Increased Posterior Hippocampal Volumes in Children with Lower Increase in Body Mass Index: A 3-Year Longitudinal MRI Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Hashimoto ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Susumu Yokota ◽  
Hiroshi Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Positive Effects

People are generally lean during childhood and show more variability in body sizes and shapes later in life. Cortical development generally correlates with body growth. However, in children cortical growth may be impaired with oversized body growth. Inverse correlations between body mass index (BMI) and brain volumes suggest that lean bodies may be associated with increased cortical volume. To clarify the positive effects of a lean body on a child's cortical development, we used MRI to measure brain structures longitudinally in 107 children and adolescents aged 5-16 years. The relationships between changes in BMI and cortical volumes during 3 years of development were investigated, while controlling for age, gender and intracranial volume changes. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that an increase in the volume of the right posterior medial temporal lobe - including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus - was associated with lower BMI increases. No correlations were observed between higher BMI increases and cortical volumes. Our results suggest that keeping a lean body - or not getting fat - during childhood can induce an increase in regional cortical volume rather than impair growth. This is the first longitudinal study showing positive effects of a lean body on cortical development in children.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. McWhinney ◽  
◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Martin Alda ◽  
Francesco Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles  and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

Abstract P191: Association Between Blood Pressure And Brain Volumes Vary By Sex And Age.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawlah Alateeq ◽  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Walter Abhayaratna ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes

Objective: To quantify the association between blood pressure (BP) across its full range and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs) while investigating the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antihypertensive medication, and other risk factors. Methods: UK Biobank participants ( N =36,260) aged 40 to 70 years were included and stratified by sex and age into four groups (age ≤ 45, 46-55, 56-65 and > 65 years old). Multi-level regression analyses were used to assess the association between mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and brain volumes segmented using the FreeSufer software (gray matter [GMV], white matter [WMV], left [L] and right hippocampal volume [RHCV]) and WMLs. We also investigated the interaction effects between body mass index (BMI) and antihypertensive medication and BP in predicting brain volumes and WMLs. Results: Every 10-mmHg higher DBP was associated with lower brain volumes (GMV: -1300– -2800) [SE=34–90]; WMV: -903.44– -1171.7[SE=34.66–53.03]; LHCV: -7.7– -14.26 [SE=0.44–0.57]; RHCV: -6.25– -22.64[SE=0.32–0.95]) across all age groups. A similar pattern was detected in both sexes, although it was weaker, in men. Also, every 10-mmHg higher MAP was associated with larger WMLs across all age groups but peaked > 65 years (0.1 [SE=0.002]). Both lower BMI and anti-hypertensive medication appeared to afford a protective effect. Conclusion: Higher BP is associated with worse cerebral health across the full BP range from middle adulthood and across the life course. Therefore, it is important that prevention efforts be directed at younger adults with focus on achieving optimal BP to decrease future risk of developing dementia.

scholarly journals Body mass index is associated with smaller medial temporal lobe volume in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 102156
Author(s):  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Jena N. Moody ◽  
Juan Guzmán Roca ◽  
Scott M. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Change as a Predictor of Biometric Changes following an Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Drozek ◽  
Alexandria DeFabio ◽  
Randi Amstadt ◽  
Godwin Y. Dogbey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lifestyle Modification Program

The initial benefits of lifestyle modification programs such as reduction in chronic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors have been well documented. However, such positive effects may deteriorate over time following relapse into inactivity. Timely detection of weight regain leading to the deterioration of the accrued benefits could trigger early resumption of intensive lifestyle intervention. To date, no known cost-effective, noninvasive approach for monitoring long-term outcomes has yet been established. The purpose of this study was to determine if body mass index (BMI) change predicted changes in other CVD biometric markers during an intensive lifestyle modification program. This study was an observational, retrospective review of records of participants from the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP). Biomarker changes of participants in this community-based Intensive Therapeutic Lifestyle Modification Program (ITLMP) offered in Athens, Ohio, a rural Appalachian college town, between April 2011 and June 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. BMI, heart rate (Pulse), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and glucose (FBS) were monitored before and after program completion. Data were analyzed using a multivariate general linear model. The sample analyzed consisted of 620 participants (mean age of 52.3±13.0 years, 74.5% female). Controlling for age and gender, BMI change significantly predicted 5 out of the 8 biomarker changes measured [Wilk’s λ = 0.939, F(8,526) = 4.29, p <.0001]. Specifically, a 1-point BMI decrease was associated with 4.4 units decrease in TC, 3.2 units in LDL, 5.3 units in TG, 2 units in SBP, and 1 unit in DBP (all p values < .05). These results suggest that change in BMI may be a useful predictor of change in other CVD biomarkers’ outcomes during and after an ITLMP participation. Tracking BMI, therefore, could serve as a proxy measure for identifying regressing biomarker changes following participation in an ITLMP leading to a timelier reassessment and intervention. Future studies evaluating the value of BMI as a surrogate for highlighting overall cardiovascular health are warranted.

scholarly journals Motivational Climate towards the Practice of Physical Activity, Self-Concept, and Healthy Factors in the School Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Eduardo García-Marmol ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Task Oriented

The objective of the present study was to define and contrast an explanatory model relating the motivational climate, body mass index, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet with the self-concept of school children. A further objective was to analyze the existing relationships between the variables included in the developed model according to sex, using a multi-group structural equation analysis. In the study, a total of 734 school children, of both sexes, reported their perceived motivational climate towards sport, body mass index, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, and self-concept. These children were aged between 10 and 12 years old and attended public school in the province of Granada (Spain). The multi-group structural equation model developed demonstrated an excellent fit to the empirical data (χ2 = 228.179; DF = 40; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.965; NFI = 0.958; IFI = 0.968; RMSEA = 0.048). The findings identified a direct negative relationship between the ego climate and the task climate. Furthermore, an inverse relationship was found between the task climate and body mass index, and a direct relationship was found between the ego climate and body mass index. Meanwhile, Mediterranean diet adherence was directly related to the task climate and negatively related to the ego climate. The main conclusions of the present study highlight the positive effects of a task-oriented motivational climate and adherence to a Mediterranean diet, with regards to body mass index. Furthermore, a task-oriented motivational climate and a lower body mass index are related to a more positive self-concept.

scholarly journals The effects of regular step-aerobic exercises on body fat values of adult sedentary womenDüzenli step-aerobik egzersizlerinin yetişkin sedanter kadınlarda vücut yağ değerlerine etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şeyma Kurşun ◽  
Gürhan Suna ◽  
Mahmut Alp
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sedentary Women

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week regular step aerobic exercises on body fat values of adult sedentary women. 35 female joined to the study voluntarily who work as academic and administrative staff in Isparta Süleyman Demirel University. Step aerobic exercises were applied to the participants regularly as 12 weeks, 3 days a week, 60 minutes a day. The tempo of music in the exercises was based on “Bpm≥120”. Body fat ratios and fat mass measurements were taken with TANITA BC 418 Professional Body Analysis Device. Datas were compared by using “Repeated-Measures ANOVA” at SPSS 18 Statistics Programme. Participants’ mean of age was calculated 35,20±6,26 years and mean of lenght was calculated 168,48±5,09 cm. There were no statistical differences as a result of comparison of pre, mid and post-test weight, body fat ratio, fat mass and body mass index values taken from participants (p>0,05). As a result, according to findings handled from the research and similar studies in the literature, it can be thought that short-term Step-Aerobic exercises can cause reductions in body fat ratio values; but cannot cause reductions in weight and body mass index values because of the increment in muscle mass. Planning long-term exercises can be suggested to the future studies for being seen positive effects in these values. Additionally, for optimum physical fitness, these can be suggested to the participants that they should pay attention to their eating habits and should attend the exercises with a dietician control. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, 12 haftalık düzenli step aerobik egzersizlerinin yetişkin sedanter kadınlarda vücut yağ değerlerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya Isparta Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi’nde akademik ve idari personel olarak çalışan 35 kadın gönüllü katıldı.  Katılımcılara düzenli olarak 12 hafta, haftada 3 gün, günde 60 dakika step aerobik egzersizleri uygulandı. Egzersizlerde müzik temposu “Bpm≥120” olarak baz alındı. Vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağ kütlesi ölçümleri TANİTA BC 418 Profesyonel Vücut Analiz Cihazı ile alındı. Veriler SPSS 18.0 programında “Repeated-Measures ANOVA” kullanılarak analiz edildi. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 35,20±6,26 yıl ve boy ortalaması 168,48±5,09 cm olarak hesaplandı.  Katılımcılardan alınan vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi, yağ kütlesi ve beden kütle endeksi ön, ara, son test değerlerinin karşılaştırılması sonucunda istatistiksel olarak farka rastlanmadı (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak, araştırmada ve literatürdeki benzer çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgulara göre, kısa dönem Step-Aerobik egzersizlerinin vücut yağ yüzdesi değerlerinde azalmaya neden olabileceği; fakat vücut ağırlığı ve beden kütle endeksi değerlerinde azalmaya neden olmamasının kas kütlesindeki artıştan dolayı olduğu düşünülmektedir. İleride yapılacak araştırmalarda bu değerlerde pozitif etkilerin görülebilmesi için daha uzun süreli egzersizlerin planlanması önerilebilir. Ek olarak, optimum fiziksel uygunluk için planlanan egzersizlerin yanı sıra katılımcılara bu tip egzersizlerde beslenme alışkanlıklarına dikkat etmeleri ve bir diyetisyen kontrolünde egzersizlere katılmaları önerilebilir.

The Association of Elevated Body Mass Index with Reduced Brain Volumes in First-Episode Mania

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bond ◽  
Donna J. Lang ◽  
Melissa M. Noronha ◽  
Mauricio Kunz ◽  
Ivan J. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Elevated Body Mass Index

scholarly journals Association Between Cortical Thickness and Childhood Body Mass Index: Role of Race and Income

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ses Differences

Background: There is mixed literature on the association between cerebral cortex morphometry and body mass index (BMI), with only some but not all studies documenting an inverse association between cortical thickness (CT) and BMI. As the association between CT and BMI is inconsistent in the literature, we propose that racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences may exist in this regard. Objectives: We borrowed the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) data to investigate racial and SES differences in CT and childhood BMI associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,185 children between ages 9 and 10. Mixed-effects regression was used to analyze the data. The independent variable was CT measured using structural MRI. The dependent variable was BMI treated as a continuous variable. Covariates included ethnicity, sex, age, family structure, parental education, and intracranial volume. Race (White, Black, Asian, and Other/mixed) and household income levels (< 50 k, 50 - 100 k, and 100 + k) were the effect modifiers. Results: High CT was predictive of lower BMI (b for main effect of CT on BMI = -3.134; P < 0.001). However, the inverse association between CT and BMI was stronger in Black than White (b for interaction between race and CT = -2.39; P = 0.01255), and low-income than high-income children (b for interaction between income 50 - 100 k = 1.86; P = 0.02906; for interaction between income 100 + k b = 3.77; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although high CT is associated with lower BMI in children, this association varies across racial and SES groups. More research is needed on obesogenic environments’ role in altering the salience of cerebral cortex morphometry as a risk factor for high BMI.

scholarly journals The Association between Body Mass Index and Intra-Cortical Myelin: Findings from the Human Connectome Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3221
Author(s):  
Debo Dong ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Zhiliang Long ◽  
Todd Jackson ◽  
Xuebin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Intra-cortical myelin is a myelinated part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for the spread and synchronization of neuronal activity in the cortex. Recent animal studies have established a link between obesity and impaired oligodendrocyte maturation vis-à-vis cells that produce and maintain myelin; however, the association between obesity and intra-cortical myelination remains to be established. To investigate the effects of obesity on intra-cortical myelin in living humans, we employed a large, demographically well-characterized sample of healthy young adults drawn from the Human Connectome Project (n = 1066). Intra-cortical myelin was assessed using a novel T1-w/T2-w ratio method. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), an indicator of obesity, and intra-cortical myelination, adjusting for covariates of no interest. We observed BMI was related to lower intra-cortical myelination in regions previously identified to be involved in reward processing (i.e., medial orbitofrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex), attention (i.e., visual cortex, inferior/middle temporal gyrus), and salience detection (i.e., insula, supramarginal gyrus) in response to viewing food cues (corrected p < 0.05). In addition, higher BMIs were associated with more intra-cortical myelination in regions associated with somatosensory processing (i.e., the somatosensory network) and inhibitory control (i.e., lateral inferior frontal gyrus, frontal pole). These findings were also replicated after controlling for key potential confounding factors including total intracranial volume, substance use, and fluid intelligence. Findings suggested that altered intra-cortical myelination may represent a novel microstructure-level substrate underlying prior abnormal obesity-related brain neural activity, and lays a foundation for future investigations designed to evaluate how living habits, such as dietary habit and physical activity, affect intra-cortical myelination.

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