scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Dietary Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Unsaturated Fat Sources in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A. Hannon ◽  
Sharon V. Thompson ◽  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Margarita Teran-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Unsaturated Fat

Background: Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently treated with dietary interventions before pharmacotherapy is given. Diets high in unsaturated fat have proven advantageous to disease treatment. Aims: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the evidence of the effect of saturated fatty acids (SFA) replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in metabolically healthy adults with overweight and obesity on markers of dyslipidemia and body composition. Methods: Keyword search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of fatty acid substitution in adults with overweight and obesity. Meta-analysis was performed on interventions assessing lipoprotein levels and body composition. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot inspection, Begg's, and Egger's test. Results: Eight RCTs enrolling 663 participants were included in the review, with intervention durations between 4 and 28 weeks. Although nonsignificant (p = 0.06), meta-analysis found UFA replacement to reduce total cholesterol concentrations by 10.68 mg/dL (95%CI -21.90 to 0.53). Reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: Due to null results and a small number of studies included, there is no strong evidence that replacement of SFA with UFA may benefit lipid profiles in this population.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Impact of child summertime obesity interventions on body mass index, and weight-related behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennette P Moreno ◽  
Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im ◽  
Elizabeth M Vaughan ◽  
Tom Baranowski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
School Age

IntroductionIn previous studies, it has been found that on average, children consistently gained weight during the summer months at an increased rate compared with the 9-month school year. This contributed to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. Several obesity-related interventions have occurred during or targeting the summer months. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of obesity prevention and treatment interventions for school-age children conducted during the summer or targeting the summer months when children are not in school on their body mass index (BMI), or weight-related behaviours.Methods and analysesA literature search will be conducted by the first author (JPM) using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Proquest Dissertations and Theses databases from the date of inception to present. Studies must examine interventions that address the modification or promotion of weight-related behaviours (eg, dietary patterns, eating behaviours, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour or sleep) and target school-age children (ages 5–18). The primary outcomes will be changes from baseline to postintervention and/or the last available follow-up measurement in weight, BMI, BMI percentile, standardised BMI or per cent body fat. Secondary outcomes will include changes in dietary intake, PA, sedentary behaviour or sleep. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised and non-randomised studies, as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationBecause this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethics approval will not be required. The findings will be disseminated via presentations at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. All amendments to the protocol will be documented and dated and reported in the PROSPERO trial registry.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016041750

Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Omid Asbaghi ◽  
Sara Salehpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Abstract Previous studies evaluating the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition offer contradictory findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (body mass [BM], body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BFP], fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM]), and dietary intakes. Studies examining the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition and dietary intakes published up to August 2021 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and Ovid databases. Betaine supplementation failed to significantly affect BM [(WMD: −0.40 kg, 95% CI: −1.46 to 0.64), p=0.447], BMI [(WMD: −0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.36 to 0.25), p=0.719], BFP [(WMD: 0.26%, 95% CI: −0.82 to 1.36), p=0.663], FM [(WMD: −0.57 kg, 95% CI: −2.14 to 0.99), p=0.473], and FFM [(WMD: 0.61 kg, 95% CI: −1.27 to 2.49), p=0.527]. Subgroup analyses based on participant’s age (<40 and >40 years), sex, BMI, trial duration (<8 and ≥8 weeks), betaine supplementation dosage (<4 and ≥4 g), and health status (healthy or unhealthy) demonstrated similar results. Other than a potential negligible increase in protein intake (WMD: 3.56 g, 95% CI: 0.24 to 6.88, p=0.035), no changes in dietary intakes were observed following betaine supplementation compared to control. The present systematic review and meta-analysis does not show any beneficial effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (BM, BMI, FM, and FFM).

The Impact of Maternal Preeclampsia and Hyperglycemia on the Cardiovascular Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hoodbhoy ◽  
Nuruddin Mohammed ◽  
Karim Rizwan Nathani ◽  
Saima Sattar ◽  
Devyani Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the impact of maternal preeclampsia or hyperglycemia on the body composition and cardiovascular health in the offspring. Study Design We conducted a systematic review utilizing PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHLPlus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to include all studies assessing the impact of preeclampsia/eclampsia and/or gestational/pregestational diabetes mellitus on the health of the offspring (children <10 years of age). The health measures included anthropometry, cardiac dimensions and function, and vascular function. We performed a meta-analysis using Review Manager software and computed net risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous data. Results There were 6,376 studies in total, of which 45 were included in the review and 40 in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated higher birth weight (MD: 0.12 kg; 95% CI: 0.06–0.18) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP; MD: 5.98 mmHg; 95% CI: 5.64–6.32 and MD: 3.27 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.65–5.89, respectively) in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes compared to controls. In contrast, the offspring of mothers with preeclampsia had lower birth weight (MD: −0.41 kg; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.11); however, they had increased systolic (MD: 2.2 mmHg; 95% CI: 1.28–3.12) and diastolic BP (MD: 1.41 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.3–2.52) compared to controls. There is lack of data to conduct a meta-analysis of cardiac morphology, functional, and vascular imaging parameters. Conclusion These findings suggest that the in-utero milieu can have a permanent impact on the body composition and vascular health of the offspring. Future work warrants multicenter prospective studies to understand the mechanism and the actual effect of exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and high BP on the cardiovascular health of the offspring and long-term outcomes. Key Points

scholarly journals Prevalence and trends of thinness, overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 3–18 years across Europe: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Garrido-Miguel ◽  
Iván Cavero-Redondo ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo ◽  
Luis Moreno Aznar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
European Region ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

IntroductionIncreasing prevalence of both thinness and excess weight during childhood and adolescence is a significant public health issue because of short-term health consequences and long-term tracking of weight status. Monitoring weight status in Europe may serve to identify countries and regions where rates of these disorders are either slowing down or increasing to evaluate recent policies aimed at appropriate body weight, and to direct future interventions. This study protocol provides a standardised and transparent methodology to improve estimating trends of thinness, overweight and obesity in children aged 3–18 years and adolescents across the European region between 2000 and 2017.Methods and analysisThis protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. To identify relevant studies, a search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From the selected studies, relevant references will be screened as supplemental sources. Finally, open search in websites from health institutions will be conducted to identify weight status data not published in scientific journals. Cross-sectional, follow-up studies and panel surveys reporting weight status (objectively measured height and weight) according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and written in English or Spanish will be included. Subgroup analyses will be carried out by gender, age, study year and country or European region.DiscussionThis study will provide a comprehensive description of weight status of children and adolescents across Europe from 2000 to 2017. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This study will use data exclusively from published research or institutional literature, so institutional ethical approval is not required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017056917.

CD36 gene polymorphism -31118 G > A (rs1761667) is associated with overweight and obesity but not with fat preferences in Mexican children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mayra Enciso-Ramírez ◽  
Zyanya Reyes-Castillo ◽  
Mara Anaís Llamas-Covarrubias ◽  
Luis Guerrero ◽  
Antonio López-Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Cd36 Gene

Abstract. CD36 glycoprotein is a candidate receptor involved in the gustatory detection of lipids and emerging evidence has suggested that genetic variations in CD36 may modulate the oral perception threshold to fatty acids. Here, we analyzed the association of -31118 G > A polymorphism in CD36 gene with nutritional status and preferences for fatty foods in Mexican children. Genotyping of SNP rs1761667 was performed in school-age children (n = 63) in addition to sensory tests evaluating the preference and satisfaction score assigned to oil-based sauces of different fatty acid composition. The G allele was associated with high BMI z-score in children (OR = 2.43, 95% (CI 1.02–5.99); p = 0.02) but CD36 genotypes (AA, GA, and GG) did not show significant association with the preference and satisfaction scores assigned to oil-based sauces. The BMI z-score showed no association with the preference to oil-based sauces; however, children with normal weight gave higher satisfaction scores to sauces with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids than to sauces rich in saturated fatty acids (0.56 ± 1.26 vs. 0.06 ± 1.22; p = 0.02). Therefore, the G allele of -31118 G > A SNP in CD36 gene is associated with overweight and obesity in Mexican children but do not appear to modulate the preferences and satisfaction scores to fat.

scholarly journals Dietary Interventions in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Houttu ◽  
Susanne Csader ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp ◽  
Adriaan G. Holleboom ◽  
Ursula Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Background: With no approved pharmacotherapy to date, the present therapeutic cornerstone for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is a lifestyle intervention. Guidelines endorse weight loss through dietary modifications, physical exercise, or both. However, no consensus exists on the optimal dietary treatment.Objectives: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and assess the evidence for applied types of dietary interventions on the liver and metabolic outcomes in patients with NAFLD, aside from any effects of exercise intervention.Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases in February 2020. Included were only dietary interventions without exercise. This study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020203573.Results: Eight randomized controlled trials, seven with endpoint reduction of hepatic steatosis, one with an assessment of endpoint fibrosis, were included in this systematic review, five of which were included in the meta-analysis. Mediterranean dietary interventions without energy restriction (n = 3) showed significant reduction of intrahepatic lipid content (IHL) (SDM: −0.57, 95% CI: −1.04, −0.10), but there was no significant change in alanine transaminase (ALT) (SDM: 0.59, 95% CI: −0.5, −1.68). Hypocaloric dietary interventions with foods high in unsaturated fatty acids (n = 2) led to a significant decrease in ALT (SDM: −1.09, 95% CI: −1.49, −0.69) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SDM: −0.75, 95% CI: −1.27, 0.23); yet effects on steatosis could not be aggregated due to different assessment techniques. Mediterranean diet did not lead to significant changes in concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting glucose or insulin, or homeostatic assessment for insulin resistance.Conclusions: In patients with NAFLD, Mediterranean and hypocaloric dietary interventions favoring unsaturated fatty acids result in improvements in IHL and transaminases. Since many dietary intervention studies are combined with exercise interventions and there is a paucity of ample-sized studies examining dietary interventions on the more advanced and clinically relevant stages of NAFLD, that is active and fibrotic NASH, with multiparametric imaging and liver histology as outcome measures, the optimal dietary invention in NAFLD remains to be defined.

Effects of the Mat Pilates Method on Body Composition: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-681
Author(s):  
Allysiê Priscilla de Souza Cavina ◽  
Eduardo Pizzo Junior ◽  
Aryane Flauzino Machado ◽  
Taíse Mendes Biral ◽  
Leonardo Kesrouani Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Better Than

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of the mat Pilates method on body composition in healthy adult subjects compared with traditional exercise or control condition models. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, SciELO, CINAHAL, and the Cochrane Library. Results: A total of 10 eligible studies were selected for revision. The findings of this review demonstrated that the mat Pilates method was not more effective than the traditional exercise or control condition models for the analyzed variables (body mass index, lean mass, body fat percentage, and abdominal circumference). Moreover, in the exploratory analysis with older people, adults, and overweight/obese individuals, the mat Pilates method was also not superior for the analyzed outcomes. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the mat Pilates method is no better than the control condition or other types of training to reduce body composition.

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