference in the mobility between the HEGBs and the other GBs favours the abnormal growth of Goss grains. The Monte-Carlo methods that have been developed and used to validate this assumption have generated abnormally growing Goss grains. The experimentally observed grain boundary character distributions (GBCD) around the growing Goss grains have been reproduced in simulation by assuming high mobility to HEGBs. Apart from the high mobility differences between different GBs, the importance of the fraction of GBs with high mobility around growing Goss grains is realized.

High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1): A Potential Target in Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1474-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyaldeva C. Vijayakumar ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Bhatt ◽  
Kedar S. Prabhavalkar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Dna Binding Protein ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein

High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) mainly belongs to the non-histone DNA-binding protein. It has been studied as a nuclear protein that is present in eukaryotic cells. From the HMG family, HMGB1 protein has been focused particularly for its pivotal role in several pathologies. HMGB-1 is considered as an essential facilitator in diseases such as sepsis, collagen disease, atherosclerosis, cancers, arthritis, acute lung injury, epilepsy, myocardial infarction, and local and systemic inflammation. Modulation of HMGB1 levels in the human body provides a way in the management of these diseases. Various strategies, such as HMGB1-receptor antagonists, inhibitors of its signalling pathway, antibodies, RNA inhibitors, vagus nerve stimulation etc. have been used to inhibit expression, release or activity of HMGB1. This review encompasses the role of HMGB1 in various pathologies and discusses its therapeutic potential in these pathologies.

Fundamentality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Healey
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Natural World ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Physics

The metaphor that fundamental physics is concerned to say what the natural world is like at the deepest level may be cashed out in terms of entities, properties, or laws. The role of quantum field theories in the Standard Model of high-energy physics suggests that fundamental entities, properties, and laws are to be sought in these theories. But the contextual ontology proposed in Chapter 12 would support no unified compositional structure for the world; a quantum state assignment specifies no physical property distribution sufficient even to determine all physical facts; and quantum theory posits no fundamental laws of time evolution, whether deterministic or stochastic. Quantum theory has made a revolutionary contribution to fundamental physics because its principles have permitted tremendous unification of science through the successful application of models constructed in conformity to them: but these models do not say what the world is like at the deepest level.

scholarly journals Pannexins and Connexins: Their Relevance for Oocyte Developmental Competence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5918
Author(s):  
Paweł Kordowitzki ◽  
Gabriela Sokołowska ◽  
Marta Wasielak-Politowska ◽  
Agnieszka Skowronska ◽  
Mariusz T. Skowronski
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The oocyte is the major determinant of embryo developmental competence in all mammalian species. Although fundamental advances have been generated in the field of reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies in the past three decades, researchers and clinicians are still trying to elucidate molecular factors and pathways, which could be pivotal for the oocyte’s developmental competence. The cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communications are crucial not only for oocytes but also for multicellular organisms in general. This latter mentioned communication is among others possibly due to the Connexin and Pannexin families of large-pore forming channels. Pannexins belong to a protein group of ATP-release channels, therefore of high importance for the oocyte due to its requirements of high energy supply. An increasing body of studies on Pannexins provided evidence that these channels not only play a role during physiological processes of an oocyte but also during pathological circumstances which could lead to the development of diseases or infertility. Connexins are proteins that form membrane channels and gap-junctions, and more precisely, these proteins enable the exchange of some ions and molecules, and therefore they do play a fundamental role in the communication between the oocyte and accompanying cells. Herein, the role of Pannexins and Connexins for the processes of oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization will be discussed and, at the end of this review, Pannexin and Connexin related pathologies and their impact on the developmental competence of oocytes will be provided.

scholarly journals The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Haruki Watanabe ◽  
Myoungsun Son
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Chromatin Binding ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Extracellular Milieu

The disruption of the immune tolerance induces autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. A chromatin-binding non-histone protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in particular environments such as autoimmunity, sepsis and hypoxia. Extracellular HMGB1 engages pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). While the HMGB1-RAGE axis drives inflammation in various diseases, recent studies also focus on the anti-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 and RAGE. This review discusses current perspectives on HMGB1 and RAGE’s roles in controlling inflammation and immune tolerance. We also suggest how RAGE heterodimers responding microenvironments functions in immune responses.

scholarly journals POS1388 ULTRASOUND FOR PANNICULITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 977.1-977
Author(s):  
A. Potapova ◽  
O. Egorova ◽  
O. Alekseeva ◽  
A. Volkov ◽  
S. Radenska-Lopovok
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
M 12

Background:Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive and safe imaging method that allows in vivo differentiation of the morphological structures of subcutaneous fat (SCF) tissue in in normal and pathology.Objectives:Reveal features of ultrasound changes in SCF in panniculitis (Pn).Methods:57 patients (f – 45, m - 12) aged 18 - 67 years with an initial diagnosis of erythema nodosum and a disease duration of 3.6 ± 1.4 years were examined. In addition to the general clinical examination, a computed tomography of the chest organs and a pathomorphological examination of a skin biopsy from the site of the node were performed. Ultrasound was performed on a MyLabTwice apparatus (ESAOTE, Italy) using a multi-frequency linear transducer (10-18 MHz) with the PD technique, the parameters of which were adapted for recording low-speed flows (PRF 300-600 Hz, low filter, dynamic range - 20-40 dB), the presence of vascularization was assessed not only in the affected area, but also on the contralateral side using high-energy Doppler.Results:33 patients were diagnosed with septal Pn (SPn), 24 - lobular Pn (LPn). In all cases, the diagnosis was verified by histological examination. Ultrasound made it possible to assess the thickness, echoicity and vascularization of the SCF. In 35 patients, significant thickening of the SCF was revealed (as compared to the contralateral side), of which in 14 cases with SPn, in 21 - with LPn. Significant diffuse thickening of the SCF with the contralateral side was observed in 18 patients, incl. in 12 (66%) patients with LPn. Limited thickening was more typical for SPn (73%). A significant increase in the echoicity of the SCF was noted in all forms of Pn. A “lobular” echo pattern with an anechogenic environment was observed in 25 patients, of which 18 (72%) had LPn. An increase in vascularization compared to the contralateral side was recorded in 30 cases (SPn-17, LPn-13).Conclusion:The obtained preliminary results indicate the important role of ultrasound in assessing the depth and prevalence of the inflammatory process at Pn. To clarify the diagnostic value of this method, further studies are needed on a larger sample of patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Applications of Energy Beams in Material and Device Processing

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Galvin ◽  
L.S. Hung ◽  
J.W. Mayer ◽  
M. Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Device Processing ◽  
Composition Modification ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Transistor Fabrication

ABSTRACTEnergetic ion beams used outside the traditional role of ion implantation are considered for semiconductor applications involving interface modification for self-aligned silicide contacts, composition modification for formation of buried oxide layers in Si on insulator structures and reduced disorder in high energy ion beam annealing for buried collectors in transistor fabrication. In metals, aside from their use in modification of the composition of near surface regions, energetic ion beams are being investigated for structural modification in crystalline to amorphous transitions. Pulsed beams of photons and electrons are used as directed energy sources in rapid solidification. Here, we consider the role of temperature gradients and impurities in epitaxial growth of silicon.

scholarly journals 5-LO-derived LTB4 plays a key role in MCP-1 expression in HMGB1-exposed VSMCs via a BLTR1 signaling axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Min Choi ◽  
Seung Eun Baek ◽  
Ji On Kim ◽  
Eun Yeong Jeon ◽  
Eun Jeong Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor ◽  
In Cells

AbstractMonocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in initiating vascular inflammation; however, its cellular source in the injured vasculatures is unclear. Given the importance of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in tissue injury, we investigated the role of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in MCP-1 production in response to HMGB1. In primary cultured rat aortic VSMCs stimulated with HMGB1, the expression of MCP-1 and 5-lipoxygenase (LO) was increased. The increased MCP-1 expression in HMGB1 (30 ng/ml)-stimulated cells was significantly attenuated in 5-LO-deficient cells as well as in cells treated with zileuton, a 5-LO inhibitor. Likewise, MCP-1 expression and production were also increased in cells stimulated with exogenous leukotriene B4 (LTB4), but not exogenous LTC4. LTB4-induced MCP-1 expression was attenuated in cells treated with U75302, a LTB4 receptor 1 (BLTR1) inhibitor as well as in BLTR1-deficient cells, but not in 5-LO-deficient cells. Moreover, HMGB1-induced MCP-1 expression was attenuated in BLTR1-deficient cells or by treatment with a BLTR1 inhibitor, but not other leukotriene receptor inhibitors. In contrast to MCP-1 expression in response to LTB4, the increased MCP-1 production in HMGB1-stimulated VSMC was markedly attenuated in 5-LO-deficient cells, indicating a pivotal role of LTB4-BLTR1 signaling in MCP-1 expression in VSMCs. Taken together, 5-LO-derived LTB4 plays a key role in MCP-1 expression in HMGB1-exposed VSMCs via BLTR1 signaling, suggesting the LTB4-BLTR1 signaling axis as a potential therapeutic target for vascular inflammation in the injured vasculatures.

scholarly journals The theory of cosmic ray scattering on pre-existing MHD modes meets data

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (4) ◽  
pp. 5821-5838
Author(s):  
Ottavio Fornieri ◽  
Daniele Gaggero ◽  
Silvio Sergio Cerri ◽  
Pedro De La Torre Luque ◽  
Stefano Gabici
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scattering Rate ◽  
Equilibrium Spectrum ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Ray Scattering

ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive study about the phenomenological implications of the theory describing Galactic cosmic ray scattering on to magnetosonic and Alfvénic fluctuations in the GeV−PeV domain. We compute a set of diffusion coefficients from first principles, for different values of the Alfvénic Mach number and other relevant parameters associated with both the Galactic halo and the extended disc, taking into account the different damping mechanisms of turbulent fluctuations acting in these environments. We confirm that the scattering rate associated with Alfvénic turbulence is highly suppressed if the anisotropy of the cascade is taken into account. On the other hand, we highlight that magnetosonic modes play a dominant role in Galactic confinement of cosmic rays up to PeV energies. We implement the diffusion coefficients in the numerical framework of the dragon code, and simulate the equilibrium spectrum of different primary and secondary cosmic ray species. We show that, for reasonable choices of the parameters under consideration, all primary and secondary fluxes at high energy (above a rigidity of $\simeq 200 \, \mathrm{GV}$) are correctly reproduced within our framework, in both normalization and slope.

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