scholarly journals The Relationship between Abdominal Fat Phenotypes and Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Individuals after Acute Pancreatitis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyeon Ko ◽  
Loren Skudder-Hill ◽  
Jaelim Cho ◽  
Sakina H. Bharmal ◽  
Maxim S. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Matsuda Index

Both type 2 prediabetes/diabetes (T2DM) and new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP) are characterized by impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin action. Although the outcomes of NODAP and T2DM are different, it is unknown whether drivers of insulin resistance are different in the two types of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the associations between abdominal fat phenotypes and indices of insulin sensitivity in non-obese individuals with NODAP, T2DM, and healthy controls. Indices of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), Raynaud index, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, Matsuda index) were calculated in fasting and postprandial states. Fat phenotypes (intra-pancreatic fat, intra-hepatic fat, skeletal muscle fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat) were determined using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Linear regression and relative importance analyses were conducted. Age, sex, and glycated hemoglobin A1c were adjusted for. A total of 78 non-obese individuals (26 NODAP, 20 T2DM, and 32 healthy controls) were included. Intra-pancreatic fat was significantly associated with all the indices of insulin sensitivity in the NODAP group, consistently in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Intra-pancreatic fat was not significantly associated with any index of insulin sensitivity in the T2DM and healthy controls groups. The variance in HOMA-IS was explained the most by intra-pancreatic fat (R2 = 29%) in the NODAP group and by visceral fat (R2 = 21%) in the T2DM group. The variance in the Raynaud index was explained the most by intra-pancreatic fat (R2 = 18%) in the NODAP group and by visceral fat (R2 = 15%) in the T2DM group. The variance in the TyG index was explained the most by visceral fat in both the NODAP group (R2 = 49%) and in the T2DM group (R2 = 25%). The variance in the Matsuda index was explained the most by intra-pancreatic fat (R2 = 48%) in the NODAP group and by visceral fat (R2 = 38%) in the T2DM group. The differing association between intra-pancreatic fat and insulin resistance can be used to differentiate NODAP from T2DM. Insulin resistance in NODAP appears to be predominantly driven by increased intra-pancreatic fat deposition.

scholarly journals Enhanced cortisol production rates, free cortisol, and 11β-HSD-1 expression correlate with visceral fat and insulin resistance in men: effect of weight loss

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. E351-E357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Q. Purnell ◽  
Steven E. Kahn ◽  
Mary H. Samuels ◽  
David Brandon ◽  
D. Lynn Loriaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Free Cortisol

Controversy exists as to whether endogenous cortisol production is associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance in humans. We therefore quantified cortisol production and clearance rates, abdominal fat depots, insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte gene expression in a cohort of 24 men. To test whether the relationships found are a consequence rather than a cause of obesity, eight men from this larger group were studied before and after weight loss. Daily cortisol production rates (CPR), free cortisol levels (FC), and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were measured by stable isotope methodology and 24-h sampling; intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous fat (SQF) by computed tomography; insulin sensitivity (SI) by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test; and adipocyte 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD-1) gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR from subcutaneous biopsies. Increased CPR and FC correlated with increased IAF, but not SQF, and with decreased SI. Increased 11β-HSD-1 gene expression correlated with both IAF and SQF and with decreased SI. With weight loss, CPR, FC, and MCR did not change compared with baseline; however, with greater loss in body fat than lean mass during weight loss, both CPR and FC increased proportionally to final fat mass and IAF and 11β-HSD-1 decreased compared with baseline. These data support a model in which increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in men promotes selective visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance and may promote weight regain after diet-induced weight loss, whereas 11β-HSD-1 gene expression in SQF is a consequence rather than cause of adiposity.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Circulating Acetate and Human Insulin Resistance before and after Weight Loss in the DiOGenes Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Manuel A. González Hernández ◽  
Emanuel E. Canfora ◽  
Kenneth Pasmans ◽  
A. Astrup ◽  
W. H. M. Saris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Matsuda Index

Microbially-produced acetate has been reported to beneficially affect metabolic health through effects on satiety, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and substrate utilization. Here, we investigate the association between sex-specific concentrations of acetate and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating insulin and Matsuda Index) in the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) Dietary study at baseline and after a low-calorie diet (LCD, 800 kcal/d). In this analysis, 692 subjects (Body Mass Index >27 kg/m2) were included, who underwent an LCD for 8 weeks. Linear mixed models were performed, which were adjusted for mean acetate concentration, center (random factor), age, weight loss, and fat-free mass (FFM). At baseline, no associations between plasma acetate and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices were found. We found a slight positive association between changes in acetate and changes in HOMA-IR (stdβ 0.130, p = 0.033) in women, but not in men (stdβ −0.072, p = 0.310) independently of age, weight loss and FFM. We were not able to confirm previously reported associations between acetate and insulin sensitivity in this large European cohort. The mechanisms behind the sex-specific relationship between LCD-induced changes in acetate and insulin sensitivity require further study.

scholarly journals Melatonin Treatment Improves Insulin Resistance and Pigmentation in Obese Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Sun ◽  
Xingchun Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Chen ◽  
Aaron M. Gusdon ◽  
Kexiu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Matsuda Index

Objective. This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on insulin resistance in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN). Methods. A total of 17 obese patients with acanthosis nigricans were recruited in a 12-week pilot open trial. Insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, inflammatory factors, and other biochemical parameters before and after the administration of melatonin were measured. Results. After 12 weeks of treatment with melatonin (3 mg/day), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (8.99 ± 5.10 versus 7.77 ± 5.21, p<0.05) and fasting insulin (37.09 5 ± 20.26 μU/ml versus 32.10 ± 20.29 μU/ml, p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Matsuda index (2.82 ± 1.54 versus 3.74 ± 2.02, p<0.05) was significantly increased. There were also statistically significant declines in the AN scores of the neck and axilla, body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral index, neck circumference, waist circumference, and inflammatory markers. Conclusions. It was concluded that melatonin could improve cutaneous symptoms in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans by improving insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02604095.

Plasma MOTS-c levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in lean but not in obese individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rodrigo Cataldo ◽  
Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo ◽  
José Luis Santos ◽  
Jose Eduardo Galgani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Insight Into

Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that attenuates weight gain and hyperinsulinemia when administered to high fat-fed mice. MOTS-c is therefore a potential regulator of metabolic homeostasis under conditions of high-energy supply. However, the effect of insulin resistance and obesity on plasma MOTS-c concentration in humans is unknown. To gain insight into MOTS-c regulation, we measured plasma MOTS-c concentration and analyzed its relationship with insulin sensitivity surrogates, in lean and obese humans (n=10 per group). Obese individuals had impaired insulin sensitivity as indicated by low Matsuda and high Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) indexes. Although plasma MOTS-c concentration was similar in lean and obese individuals (0.48±0.16 and 0.52±0.15 ng/mL; p=0.60), it was correlated with HOMA (r=0.53; p<0.05) and Matsuda index (r=−0.46; p<0.05). Notably, when the groups were analyzed separately, the associations remained only in lean individuals. We conclude that plasma MOTS-c concentration is unaltered in human obesity. However, MOTS-c associates positively with insulin resistance mostly in lean individuals, indicating that plasma MOTS-c concentration depends on the metabolic status in this population. Such dependence seems altered when obesity settles. The implications of plasma MOTS-c for human metabolic homeostasis deserve future examination.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. E1033-E1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cris A. Slentz ◽  
Lori A. Bateman ◽  
Leslie H. Willis ◽  
A. Tamlyn Shields ◽  
Charles J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Liver

While the benefits of exercise are clear, many unresolved issues surround the optimal exercise prescription. Many organizations recommend aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT), yet few studies have compared their effects alone or in combination. The purpose of this study, part of Studies Targeting Risk Reduction Interventions Through Defined Exercise-Aerobic Training and/or Resistance Training (STRRIDE/AT/RT), was to compare the effects of AT, RT, and the full combination (AT/RT) on central ectopic fat, liver enzymes, and fasting insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)]. In a randomized trial, 249 subjects [18–70 yr old, overweight, sedentary, with moderate dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol 130–190 mg/dl or HDL cholesterol ≤40 mg/dl for men or ≤45 mg/dl for women)] performed an initial 4-mo run-in period. Of these, 196 finished the run-in and were randomized into one of the following 8-mo exercise-training groups: 1) RT, which comprised 3 days/wk, 8 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 8–12 repetitions/set, 2) AT, which was equivalent to ∼19.2 km/wk (12 miles/wk) at 75% peak O2 uptake, and 3) full AT + full RT (AT/RT), with 155 subjects completing the intervention. The primary outcome variables were as follows: visceral and liver fat via CT, plasma liver enzymes, and HOMA. AT led to significant reductions in liver fat, visceral fat, alanine aminotransferase, HOMA, and total and subcutaneous abdominal fat (all P < 0.05). RT resulted in a decrease in subcutaneous abdominal fat ( P < 0.05) but did not significantly improve the other variables. AT was more effective than RT at improving visceral fat, liver-to-spleen ratio, and total abdominal fat (all P < 0.05) and trended toward a greater reduction in liver fat score ( P < 0.10). The effects of AT/RT were statistically indistinguishable from the effects of AT. These data show that, for overweight and obese individuals who want to reduce measures of visceral fat and fatty liver infiltration and improve HOMA and alanine aminotransferase, a moderate amount of aerobic exercise is the most time-efficient and effective exercise mode.

scholarly journals LDL and HDL lipoprotein subfractions in multiple sclerosis patients with decreased insulin sensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Radikova ◽  
Adela Penesova ◽  
Miroslav Vlcek ◽  
Andrea Havranova ◽  
Monika Sivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

AbstractObjectives. Increased metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Previously, we have found decreased insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinemia in a group of newly diagnosed MS patients. We hypothesize that these features may be associated with an altered lipid profile and low, intermediate, or high density lipoprotein (LDL, IDL, HDL) subclasses accelerating atherosclerosis and thus contributing to the cardiovascular risk increase in these patients.Subjects and methods. In a group of 19 newly diagnosed untreated MS patients with previously found hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and a matched group of 19 healthy controls, the lipoprotein subclasses profile was determined. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate and measure the LDL (large LDL and small dense LDL), HDL (large, intermediate and small), and IDL (A, B and C) subclasses with the Lipoprint© System (Quantimetrix Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA, USA).Results. No difference was found either in the conventional lipid or lipoprotein subclasses profile between the MS patients and healthy controls. We found an inverse association between the level of IDL-B with fasting insulin (r=–0.504, p=0.032), the insulin resistance estimated by homeo-static model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=–0.498, p=0.035), insulin response expressed as area under the curve (AUC; r=–0.519, p=0.027), and area above the baseline (AAB; r=–0.476, p=0.045) and positive association with insulin sensitivity estimated by insulin sensitivity index (ISI) Matsuda (r=0.470, 0.048) in MS patients, but not in healthy controls suggesting the first signs in lipoprotein subclasses profile change.Conclusions. Our data indicate that changes in lipoprotein profile and subclasses are preceded by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in patients with newly diagnosed MS.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Indices in Identifying Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5591
Author(s):  
Gary J. Farkas ◽  
Phillip S. Gordon ◽  
Nareka Trewick ◽  
Ashraf S. Gorgey ◽  
David R. Dolbow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Matsuda Index

The purpose of this screening and diagnostic study was to examine the accord among indices of glucose metabolism, including the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA), HOMA2, Matsuda Index, Quantitative Insulin-sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) against intravenous glucose tolerance test-measured insulin sensitivity (Si) in individuals with chronic motor complete SCI. Persons with chronic (≥12-months post-injury) SCI (n = 29; 79% men; age 42.2 ± 11.4; body mass index 28.6 ± 6.4 kg/m2; C4-T10) were included. Measures were compared using adjusted R2 from linear regression models with Akaike information criterion (AIC, a measure of error). QUCKI had the greatest agreement with Si (adjusted R2 = 0.463, AIC = 91.1, p = 0.0001), followed by HOMA (adjusted R2 = 0.378, AIC = 95.4, p = 0.0008), HOMA2 (adjusted R2 = 0.256, AIC = 99.7, p = 0.0030), and the Matsuda Index (adjusted R2 = 0.356, AIC = 95.5, p = 0.0004). FPG (adjusted R2 = 0.056, AIC = 107.5, p = 0.1799) and HbA1C (adjusted R2 = 0.1, AIC = 106.1, p = 0.0975) had poor agreement with Si. While HbA1C and FPG are commonly used for evaluating disorders of glucose metabolism, QUICKI demonstrates the best accord with Si compared to the other measures.

Fatty pancreas in relation to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in children with obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Elhady ◽  
Amira Aly Ahmed Mahmoud Elazab ◽  
Karima Abdelfattah Bahagat ◽  
Naglaa Abdelmoneam Abdallah ◽  
Gamil El-Sayed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Fatty Pancreas ◽  
Lean Children ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Ectopic visceral fat is a major risk factor for obesity complications including insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Ultrasonography is a simple bedside screening tool used for the assessment of ectopic visceral fat including fatty pancreas. This study investigates the association between insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and fatty pancreas detected by ultrasound in children with obesity. Methods This case-control study included 50 prepubertal obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥95th age- and sex-specific percentiles) and 30 lean children (BMI 5th–85th age- and sex-specific percentiles) as the control group. Clinical and laboratory parameters of metabolic syndrome including anthropometric indices of central obesity, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profile were measured. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance. Ultrasonographic assessment for pancreatic fat was done for all children. Results Fifty-eight percent of obese children had fatty pancreas. Obese children with fatty pancreas had a higher rate of metabolic syndrome (p=0.013) and insulin resistance than those with non-fatty pancreas (p=0.012). Regression analysis revealed that fatty pancreas is an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Fatty pancreas increases the risk for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 11.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.69–48.22) and insulin resistance (OR 7.85; 95% CI: 2.20–28.05) in children with obesity. Conclusions Obese children have higher pancreatic fat accumulation than lean children. Obese children with fatty pancreas are more susceptible to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Insulin resistance induced by hydrocortisone is increased in patients with abdominal obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. E995-E1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Darmon ◽  
Frédéric Dadoun ◽  
Sandrine Boullu-Ciocca ◽  
Michel Grino ◽  
Marie-Christine Alessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Pai 1

Glucocorticoids hypersensitivity may be involved in the development of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Eight normal weight and eight obese women received on two occasions a 3-h intravenous infusion of saline or hydrocortisone (HC) (1.5 μg·kg−1·min−1). Plasma cortisol, insulin, and glucose levels were measured every 30 min from time−30(min) (time−30) to time240. Free fatty acids, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were measured at time−30, time180, and time240. At time240, subjects underwent an insulin tolerance test to obtain an index of insulin sensitivity (KITT). Mean30–240cortisol level was similar in control and obese women after saline (74 ± 16 vs. 75 ± 20 μg/l) and HC (235 ± 17 vs. 245 ± 47 μg/l). The effect of HC on mean180–240insulin, mean180–240insulin resistance obtained by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and KITTwas significant in obese (11.4 ± 2.0 vs. 8.2 ± 1.3 mU/l, P < 0.05; 2.37 ± 0.5 vs. 1.64 ± 0.3, P < 0.05; 2.81 ± 0.9 vs. 3.32 ± 1.02%/min, P < 0.05) but not in control women (3.9 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 0.5 mU/l; 0.78 ± 0.1 vs. 0.49 ± 0.1; 4.36 ± 1.1 vs. 4.37 ± 1.2%/min). In the whole population, the quantity of visceral fat, estimated by computerized tomography scan, was correlated with the increment of plasma insulin and HOMA-IR during HC infusion [Δmean30–240insulin ( r = 0.61, P < 0.05), Δmean30–240HOMA-IR ( r = 0.66, P < 0.01)]. The increase of PAI-1 between time180and time240after HC was higher in obese women (+25%) than in controls (+12%) ( P < 0.05), whereas no differential effect between groups was observed for free fatty acids or adiponectin. A moderate hypercortisolism, equivalent to that induced by a mild stress, has more pronounced consequences on insulin sensitivity in abdominally obese women than in controls. These deleterious effects are correlated with the amount of visceral fat.

Magnesium intake, insulin resistance and markers of endothelial function among women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Narges Ghorbani Bavani ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Ahmadreza Yazdannik ◽  
Ebrahim Falahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Abstract Objective: We investigated the association of dietary Mg intake with insulin resistance and markers of endothelial function among Iranian women. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ. Dietary Mg intake was calculated by summing up the amount of Mg in all foods. A fasting blood sample was taken to measure serum concentrations of glycemic indices (fasting plasma glucose and insulin) and endothelial function markers (E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). Insulin resistance and sensitivity were estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostasis Model Assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Participants: Iranian female nurses (n 345) selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Results: The Mg intake across energy-adjusted quartiles was 205 (se 7), 221·4 (se 8), 254·3 (se 7) and 355·2 (se 9) mg/d, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounders, QUICKI level was significantly different across quartiles of Mg intake (Q1: 0·34 (se 0·02), Q2: 0·36 (se 0·01), Q3: 0·40 (se 0·01), and Q4: 0·39 (se 0·02), P = 0·02); however, this association disappeared after considering markers of endothelial function, indicating that this relation might be mediated through endothelial dysfunction. After controlling for all potential confounders, Mg intake was inversely, but not significantly, associated with serum concentrations of sICAM (Q1: 239 (se 17), Q2: 214 (se 12), Q3: 196 (se 12), and Q4: 195 (se 17), P = 0·29). There was no other significant association between dietary Mg intake and other indicators of glucose homoeostasis or endothelial markers. Conclusions: Higher dietary Mg intake was associated with better insulin sensitivity in Iranian females. This linkage was mediated through reduced endothelial dysfunction.

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