Time Trends in Murray's Psychogenic Needs over Three Decades in Swedish 75-Year-Olds

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Billstedt ◽  
Margda Waern ◽  
Hanna Falk ◽  
Paul Duberstein ◽  
Svante Östling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Swedish Version ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

Background: While time trends in personality traits have been suggested in younger cohorts, little is known regarding this issue in older adults. Objective: To test for birth cohort changes in psychogenic needs according to Murray's theory of personality in two birth cohorts of 75-year-olds born 1901-1902 and 1930. Methods: Two population-based birth cohorts were examined at the age of 75 years in 1976-1977 and in 2005-2006. Psychogenic needs according to Murray were measured with the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS), a Swedish version of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Scores on the CMPS subscales (achievement, affiliation, aggression, defence of status, guilt feelings, dominance, exhibition, autonomy, nurturance, order, succorance, and acquiescence) were compared between cohorts. Results:Achievement, exhibition, dominance, aggression, affiliation, and succorance scores were higher, and order and acquiescence scores lower, in the more recent birth cohort of 75-year-olds. Women scored lower than men on exhibition and dominance, and higher on defence of status, guilt feelings, affiliation, nurturance, and succorance. Interaction effects between cohort and sex were found for achievement (women scored lower than men in 1976-1977 but not in 2005-2006), order (the lower scores in 2005-2006 were more accentuated among men), and acquiescence (increased in men and decreased in women). Conclusion: The later-born birth cohort scored higher on self-centred traits, such as more dominant, competitive, and exhibitive traits as well as the need to be taken care of and have friends around, but it scored lower on the need for order. The gap between men and women regarding achievement decreased, possibly reflecting women's more prominent role in society.

scholarly journals Declining Incident Dementia Rates Across Four Population-Based Birth Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Sullivan ◽  
Hiroko H Dodge ◽  
Tiffany F Hughes ◽  
Chung-Chou H Chang ◽  
Xinmei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Incident Dementia

Abstract Background Incidence rates of dementia appear to be declining in high-income countries according to several large epidemiological studies. We aimed to describe declining incident dementia rates across successive birth cohorts in a U.S. population-based sample and to explore the influences of sex and education on these trends. Methods We pooled data from two community-sampled prospective cohort studies with similar study aims and contiguous sampling regions: the Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey (1987–2001) and the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (2006–Ongoing). We identified four decade-long birth cohorts spanning birth years 1902–1941. In an analysis sample of 3,010 participants (61% women, mean baseline age = 75.7 years, mean follow-up = 7.1 years), we identified 257 cases of incident dementia indicated by a Clinical Dementia Rating of 1.0 or higher. We used Poisson regression to model incident dementia rates by birth cohort, age, sex, education, and interactions of Sex × Cohort and Sex × Education. We further examined whether cohort effects varied by education, testing a Cohort × Education interaction and stratifying the models by education. Results Compared to the earliest birth cohort (1902–1911), each subsequent cohort had a significantly lower incident dementia rate (1912–1921: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.655, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.477–0.899; 1922–1931: IRR = 0.387, 95% CI = 0.265–0.564; 1932–1941: IRR = 0.233, 95% CI = 0.121–0.449). We observed no significant interactions of either sex or education with birth cohort. Conclusions A decline in incident dementia rates was observed across successive birth cohorts independent of sex, education, and age.

Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Mobility Difficulties among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo J. Malmberg ◽  
Seppo I. Miilunpalo ◽  
Matti E. Pasanen ◽  
Ilkka M. Vuori ◽  
Pekka Oja
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Risk

The authors investigated the associations of the amount, frequency and intensity, and type of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of self-reported difficulty in walking (WD) and stair climbing (SCD) over 16 years in a population-based cohort age 40–64 years at the onset of the study. Their results indicated that the risk for SCD was highest among men and women with a low amount of weekly LTPA. The risk was high also among women with weekly light LTPA compared with women with weekly vigorous LTPA. The risk for WD was highest among men who engaged in fitness activity once a week compared with men who engaged in fitness activity at least three times a week. A low amount of weekly LTPA, light LTPA twice or more a week, and LTPA for keeping fit and healthy less than three times a week are associated with future risk of mobility difficulties among middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Do Personality Traits Influence the Association Between Depression and Dementia in Old Age?

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233372142110682
Author(s):  
Adeleye A. Adaralegbe ◽  
Henry Egbuchiem ◽  
Oluwatomi Adeoti ◽  
Khuzeman Abbasi ◽  
Esther Ezeani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
Life Education ◽  
Adjusted Model

Depression and personality traits are independent predictors of dementia or cognitive impairment. Despite the well-established relationship between these two psychosocial factors and dementia, no research has been documented on how personality traits can influence dementia in older adults exhibiting depressive symptoms. This study explores the influence of personality traits on the association between change in depression and dementia in old age. A population-based longitudinal cohort study involving two waves of data collected 5 years apart, containing 2210 American older adults, from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to explore if personality traits influence how change in depression predicts the development of dementia. We assessed these relationships while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Change in depression increased the likelihood of dementia at T2 by 4.2% (AOR = 1.04, p = 0.019) in the co-variate adjusted model. Personality traits, overall, did not influence how depression predicts the development of dementia. However, agreeableness individually nullified the effect of depression on the development of dementia, whereas extraversion was the only personality trait that significantly predicted dementia. Prosocial behaviors should be promoted in old age as these appear to be protective. In addition, early life education and a strong social support can keep the depression–dementia spectrum at bay in old age.

Characterising the ocular surface and tear film in a population-based birth cohort of 45-year old New Zealand men and women

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Craig ◽  
Michael T.M. Wang ◽  
Antony Ambler ◽  
Kirsten Cheyne ◽  
Graham A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Men And Women

The influence of personality traits on perception of pain in older adults – Findings from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care – Blekinge study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Sandin Wranker ◽  
Mikael Rennemark ◽  
Sölve Elmståhl ◽  
Johan Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
National Study ◽  
Swedish Version ◽  
Significant Odds Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground and aimsThe experience of pain may vary in accordance with personality traits and individual characteristics. Neuroticism is demonstrated to constitute a vulnerability factor among younger and middle-aged pain patients. The combination of openness and neuroticism is associated with high anxiety/depression scores among adult individuals with chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between pain and the personality dimensions of neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness among persons aged 60 years and older. An additional aim was to explore whether such associations are equally gender expressed.MethodsThe Swedish National Study on Aging and Care includes a randomly selected sample from the National Population Register. The data collection was conducted at four research centres and was approved by the Ethics Committees of Lund University and the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. The Blekinge sample includes 1402 individuals, aged 60–96 years, of whom 769 (55%) reported pain. A total of 2312 individuals had been invited to participate. The reason for non-participation was registered. Participants underwent medical examination and testing by research personnel, conducted in two sessions, each of which lasted about 3 h. A questionnaire was completed between the two sessions. Pain was self-reported and based on the question: Have you had ache/pain during the last 4 weeks? Information on personality traits was obtained by means of the personality SGC1 questionnaire; a 60-item Swedish version of Costa & McCrae’s FFM questionnaire. Personality traits were then tested based on gender by means of multivariate forward logistic regression in models adjusted for age, insomnia, financial status and educational level.ResultsWhen adjusting for covariates among women, neuroticism had a small but significant odds ratio of experiencing pain (OR 1.05, CI 1.02–1.08). Insomnia had the highest odds ratio (OR 2.19, CI 1.52–3.15) followed by low education (OR 1.59, CI 1.07–2.36), while belonging to the younger part of the older adult cohort was also associated with pain (OR 1.02, CI 1.005–1.04). In men, neuroticism (OR 1.03, CI 1.002–1.06) followed by openness (OR 1.03 CI 1.001–1.07) had a small but significant odds ratio of experiencing pain. Insomnia had the highest odds ratio (OR 1.98, CI 1.24–3.15).ConclusionsPersonality traits and pain were related among the older adults but there were gender differences. The relationship between pain and neuroticism in women was about the same in strength as the relation between pain and neuroticism/openness in men. Both sexes suffer from insomnia. The relationship between personality traits and pain was only affected to a minor extent by insomnia.ImplicationsThere is a need to increase awareness of the impact of personality as well as to provide improved treatment for pain and insomnia in older people.

Secular trends in the prevalence of dementia and depression in Swedish septuagenarians 1976–2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2627-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wiberg ◽  
M. Waern ◽  
E. Billstedt ◽  
S. Östling ◽  
I. Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the prevalence of dementia and depression among the elderly has changed during the past 30 years.MethodPopulation-based samples from Gothenburg, Sweden were examined with identical psychiatric and neuropsychiatric examinations at age 70 years in 1976–1977 (n = 404, response rate 78.8%) and 2000–2001 (n = 579, response rate 66.4%), and at age 75 in 1976–1977 (n = 303, response rate 78%) and 2005–2006 (n = 753, response rate 63.4%). Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV and dementia according to Kay's criteria. General linear models (GLMs) were used to test for differences between groups.ResultsDementia was related to age but not to birth cohort or sex. Major depression was related to sex (higher in women) but not to birth cohort or age. Minor depression was related to birth cohort, sex (higher in women), age (higher at age 75) and the interaction effect of birth cohort × age; that is, the prevalence of minor depression increased with age in the 2000s but not in the 1970s. Thus, the prevalence of minor depression was higher in 2005–2006 than in 1976–1977 among 75-year-olds for both men (12.4% v. 3.7%) and women (19.1% v. 5.6%) whereas there were no birth cohort differences at age 70.ConclusionsSecular changes were observed only for minor depression, which is considered to be related more to psychosocial factors than major depression. The high prevalence of minor depression in later-born birth cohorts emphasizes the importance of detecting minor depression in the elderly.

scholarly journals Psychological distress in mid-life: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Ploubidis ◽  
A. Sullivan ◽  
M. Brown ◽  
A. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
British Cohort Study

BackgroundThis paper addresses the levels of psychological distress experienced at age 42 years by men and women born in 1958 and 1970. Comparing these cohorts born 12 years apart, we ask whether psychological distress has increased, and, if so, whether this increase can be explained by differences in their childhood conditions.MethodData were utilized from two well-known population-based birth cohorts, the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Latent variable models and causal mediation methods were employed.ResultsAfter establishing the measurement equivalence of psychological distress in the two cohorts we found that men and women born in 1970 reported higher levels of psychological distress compared with those born in 1958. These differences were more pronounced in men (b = 0.314, 95% confidence interval 0.252–0.375), with the magnitude of the effect being twice as strong compared with women (b = 0.147, 95% confidence interval 0.076–0.218). The effect of all hypothesized early-life mediators in explaining these differences was modest.ConclusionsOur findings have implications for public health policy, indicating a higher average level of psychological distress among a cohort born in 1970 compared with a generation born 12 years earlier. Due to increases in life expectancy, more recently born cohorts are expected to live longer, which implies – if such differences persist – that they are likely to spend more years with mental health-related morbidity compared with earlier-born cohorts.

Personality Characteristics of Patients with Exclusive Abuse of Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Holm ◽  
Hans Bergman ◽  
Stefan Borg
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swedish Version ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule ◽  
Hypnotic Drugs ◽  
Hard Drugs

44 patients exhibiting dependence on sedative-hypnotic drugs (not alcohol or hard drugs) scored higher than a pair-matched control group from the general population on a Swedish version of Edwards Personal Preference Schedule only with regard to Defense of Status and Guilt Feelings.

Personality Traits of Females Who Participate in Intercollegiate Competition and Nonparticipants

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Stoner ◽  
Mary Ann Bandy
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule ◽  
Individual Sports

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was administered to 30 females who participated in intercollegiate competition in individual sports, 30 females who participated in team sports, and 30 female nonparticipants. There were no significant differences in scores for the group of participants in individual sports and those in team sports on the 15 scales. Significant differences were found on 4 of the 15 scales between the groups of nonparticipants and participants. The subjects in team sports had a higher need for deference than nonparticipants while nonparticipants had a higher need for intraception, change, and heterosexuality. Nonparticipants had a higher need for change and intraception than those in individual sports.

Note on the Personality Traits of Student Nurses

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1004-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Public Health Nurses ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

Stauffacher and Navran (1968) gave the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) to student nurses and found that personality factors are related to the type of nursing area chosen. George and Stephens (1968) found public health nurses showing greater need for Autonomy and Abasement in the EPPS, whereas, psychiatric nurses placed greater emphasis on Deference and Aggression. The present study assessed the personality of student nurses as measured by Jackson's (1967) Personality Research Form (PRF) with respect to possible differences with a more general student population.

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