scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fei Yuan ◽  
Ziye Huang ◽  
Tongxin Yang ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Tract Infections

Proteus mirabilis (PM) is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium and widely exists in the natural environment, and it is most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity. PM is the main pathogen causing complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Clinically, PM can form a crystalline biofilm on the outer surface and inner cavity of the urethral indwelling catheter owing to its ureolytic biomineralization. This leads to catheter encrustation and blockage and, in most cases, is accompanied by urine retention and ascending UTI, causing cystitis, pyelonephritis, and the development of bladder or kidney stones, or even fatal complications such as septicemia and endotoxic shock. In this review, we discuss how PM is mediated by a catheter into the urethra, bladder, and then rose to the kidney causing UTI and the main virulence factors associated with different stages of infection, including flagella, pili or adhesins, urease, hemolysin, metal intake, and immune escape, encompassing both historical perspectives and current advances.

Effect of an external urinary collection device for women on institutional catheter utilization and catheter-associated urinary tract infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Lindsey Rearigh ◽  
Gayle Gillett ◽  
Adrienne Sy ◽  
Terry Micheels ◽  
Luana Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract External urinary collection devices (EUCDs) may reduce indwelling catheter usage and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). In this retrospective quasi-experimental study, we demonstrated that EUCD implementation in women was associated with significantly decreased indwelling catheter usage and a trend (P = .10) toward decreased CAUTI per 1,000 patient days.

scholarly journals 1675. Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections in the United States, 2009 - 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S823-S823
Author(s):  
Kendra Foster ◽  
Linnea A Polgreen ◽  
Brett Faine ◽  
Philip M Polgreen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections. There is a lack of large epidemiologic studies evaluating the etiologies of UTIs in the United States. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different UTI-causing organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among patients being treated in a hospital setting. Methods We used the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients with a primary diagnosis code of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urinary tract infection and had a urine culture from 2009- 2018 were included in the study. Both inpatients and patients who were only treated in the emergency department (ED) were included. We calculated descriptive statistics for uropathogens and their susceptibilities. Multi-drug-resistant pathogens are defined as pathogens resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Resistance patterns are also described for specific drug classes, like resistance to fluoroquinolones. We also evaluated antibiotic use in this patient population and how antibiotic use varied during the hospitalization. Results There were 640,285 individuals who met the inclusion criteria. Females make up 82% of the study population and 45% were age 65 or older. The most common uropathogen was Escherichia Coli (64.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.7%). 22.2% of patients were infected with a multi-drug-resistant pathogen. We found that E. Coli was multi-drug resistant 23.8% of the time; Klebsiella pneumoniae was multi-drug resistant 7.4%; and Proteus mirabilis was multi-drug resistant 2.8%. The most common antibiotics prescribed were ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Among patients that were prescribed ceftriaxone, 31.7% of them switched to a different antibiotic during their hospitalization. Patients that were prescribed levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin switched to a different antibiotic 42.8% and 41.5% of the time, respectively. Conclusion E. Coli showed significant multidrug resistance in this population of UTI patients that were hospitalized or treated within the ED, and antibiotic switching is common. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Multi-Drug Resistant Proteus mirabilis: Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes

Infection ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cohen-Nahum ◽  
L. Saidel-Odes ◽  
K. Riesenberg ◽  
F. Schlaeffer ◽  
A. Borer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Identification of the autotransporter Pet toxin in <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> strain isolated from patients with urinary tract infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Raúl Gutiérrez-Lucas ◽  
Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández ◽  
Bertha González-Pedrajo ◽  
Carlos Eslava-Campos ◽  
Jaime Bustos-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections and Associated Factors among Patients Attending Hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Odoki ◽  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
Julius Tibyangye ◽  
Josephat Nyabayo Maniga ◽  
Eddie Wampande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and comorbidities in patients with underlying conditions, and it accounts for the majority of the reasons for hospital visit globally. Sound knowledge of factors associated with UTI may allow timely intervention that can easily bring the disease under control. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of UTI by isolating and characterizing the different bacterial etiological agents and to evaluate the factors associated with UTI. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 267, clean catch midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using standard microbiology methods. Data for the factors associated with UTI were obtained by use of questionnaires and standard laboratory tests for selected underlying conditions. The study revealed 86/267 (32.2%) UTI prevalence among patients attending hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial uropathogen with 36/86 (41.9%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 27/86 (31.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 10/86 (11.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca 6/86 (7.0%), Proteus mirabilis 3/86 (3.5%), Enterococcus faecalis 3/86 (3.5%), and Proteus vulgaris 1/86 (1.2%). This study has demonstrated that age ≤19 years, female gender, married individuals, genitourinary tract abnormalities, diabetes, hospitalization, indwelling catheter <6 days, and indwelling catheter >6 days had statistically significant relationships (p<0.05) with UTI. Screening for UTI in hospitalized patients, female gender, married individuals, genitourinary tract abnormalities, indwelling catheter, and diabetics should be adopted.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in the Presence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones Alters Proteus mirabilis Biofilm Inhibitory Rate

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Tomasz Bogiel ◽  
Agata Białucha ◽  
Jana Przekwas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Tract Infections

Vitamin C has antimicrobial activity and is often used as an oral supplement accompanying antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infections (UTI). Proteus mirabilis is the third common species responsible for UTIs that are mostly treated with fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Treatment of the UTI caused by P. mirabilis is problematic due to the ability to form biofilm on the urinary catheters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of ascorbic acid in combination with antibiotics on P. mirabilis abilities to form biofilm. The susceptibility of P. mirabilis reference strain ATCC® 29906™ and four clinical strains isolated from the urine samples of patients with urinary catheter were evaluated according to EUCAST recommendations. The influence of ascorbic acid (0.4 mg × mL−1) in combination with antibiotics on biofilm formation was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Aminoglycosides at sub-inhibitory concentrations more successfully limited biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains without ascorbic acid addition. Inhibition rate differences at the lowest concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Ascorbic acid addition to the culture medium limited the inhibitory effect of fluoroquinolones, facilitating biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains. The addition of ascorbic acid during aminoglycosides therapy may disturb treatment of urinary tract infections related to the presence of P. mirabilis biofilm.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Proteus mirabilis Strains Harboring CTX-M-65 Isolated from Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choo Yee Yu ◽  
Geik Yong Ang ◽  
Yun Fong Ngeow ◽  
Kok Keng Tee ◽  
Wai-Fong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Tract Infections

Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that is commonly associated with urinary tract infections. Here, we present draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis strains, isolated from urine samples in Malaysia, that harbored a CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding gene, as well as a repertoire of other antimicrobial-resistant determinants.

scholarly journals Liposomal-lipopolysaccharide vaccine extracted from Proteus mirabilis induces moderate TLR4 and CD14 production

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Ruaa SH. Nile ◽  
Mayyada F. Darweesh ◽  
Mohauman M. Al-Rufaie
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in individuals with functional or structural abnormalities. It also forms bladder and kidney stones. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potential Proteus virulence factor that plays a key role in pathogenesis, as well as in stimulating innate immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to extract LPS from a highly resistant isolate and incorporate it in a delivery system (liposome) to stimulate an immune response against virulent pathogens. In the work, 50 isolates of P. mirabilis were taken from 200 urine specimens obtained from recurrent-urinary tract infections (UTI) of patients of AL-Sadar Hospital. Specimens were cultured on specific media, and then bacterial isolates were identified via morphological, biochemical and Vitek-2 systems. The results showed that P. mirabilis was expressed in 11 (22%), 30 (60%) and 9 (18%) recurrent UTI, kidney stone and catheter samples, respectively. All isolates were assessed through antibiogram testing, with the results revealing that most isolates were multidrug resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics. Herein, P. mirabilis NO 50 revealed particularly high resistance, so it was chosen for LPS extraction. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) observations indicated that a live suspension of P. mirabilis was at 4.5×107 CFU/ml, while LPS was at 270 μg/ml. LPS was used as an immunogenic to stimulate the immune system through injecting Rats intraperitoneally (I.P.) with 1 ml of LD50%. Subsequently, the efficiency of immunogenes in stimulating the immune response was evaluated by determining the Toll-like receptor and CD14 levels. The results indicate that LPS incorporated in the Liposome released moderate levels of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR4) that enabled the immune system to clear pathogens. The LPS+ complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and LPS vaccinated groups recorded hyper production for TLR4 (52.2 and 40.9 pg/ml, respectively), this was followed by liposome (LIP) and bacterial suspension (11 and 20.5 pg/ml, respectively) in ranking effectiveness. This study reveals a mean of CD14 that was higher in both LPS and LPS+CFA and moderate in LPS+LIP, in comparison with control and liposome groups. In conclusion, LPS-Liposomes are a promising nanomedicine for modulating the hyper response of LPS. This may lead to tissue inflammation but appeared beneficial in stimulating the immune response at moderate levels so as to eradicate infection without tissue damage.

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