scholarly journals A Journey through the Early Evidence Linking Hydration to Metabolic Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Vanhaecke ◽  
Erica T. Perrier ◽  
Olle Melander
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Water Supplementation

The idea that water intake or hydration may play an intrinsic, independent role in modulating metabolic disease risk is relatively recent. Here, we outline the journey from early experimental works to more recent evidence linking water and hydration to metabolic health. It has been known for decades that individuals with existing metabolic dysfunction experience challenges to body water balance and have elevated arginine vasopressin (AVP), <underline>a key</underline> hormone regulating body fluid homeostasis. Later, intervention studies demonstrated that altering fluid balance in these individuals could worsen their condition, suggesting that hydration played a role in modulating glycemic control. More recently, observational and interventional studies in healthy individuals have implicated the hydration-vasopressin axis in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Individuals with higher AVP (or its surrogate, copeptin) are at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes and components of the metabolic syndrome, an association that remains even when controlling for known risk factors. Supporting preclinical work also suggests a causal role for AVP in metabolic dysfunction. It is known that individuals who habitually drink less fluids tend to have higher circulating AVP, which may be lowered by increasing water intake. In the short term, water supplementation in habitual low drinkers with high copeptin may reduce fasting glucose or glucagon, generating a proof of concept for the role of water supplementation in reducing incident metabolic disease. A large randomized trial is ongoing to determine whether water supplementation for 1 year in subjects with low water intake can meaningfully reduce fasting glucose, risk of new-onset diabetes, and other cardiometabolic risk factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Skeletal Muscle ERα on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Health

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Hevener ◽  
Vicent Ribas ◽  
Timothy M Moore ◽  
Zhenqi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Increased expression of ESR1 (the gene that encodes the estrogen receptor alpha, ERα) in muscle is highly associated with metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, reduced muscle expression levels of ESR1 are observed in women, men, and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction elevates chronic disease risk, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed. This review will provide published work supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of mitochondrial function, metabolic homeostasis, and insulin action. We will provide evidence that muscle-selective targeting of ERα may be effective for the preservation of mitochondrial and metabolic health. Collectively published findings support a compelling role for ERα in the control of muscle metabolism via its regulation of mitochondrial function and quality control. Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the design of novel therapeutics to improve metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have historically plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.

scholarly journals Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in 18 to 20 Year Old African Americans

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Messiah ◽  
David A. Ludwig ◽  
Denise C. Vidot ◽  
Veronica H. Accornero ◽  
Steven E. Lipshultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Prenatal Cocaine ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>The long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on physical health are largely unknown. No human studies support or refute a relationship between PCE and the long-term risk for cardiovascu­lar and/or metabolic disease. We investi­gated the association of PCE on primary car­diometabolic disease risk factors in African Americans (AA) aged 18 to 20 years.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>Cohort, longitudinal, prospective.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Setting: </strong>Miami-Dade County, Florida, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Medical Center.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>Healthy full-term inner-city AA adolescents (aged 18 to 20 years, <em>N</em>=350) previously enrolled at birth from 1990-1993.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Main Outcome Measures: </strong>Fasting serum insulin, glucose, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and the components and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>There were no PCE-associated differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors including the metabolic syndrome and its individual components in AAs aged 18 to 20 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our study do not support an association between PCE and increased cardiometabolic disease risk in AAs aged 18 to 20 years. Whether PCE is associated with cardiovascular or metabolic disease in adulthood would require further investigation. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2015;25(4):419- 426; doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.419</p><strong></strong>

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Rest-Activity Circadian Rhythm in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Mulè ◽  
Eleonora Bruno ◽  
Patrizia Pasanisi ◽  
Letizia Galasso ◽  
Lucia Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
Rest Activity

Rest-Activity circadian Rhythm (RAR) can be used as a marker of the circadian timing system. Recent studies investigated the relationship between irregular circadian rhythms and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. These factors are related to the Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a clustering of metabolic risk factors that increases the risk of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to explore the RAR characteristics by actigraphy in subjects with MS, particularly in relation to sex and MS parameters, using parametric and non-parametric analyses. Distinguishing the characteristics of RAR based on sex could prove useful as a tool to improve the daily level of activity and set up customized activity programs based on each person’s circadian activity profile. This study showed that female participants exhibited higher values than male participants in the Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR) (243.3 ± 20.0 vs 197.6 ± 17.9 activity count), Amplitude (184.5 ± 18.5 vs 144.2 ± 17.2 activity count), which measures half of the extent of the rhythmic variation in a cycle, and the most active 10-h period (M10) (379.08 ± 16.43 vs 295.13 ± 12.88 activity count). All these parameters are indicative of a higher daily activity level in women. Female participants also had lower Intradaily Variability (IV) than male participants (0.75 ± 0.03 vs 0.85 ± 0.03 activity count), which indicates a more stable and less fragmented RAR. These preliminary data provide the first experimental evidence of a difference in RAR parameters between male and female people with MS.

scholarly journals Reversal Rate of Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the General Population: The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Okada ◽  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Yoshifusa Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Reversal Rate ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The reversal rate from clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors—components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known.Methods and Results. Among 35,534 subjects who received the annual health examinations at the NiigataHealth Foundation (Niigata, Japan), 4,911 subjects had clustering of 3 or more of the following CVD risk factors: (1) body mass index (BMI) ≥25 Kg/m2, (2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg in systolic and/or ≥85 mm Hg in diastolic, (3) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, (4) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL in men, ≤50 mg/dL in women, and (5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. After 5 years 1,929 subjects had a reversal of clustering (39.4%). A reversal occurred more often in males. The subjects with a reversal of clustering had milder level of each risk factor and a smaller number of risk factors, while BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.Conclusion. We concluded that a reversal of clustering CVD risk factors is possible in 4/10 subjects over a 5-year period by habitual or medical interventions. Gender and each CVD risk factor affected the reversal rate adversely, and BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.

scholarly journals Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Saruna Ghimire ◽  
Chandni Joshi ◽  
Bishal Gyawali ◽  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disease Risk

scholarly journals Weight Loss Efficacy of 4-Hour Versus 6-Hour Time Restricted Feeding in Adults with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 584-584
Author(s):  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Vasiliki Pavlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disease Risk ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives This study was undertaken to compare the effects of 4-h TRF to that of 6-h TRF on body weight, body composition, and metabolic disease risk factors in adults with obesity. We hypothesized that 4-h TRF would produce the greatest decreases in body weight, fat mass, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, compared to 6-h TRF. Methods Adults with obesity (n = 49) were randomized to 1 of 3 interventions for 8 weeks: 4-h TRF (ad libitum eating between 3:00 to 7:00 pm, water fasting between 7:00 to 3:00 pm); 6-h TRF (ad libitum eating between 1:00 to 7:00 pm, water fasting between 7:00 to 1:00 pm); or control (ad libitum food intake with no timing restrictions). Results Body weight decreased similarly in the 4-h TRF group (–3.3 ± 0.5%) and 6-h TRF group (–2.6 ± 0.5%) relative to controls over 8 weeks (P &lt; 0.001). Fat mass, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity also decreased in the 4-h TRF and 6-h TRF groups versus controls. LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and HbA1c were not significantly different from controls after 8 weeks. Conclusions This is the first trial to examine the effects of 4-h vs. 6-h TRF on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors. We show here that 8 weeks of 4-h and 6-h TRF decreases body weight by ∼3–4% relative to controls. We also demonstrate that this fasting regimen produces significant reductions in blood pressure, fat mass, insulin and insulin resistance. These preliminary data offer promise for the use of 4-h and 6-h TRF as a weight loss techniques in adults with obesity, but larger, longer-term trials are needed to confirm these findings. Funding Sources Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago

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