scholarly journals POS1388 ULTRASOUND FOR PANNICULITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 977.1-977
Author(s):  
A. Potapova ◽  
O. Egorova ◽  
O. Alekseeva ◽  
A. Volkov ◽  
S. Radenska-Lopovok
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
M 12

Background:Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive and safe imaging method that allows in vivo differentiation of the morphological structures of subcutaneous fat (SCF) tissue in in normal and pathology.Objectives:Reveal features of ultrasound changes in SCF in panniculitis (Pn).Methods:57 patients (f – 45, m - 12) aged 18 - 67 years with an initial diagnosis of erythema nodosum and a disease duration of 3.6 ± 1.4 years were examined. In addition to the general clinical examination, a computed tomography of the chest organs and a pathomorphological examination of a skin biopsy from the site of the node were performed. Ultrasound was performed on a MyLabTwice apparatus (ESAOTE, Italy) using a multi-frequency linear transducer (10-18 MHz) with the PD technique, the parameters of which were adapted for recording low-speed flows (PRF 300-600 Hz, low filter, dynamic range - 20-40 dB), the presence of vascularization was assessed not only in the affected area, but also on the contralateral side using high-energy Doppler.Results:33 patients were diagnosed with septal Pn (SPn), 24 - lobular Pn (LPn). In all cases, the diagnosis was verified by histological examination. Ultrasound made it possible to assess the thickness, echoicity and vascularization of the SCF. In 35 patients, significant thickening of the SCF was revealed (as compared to the contralateral side), of which in 14 cases with SPn, in 21 - with LPn. Significant diffuse thickening of the SCF with the contralateral side was observed in 18 patients, incl. in 12 (66%) patients with LPn. Limited thickening was more typical for SPn (73%). A significant increase in the echoicity of the SCF was noted in all forms of Pn. A “lobular” echo pattern with an anechogenic environment was observed in 25 patients, of which 18 (72%) had LPn. An increase in vascularization compared to the contralateral side was recorded in 30 cases (SPn-17, LPn-13).Conclusion:The obtained preliminary results indicate the important role of ultrasound in assessing the depth and prevalence of the inflammatory process at Pn. To clarify the diagnostic value of this method, further studies are needed on a larger sample of patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The role of circCNIH4 in the adipocyte's effects on metastasis of breast cancer cells.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13086-e13086
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Jinhai Tang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mcf 7

e13086 Background: Obesity is associated with the risk of breast cancer(BCa) incidence and development. However, biological changes in obesity BCa individuals are still uncertain. Nowadays, circCNIH4, one of novel non-coding RNAs, was found to be a non-invasive biomarker in cancers. Methods: We verified the cancer-promoting role of obesity in BCa patients by comparing BMI indexes of 33 BCa and 44 benign tumor patients. Then we cocultured viscera adipose cells(HPA-v) and BCa cells(MCF-7/H and MDA-MB-231/H) to confirm the function of adipocytes on metastasis of BCa cells through wound healing, transwell assays. In vivo experiments were also performed. We analyzed the expression level of circCNIH4 in MCF-7/H, MDA-MB-231/H and different subtypes of BCa cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Simultaneously, we identified inhibited effects of circCNIH4 on metastasis of BCa cells by wound healing, transwell assays and verified the location of circCNIH4 by FISH. Luciferase Assay was used to detect harbored miRNA. Rescue experiments were then applied. Results: We found the BMI of BCa patients(24.37±2.51) was much higher than benign patients(22.97±2.91). Metastasis of BCa cells were obviously promoted after in vitro and in vivo experiments. Then we found the expression of circCNIH4 in MCF-7/H and MDA-MB-231/H were down-regulated 0.71 and 0.52 than that in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Also, circCNIH4 was positively correlated with less aggressive types of BCa cells. Overexpression of circCNIH4 in MDA-MB-231 could suppress cell invasion and migration, while silencing of it in MCF-7 promoted cell invasion and migration. The FISH assay demonstrated that circCNIH4 mainly located in the cytoplasm and might function as a “sponge” for miRNA. MiR-135b functioned as a tumor promoter gene from data of 93 BCa patients (HR = 2.27; 1.01 − 5.12), and it could be captured by circCNIH4 via luciferase and rescued assays. Conclusions: In this study, we revealed that BMI or viscera adipocytes could deteriorate prognosis of BCa and circCNIH4 could be a novel biomarker for non-invasive BCa. In details, circCNIH4 mainly suppressed the adipocyte's pro-metastasis effects on BCa by capturing miR-135b.

scholarly journals Why Are Viscosity and Nonlinearity Bound to Make an Impact in Clinical Elastographic Diagnosis?

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Rus ◽  
Inas H. Faris ◽  
Jorge Torres ◽  
Antonio Callejas ◽  
Juan Melchor
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Elastic Parameters ◽  
Tissue Microstructure ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mechanical Biomarkers ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic

The adoption of multiscale approaches by the biomechanical community has caused a major improvement in quality in the mechanical characterization of soft tissues. The recent developments in elastography techniques are enabling in vivo and non-invasive quantification of tissues’ mechanical properties. Elastic changes in a tissue are associated with a broad spectrum of pathologies, which stems from the tissue microstructure, histology and biochemistry. This knowledge is combined with research evidence to provide a powerful diagnostic range of highly prevalent pathologies, from birth and labor disorders (prematurity, induction failures, etc.), to solid tumors (e.g., prostate, cervix, breast, melanoma) and liver fibrosis, just to name a few. This review aims to elucidate the potential of viscous and nonlinear elastic parameters as conceivable diagnostic mechanical biomarkers. First, by providing an insight into the classic role of soft tissue microstructure in linear elasticity; secondly, by understanding how viscosity and nonlinearity could enhance the current diagnosis in elastography; and finally, by compounding preliminary investigations of those elastography parameters within different technologies. In conclusion, evidence of the diagnostic capability of elastic parameters beyond linear stiffness is gaining momentum as a result of the technological and imaging developments in the field of biomechanics.

The role of ultrasonography in diagnosing hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110529
Author(s):  
Tiezheng Wang ◽  
Hengtao Qi ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Zengtao Wang ◽  
Shougang Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasonography ◽  
Electrophysiological Examination

Background In the past, the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve mostly depended on electrophysiological examination, by which the location could not be diagnosed. There are few studies on the evaluation of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) by ultrasonography. Purpose To evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis of 12 patients with hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve was carried out, and the characteristics of the high-frequency ultrasonographic images were summarized and compared with surgical exploration. Results The 12 cases of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve were all located in the median nerve of the distal upper arm, including nine cases of single hourglass-like fascicular constriction and three cases of multiple hourglass-like fascicular constrictions. High-frequency ultrasonography can accurately locate the hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve and the extent of neuropathy. The ultrasonographic images of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve showed single or multiple hourglass-like change(s) in the median nerve of the distal upper arm. The nerve fascicles on both sides of the affected nerve with hourglass-like change thickened. Conclusions High-frequency ultrasonography could be a reliable, convenient, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve.

Abstract 5466: In Vivo Molecular Imaging Revealed Chronic Inflammation and Increased Adhesion Molecules in Obese Adipose Tissue in Mice

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nishimura ◽  
Mika Nagasaki ◽  
Ichiro Manabe ◽  
Kinya Seo ◽  
Takashi Kadowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor of cardiovascular events, and obese visceral adipose tissue remodeling and malfunctioning based on chronic inflammation plays a central role. To assess dynamic multi-cellular interplay, a novel ex vivo (a–c) and in vivo (d–f) adipose tissue imaging method was developed. We found close spatial and temporal interrelationships between angiogenesis and adipogenesis, and both were augmented in obese adipose (c,arrow). In addition, we found increased leukocyte-platelet-endothelial cell interactions in the micro-circulation of obese visceral adipose that were indicative of activation of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, a hallmark of inflammation (e,f). Both macrophages and endothelial cells showed increased adhesion molecules including ICAM-1 and Selectin families, and P-selectin positive platelets were increased locally in obese adipose. Up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules on multiple cell types suggests their increased interactions contribute to local activation of inflammatory processes within visceral obese adipose tissue. Interestingly, the heightened leukocyte-platelet-endothelial interactions were not observed in obese subcutaneous fat pads. Our results demonstrated the power of our imaging technique to analyze complex inflammatory cellular interplays in vivo and to evaluate new therapeutic interventions against them. Results also indicate that visceral adipose tissue obesity is an inflammatory disease.

Ca2+ activation of heart mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: role of the F0/F1-ATPase

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. C423-C435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Territo ◽  
Vamsi K. Mootha ◽  
Stephanie A. French ◽  
Robert S. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
The Matrix

Ca2+ has been postulated as a cytosolic second messenger in the regulation of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation. This hypothesis draws support from the well-known effects of Ca2+ on muscle activity, which is stimulated in parallel with the Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenases (CaDH). The effects of Ca2+ on oxidative phosphorylation were further investigated in isolated porcine heart mitochondria at the level of metabolic driving force (NADH or Δψ) and ATP production rates (flow). The resulting force-flow (F-F) relationships permitted the analysis of Ca2+ effects on several putative control points within oxidative phosphorylation, simultaneously. The F-F relationships resulting from additions of carbon substrates alone provided a model of pure CaDH activation. Comparing this curve with variable Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) effects revealed an approximate twofold higher ATP production rate than could be explained by a simple increase in NADH or Δψ via CaDH activation. The half-maximal effect of Ca2+ at state 3 was 157 nM and was completely inhibited by ruthenium red (1 μM), indicating matrix dependence of the Ca2+ effect. Arsenate was used as a probe to differentiate between F0/F1-ATPase and adenylate translocase activity by a futile recycling of ADP-arsenate within the matrix, catalyzed by the F0/F1-ATPase. Ca2+increased the ADP arsenylation rate more than twofold, suggesting a direct effect on the F0/F1-ATPase. These results suggest that Ca2+ activates cardiac aerobic respiration at the level of both the CaDH and F0/F1-ATPase. This type of parallel control of both intermediary metabolism and ATP synthesis may provide a mechanism of altering ATP production rates with minimal changes in the high-energy intermediates as observed in vivo.

scholarly journals Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1113) ◽  
pp. 20190740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Bing ◽  
Krithika Loganath ◽  
Philip Adamson ◽  
David Newby ◽  
Alastair Moss
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission

Despite recent advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally. As such, there is a need to optimise our current diagnostic and risk stratification pathways in order to better deliver individualised preventative therapies. Non-invasive imaging of coronary artery plaque can interrogate multiple aspects of coronary atherosclerotic disease, including plaque morphology, anatomy and flow. More recently, disease activity is being assessed to provide mechanistic insights into in vivo atherosclerosis biology. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography is unique in this field, with the potential to identify specific biological processes using either bespoke or re-purposed radiotracers. This review provides an overview of non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection and molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals New System Delivering Microwaves Energy for Inducing Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: In - Vivo Histological and Ultrastructural Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Zerbinati ◽  
Edoardo D’Este ◽  
Antonia Icaro Cornaglia ◽  
Federica Riva ◽  
Aurora Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
New Device ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been developed a new technology for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue through a non-invasive treatment by microwaves. The main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilising a non-invasive, localised microwaves (MW) device to induce thermal modifications into subcutaneous adipose tissue only by a controlled electromagnetic field that heats up fat preferentially. This device is provided with a special handpiece appropriately cooled, directly contacting the cutaneous surface of the body, which provides a calibrated energy transfer by microwaves. AIM: In this paper, microscopic and ultrastructural modifications of subcutaneous adipose tissue induced by microwaves irradiation are evaluated. METHODS: Our experimental plan was designed for collecting biopsy samples, for each skin region treated with a single irradiation session, 1) before treatment (control), 2) immediately after treatment, 3) after 6 hrs, 4) after 1 month, 5) after 2 months. Bioptic samples from each step were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. At the same time, each region where biopsies were collected was subjected to ultrasound examination. Recorded images permitted to evaluate the thickness of different layers as epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, connective fasciae, until to muscle layer, and related modifications induced by treatment. RESULTS: In every biopsy collected at different time-steps, epidermis and superficial dermis appeared not modified compared to control. Differently, already in the short-term biopsies, in the deep dermis and superficial hypodermis, fibrillar connective tissue appeared modified, showing reduction and fragmentation of interlobular collagen septa. The most important adipose tissue modifications were detectable following 1 month from treatment, with a significant reduction of subcutaneous fat, participating both the lysis of many adipocytes and the related phagocytic action of monocytes/macrophages on residuals of compromised structures of adipocytes. In the samples collected two months following treatment, the remnants of adipose tissue appeared normal, and macrophages were completely absent. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound, microscopic and ultrastructural evidence are supporting significant effectiveness of the new device treatment in the reduction of subcutaneous fat. In this paper, the possible mechanisms involved in the activation of the monocytes/macrophages system responsible for the removal of adipocytes residuals have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Foregut organ progenitors and their niche display distinct viscoelastic properties in vivo during early morphogenesis stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Dzementsei ◽  
Younes F. A Barooji ◽  
Elke A Ober ◽  
Lene Broeng Oddershede
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Neighboring Cell ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

Material properties of living matter play an important role for biological function and development. Yet, quantification of material properties of internal organs in vivo, without causing physiological damage, remains challenging. Here, we present a non-invasive approach based on modified optical tweezers for quantifying sub-cellular material properties deep inside living zebrafish. Material properties of cells within the gut region of living zebrafish are quantified as deep as 150 μ into the biological tissue. The measurements demonstrate differential mechanical properties of the developing foregut organs progenitors: Gut progenitors are more elastic than any of the neighboring cell populations at the time when the developing organs undergo substantial displacements during morphogenesis. The higher elasticity of gut progenitors correlates with an increased cellular concentration of microtubules. The results infer a role of material properties during morphogenesis and the approach paves the way for quantitative material investigations in vivo of embryos, explants, or organoids.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial dynamics during spermatogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (14) ◽  
pp. jcs235937
Author(s):  
Grigor Varuzhanyan ◽  
David C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mitochondrial Fusion ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

ABSTRACTMitochondrial fusion and fission (mitochondrial dynamics) are homeostatic processes that safeguard normal cellular function. This relationship is especially strong in tissues with constitutively high energy demands, such as brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Less is known about the role of mitochondrial dynamics in developmental systems that involve changes in metabolic function. One such system is spermatogenesis. The first mitochondrial dynamics gene, Fuzzy onions (Fzo), was discovered in 1997 to mediate mitochondrial fusion during Drosophila spermatogenesis. In mammals, however, the role of mitochondrial fusion during spermatogenesis remained unknown for nearly two decades after discovery of Fzo. Mammalian spermatogenesis is one of the most complex and lengthy differentiation processes in biology, transforming spermatogonial stem cells into highly specialized sperm cells over a 5-week period. This elaborate differentiation process requires several developmentally regulated mitochondrial and metabolic transitions, making it an attractive model system for studying mitochondrial dynamics in vivo. We review the emerging role of mitochondrial biology, and especially its dynamics, during the development of the male germ line.

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