Assessment of Problematic Internet Use by the Compulsive Internet Use Scale and the Internet Addiction Test: A Sample of Problematic and Pathological Gamblers

Abstract Introduction Problematic use of video games, social media, and Internet-related activities may be associated with sleep deprivation and poor work performance. The Internet Addiction Test was given to military medical and nursing students and housestaff to assess problematic Internet use. Methods Medical and nursing students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and residents from Naval Medical Center San Diego were contacted via email (n = 1,000) and given a survey that included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and questions asking about other specific lifestyle variables. Individuals who received an Internet Addiction Score (IAS) ≥50 were identified as likely experiencing harmful effects of Internet addiction (IA). Results Of 399 surveys submitted, 68 were omitted due to gross incompletion or failing to finish the entirety of the IAT. Of the participants included, 205 (61.1%) were male and 125 (37.9%) were female. The mean age was 28.6 years old (S.D. = 5.1 years). In regards to training status, completed surveys were assessed for 94 medical residents, 221 School of Medicine students, and 16 Graduate School of Nursing students. Our survey showed 5.5% of the participants (n = 18) indicated problems with Internet use that are concerning for IA. Conclusions The study results indicated that our population showed problematic Internet use in the lower range of global estimates of IA. Rates of IA further decreased between medical students and residents. Multiple lifestyle variables were significantly associated with IA score and may serve as indicators of a higher score. Interestingly, the use of social media during sleeping hours was most significantly associated with increased IAS. This paper discusses IA among military medical and nursing trainees and how problematic Internet use may affect work performance and force readiness.

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Internet Related Current Issues of E-Learner and Recommended Practical Strategies

Gaming and Technology Addiction ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0778-9.ch036 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 811-825

Author(s):

Mehmet Firat

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Self Control ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Search ◽

Cognitive Overload ◽

Internet Information ◽

Internet Literacy

The complexity of the Internet has increased the requirement of learner's self-cognition, self-control and self-responsibility when using Internet to learn. Thus, responsibility of e-learner to decide on the validity, reliability and meaningfulness of the information steadily increased. This situation has caused internet related issues such as problematic Internet use, Internet addiction, cognitive overload, disorientation, continuous partial attention and information pollution on the Internet. The purpose of this study is to provide practical strategies for e-learners' Internet related current issues. This study presented in three steps. At the first step, problematic Internet use and addiction, cognitive overload, disorientation, continuous partial attention and Internet information pollution was discussed as Internet related current issues of e-learners. At the second step, increase of Internet literacy, Internet search strategies, using computational knowledge engines, and benefit from Semantic Web presented as practical strategies for e-learners. At the end of study related conclusions provided.

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Factor Structure of the Internet Addiction Test in Online Gamers and Poker Players

JMIR Mental Health ◽

10.2196/mental.3805 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e12 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yasser Khazaal ◽

Sophia Achab ◽

Joel Billieux ◽

Gabriel Thorens ◽

Daniele Zullino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Factor Model ◽

Principal Component ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Online Poker ◽

Poker Players

Background The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most widely used questionnaire to screen for problematic Internet use. Nevertheless, its factorial structure is still debated, which complicates comparisons among existing studies. Most previous studies were performed with students or community samples despite the probability of there being more problematic Internet use among users of specific applications, such as online gaming or gambling. Objective To assess the factorial structure of a modified version of the IAT that addresses specific applications, such as video games and online poker. Methods Two adult samples—one sample of Internet gamers (n=920) and one sample of online poker players (n=214)—were recruited and completed an online version of the modified IAT. Both samples were split into two subsamples. Two principal component analyses (PCAs) followed by two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were run separately. Results The results of principal component analysis indicated that a one-factor model fit the data well across both samples. In consideration of the weakness of some IAT items, a 17-item modified version of the IAT was proposed. Conclusions This study assessed, for the first time, the factorial structure of a modified version of an Internet-administered IAT on a sample of Internet gamers and a sample of online poker players. The scale seems appropriate for the assessment of such online behaviors. Further studies on the modified 17-item IAT version are needed.

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Loneliness and problematic internet use: testing the role of interpersonal problems and motivation for internet use

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03457-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nahathai Wongpakaran ◽

Tinakon Wongpakaran ◽

Manee Pinyopornpanish ◽

Sutapat Simcharoen ◽

Pimolpun Kuntawong

Keyword(s):

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Interpersonal Problems ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Moderated Mediation Model ◽

Serial Mediation

Abstract Background A number of factors have been demonstrated to be associated with Problematic Internet Use (PIU); otherwise known as Internet Addiction), which is mostly concerned with psychological problems such as loneliness. This study aimed to examine how and in what way loneliness influenced PIU. Methods A self-report measurement on loneliness, the Internet addiction test (IAT) and instruments on interpersonal problems were administered to 318 medical students (57% females); mean age totaled 20.88 years (SD = 1.8). We performed a mediation analysis to evaluate direct effects of loneliness on IAT, as well as indirect effects mediated by interpersonal problems. In addition, motivation for internet use was added to the mediation model and tested whether it acted as the second mediator (serial mediation model) or a moderator (moderated mediation model). Results After controlling for sex and age, socially inhibited problems exhibited full mediation whereas the remainder showed partial mediation effects, with the exception that intrusive and cold interpersonal problems indicated no mediating role. Negative motivation and motivation for being accepted had mediation effects for all types of interpersonal problems. Motivation for working was found to be a significant mediator and moderator of the most interpersonal problems. Intrusive and cold styles became a mediator only when some motivation variables were added to the model, implying that not only psychological problems should be included when analyzing PIU, but also other variables such motivation for internet use. The percent of variance explained, by IAT score, increased from 13% in the mediation model to 33% by the moderated mediation model, and 43% using the serial mediation model. Conclusion The study suggested the crucial role of loneliness and interpersonal problems on PIU, for which motivation for internet use explained how each interpersonal problem would be associated. This may provide some insight regarding the pathological characteristics of those using the internet as a coping strategy.

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Analysis of Occupational Balance and Its Relation to Problematic Internet Use in University Occupational Therapy Students

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9020197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Alejandro Romero-Tébar ◽

Marta Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

Antonio Segura-Fragoso ◽

Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

University Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

Average Score ◽

The Internet ◽

Occupational Therapy Students ◽

La Mancha ◽

The University

(1) Objective: to explore and describe the relationship between the occupational balance of university students taking a Degree in Occupational Therapy and the problematic use of the Internet and how these, in turn, favour or not the appearance of phubbing behaviour which involves “a behaviour that happens when an individual looks at his mobile phone during a conversation with other individuals, escaping from interpersonal communication”. (2) Methods: this is a quantitative descriptive study of an observational and cross-sectional nature, not experimental. The Spanish version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ-E), the Internet Addiction Test and the Phubbing Scale were used for data collection. 192 university students taking the Degree in Occupational Therapy of the University of Castilla–La Mancha participated (168 women and 24 men). (3) Results: the average score obtained in the OBQ-E was 38.7, indicating a moderate occupational balance; and (4) Conclusions: occupational therapy students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Castilla–La Mancha have a moderate occupational balance. Furthermore, this is negatively related to both problematic Internet use and phubbing, so a higher occupational balance indicates less Internet addiction and less phubbing.

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Internet Related Current Issues of E-Learner and Recommended Practical Strategies

Developing Successful Strategies for Global Policies and Cyber Transparency in E-Learning - Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8844-5.ch019 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 301-315

Author(s):

Mehmet Firat

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Self Control ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Search ◽

Cognitive Overload ◽

Internet Information ◽

Internet Literacy

The complexity of the Internet has increased the requirement of learner's self-cognition, self-control and self-responsibility when using Internet to learn. Thus, responsibility of e-learner to decide on the validity, reliability and meaningfulness of the information steadily increased. This situation has caused internet related issues such as problematic Internet use, Internet addiction, cognitive overload, disorientation, continuous partial attention and information pollution on the Internet. The purpose of this study is to provide practical strategies for e-learners' Internet related current issues. This study presented in three steps. At the first step, problematic Internet use and addiction, cognitive overload, disorientation, continuous partial attention and Internet information pollution was discussed as Internet related current issues of e-learners. At the second step, increase of Internet literacy, Internet search strategies, using computational knowledge engines, and benefit from Semantic Web presented as practical strategies for e-learners. At the end of study related conclusions provided.

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The role of personality traits in the formation of problematic Internet use in high school students

Perspectives of science and education ◽

10.32744/pse.2021.6.18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 271-284

Author(s):

Irina M. Bogdanovskaya ◽

◽

Natalya N. Koroleva ◽

Anna B. Uglova ◽

Yulia V. Petrova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

School Students ◽

Internet Environment

Introduction. In the modern educational environment, the informatization of the learning process changes the process of development and socialization of schoolchildren. The widespread introduction of information technologies has both a constructive and destructive impact on the formation of young people. This actualizes the need to research the inner world of students who are affected by the negative consequences of excessive involvement in the Internet environment to create a modern system of psychological and pedagogical support. The purpose of the study: to study the influence of the characteristics of personal maturity on the formation of problematic Internet use of high school students. Materials and methods. The study of problematic Internet use was conducted using the CIAS test (Chen's Internet Addiction scale, adapted by V. L. Malygin, K. A. Feklisova). To study personal characteristics, such methods were used as: the scale of self-assessment of personal maturity (A.V. Miklyaeva.); the test of resilience (S. Muddy in the adaptation of D. Leontiev); the scale of socialization (California psychological Questionnaire); the modified method of "Who am I" by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland. The sample consisted of 1,031 people (669 girls and 362 boys), aged 14 to 18 years. Methods of mathematical statistics: methods of descriptive statistics, one-factor analysis of variance, regression analysis. The results of the study. Significant differences were revealed in a number of components of personal maturity in adolescents with different levels of involvement in the Internet environment. High school students with normative Internet use have significantly higher academic performance (H=12.35, p=0.0021), personal maturity (H=24.81, p=0.0001), reflexive maturity (H=76.26, p=0.0001), socialization (H=138.43, p=0.0001), self-esteem of the desire to grow up (H=7.25, p=0.0266). Students with problematic Internet use significantly more often have high indicators of resilience (N=225.5, p=0.0001), engagement (N=181.11, p=0.0001), control (N=172.38, p=0.0001), risk taking (N=199.62, p=0.0001). Predictors of the formation of problematic Internet use in high school students were identified: reflexive maturity (b=-0.573, p=0.000008), regulatory maturity (b=0.387, p=0.0059), level of socialization (b=-0.407, p=0.000006) and resilience (b=0.821, p=0.000001). Using regression analysis, the role of the characteristics of personal maturity and resilience in the actual determination of the CIAS Internet addiction index was determined. Conclusion. A number of new data have been obtained that reveal the personal characteristics of adolescents with different levels of involvement in the Internet environment. The role of the features of personal maturity and resilience in the actual determination of the CIAS Internet addiction index is determined. The data obtained can be used in psychological support of modern high school students in order to diagnose and prevent problematic Internet use.

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An Explanatory Model of Problematic Internet Use of Southern Spanish University Students

Social Science Computer Review ◽

10.1177/0894439321998650 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089443932199865

Author(s):

José-María Romero-Rodríguez ◽

José-Antonio Marín-Marín ◽

Francisco-Javier Hinojo-Lucena ◽

Gerardo Gómez-García

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Internet Use ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Equation Model ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Cross Sectional

The problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a topic of special relevance since it is a problem that affects the whole world. It has been detected that the population at greatest risk is university students along with adolescents. At the same time, Spain is one of the countries with the highest PIU rate. The purposes of this article were to analyze the presence and degree of Internet addiction among university students and to check the sociodemographic factors that influence the PIU. To this end, 13 hypotheses were put forward and contrasted using a structural equation model. The study adopted a cross-sectional approach by applying the Internet addiction test to a sample of undergraduate students in southern Spain ( n = 1,013). The results indicated a prevalence of PIU among students of almost 12.5% and with a moderate degree of addiction. In turn, the following hypotheses that had a significant effect on the PIU were supported: gender; field of knowledge; living in the parents’ home; Internet daily use for leisure; Internet daily use for academic purposes; number of social networks; sexual orientation; marital status. Finally, the main findings of the study were reviewed, and the main recommendations and implications for mitigating the negative effects of technology and enhancing the positive ones were established.

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Development of a Measure: Reasons of Social Networking Sites Use

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v10n7p141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Samira Ranaiey ◽

Mohammad Reza Taghavi ◽

Mohammad Ali Goodarzi

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Social Networking ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Internet Use ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Total Variance ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

The Internet

Because of increased attention to PIU (Problematic Internet Use), some measure had been made, but they seem to beInadequate, due to new issue of the internet interactions. Therefore the necessity and importance ofStandard, valid and reliable tools to assess PIU and the related behaviors are clear.This paper presents results of a study that develops a measure of Reasons of Using Social Networking Sites (S.N.S). The reasons were based on an article by Morahan – Martin and Schumacher. The reasons were arranged as a questionnaire. This questionnaire was completed by 156 volunteer students of Shiraz University. The results indicated that Reasons of S.N.S Use Scale is both reliable and valid. The result of factor analysis showed that two dimensions (Positive and Negative reasons of S.N.S use) explains total variance acceptably.

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Internet Addiction and the Pattern of Internet Use among Under Graduate Medical Students: A Cross- Sectional Study from North India

Journal of Community Health Research ◽

10.18502/jchr.v10i4.8338 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka . ◽

R K Pal

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Internet Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

North India ◽

The Internet ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level

Introduction: Excessive use of the Internet affects the academic achievements of students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and the pattern of Internet use among undergraduate medical students. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 177 undergraduate medical students in batch 2016, 2017 and 2018, who were included in this study by convenience sampling method. The study tool was Young’s Internet Addiction Test containing questions regarding the pattern of Internet use. Data entry and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 21. Qualitative data were described in terms of frequency and percentage while quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and multiple linear regression were used to find out the relationship between various factors and Internet Addiction (IA). The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years (± 1.19), and 62 % of the subjects were males. The prevalence rate of Internet Addiction (IA) was found to be 56.5% and 42.9% of them were in mild and 13.6% were in moderate addiction category. Being male (β= -0.143, p=0.038), staying at a hostel (β= 0.167, p=0.018), not having a time preference for using the Internet (β= -0.174, p=0.012), spending more time on the Internet everyday (β= 0.201, p=0.000), being always online (β= 0.276, p=0.000) and more years of using the Internet (β= 0.175, p=0.015) were significantly related with IA in students. Conclusion: A large proportion of medical students were found to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, this issue should be addressed immediately.

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