scholarly journals Power Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Shoe For External Power Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saffri Mazalan ◽  
Roslina Mohamad ◽  
Murizah Kassim ◽  
Shahrani Shahbudin
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Power Harvesting ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Disc Material ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
External Power ◽  
Power Storage ◽  
Piezoelectric Disc

<p>The demands for portable energy source have increased because most portable electronic device needs the extra energy throughout the day due to the user’s increase in power consumption. Hence, a piezoelectric power harvesting shoe circuit with storage mechanism capabilities is designed by using piezoelectric disc material, 1N4007 bridge rectifiers, USB cables, and an external power storage. Piezoelectric disc material of 27mm and 35 mm in size that produces AC voltage when applied pressure is embedded in shoe’ insole and the output AC voltage is converted using a bridge rectifier for each material. The output is connected to a USB cable and can be connected to the external power storage during power harvesting. Different sizes of piezoelectric disc produce different amount of voltage and are also affected by the pressure applied to it. An amount of 5V is the requirements needed to charge an external device. The 27mm disc produces a voltage of 3V to 5V depending on the pressure applied while the 35mm disc produces 4V to 6.2V. Piezoelectric disc material is an alternative way to harvest energy when embedded to a shoe with an added storage capability as it solves the problem of needing the extra energy for electronic devices.</p>

scholarly journals Performance Study of Split Ferrite Cores Designed for EMI Suppression on Cables

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Adrian Suarez ◽  
Jorge Victoria ◽  
Jose Torres ◽  
Pedro A. Martinez ◽  
Antonio Alcarria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
External Power ◽  
Cable Assembly ◽  
Wired Communication

The ideal procedure to start designing an electronic device is to consider the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) from the beginning. Even so, EMC problems can appear afterward, especially when the designed system is interconnected with external devices. Thereby, electromagnetic interferences (EMIs) could be transmitted to our device from power cables that interconnect it with an external power source or are connected to another system to establish wired communication. The application of an EMI suppressor such as a sleeve core that encircles the cables is a widely used technique to attenuate EM disturbances. This contribution is focused on the characterization of a variation of this cable filtering solution based on openable core clamp or snap ferrites. This component is manufactured by two split parts pressed together by a snap-on mechanism which turns this into a quick, easy to install solution for reducing post-cable assembly EMI problems. The performance of three different materials, including two polycrystalline (MnZn and NiZn) materials and nanocrystalline (NC) solution, are analyzed in terms of effectiveness when the solid sleeve cores are split. The possibility of splitting an NC core implies an innovative technique due to the brittleness of this material. Thus, the results obtained from this research make it possible to evaluate this sample’s effectiveness compared to the polycrystalline ones. This characterization is carried out by the introduction of different gaps between the different split-cores and analyzing their behavior in terms of relative permeability and impedance. The results obtained experimentally are corroborated with the results obtained by a finite element method (FEM) simulation model with the aim of determining the performance of each material when it is used as an openable core clamp.

scholarly journals Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review of Recent Advances

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Parnia Forouzandeh ◽  
Vignesh Kumaravel ◽  
Suresh C. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitors ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Redox Active

The advanced electrochemical properties, such as high energy density, fast charge–discharge rates, excellent cyclic stability, and specific capacitance, make supercapacitor a fascinating electronic device. During recent decades, a significant amount of research has been dedicated to enhancing the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors through the development of novel electrode materials. In addition to highlighting the charge storage mechanism of the three main categories of supercapacitors, including the electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and the hybrid supercapacitors, this review describes the insights of the recent electrode materials (including, carbon-based materials, metal oxide/hydroxide-based materials, and conducting polymer-based materials, 2D materials). The nanocomposites offer larger SSA, shorter ion/electron diffusion paths, thus improving the specific capacitance of supercapacitors (SCs). Besides, the incorporation of the redox-active small molecules and bio-derived functional groups displayed a significant effect on the electrochemical properties of electrode materials. These advanced properties provide a vast range of potential for the electrode materials to be utilized in different applications such as in wearable/portable/electronic devices such as all-solid-state supercapacitors, transparent/flexible supercapacitors, and asymmetric hybrid supercapacitors.

Portable Pneumatic Power-Harvesting Ankle-Foot-Orthosis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Chin ◽  
Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler ◽  
Eric Loth ◽  
Andrew Alleyne ◽  
Scott Manwaring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Source ◽  
Power Harvesting ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Cam Follower ◽  
External Power ◽  
Pneumatic Power ◽  
Foot Orthosis

In this paper, we present a novel ankle-foot-orthosis (AFO) design that controls ankle motion by providing a plantarflexion stop with free dorsiflexion during gait. The biomechanical controls are accomplished with a unique application of a cam-follower design that uses pneumatic power harvested via an air bellow embedded into the insole of the AFO (Figure 1). This portable design is self-contained and does not require any external power source to provide for the plantarflexion stop locking mechanism. It is the first step in a series of untethered fluid-powered orthotic devices.

scholarly journals Resonant Rectifier ICs for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Using Low-voltage Drop Diode Equivalents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amad Ud Din ◽  
Seneke Chamith Chandrathna ◽  
Jong-Wook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
External Power

Herein, we present the design technique of a resonant rectifier for piezoelectric (PE) energy harvesting. We propose two diode equivalents to reduce the voltage drop in the rectifier operation, a minuscule-drop-diode equivalent (MDDE) and a low-drop-diode equivalent (LDDE). The diode equivalents are embedded in resonant rectifier integrated circuits (ICs), which use symmetric bias-flip to reduce the power wasted for charging and discharging the internal capacitance of a PE transducer. The self-startup function is supported by synchronously generating control pulses for the bias-flip from the PE transducer. Two resonant rectifier ICs, using both MDDE and LDDE, are fabricated in a 0.18 &mu;m CMOS process and their performances are characterized under external and self-power conditions. Under the external-power condition, the rectifier using LDDE delivers an output power POUT of 564 &mu;W and a rectifier output voltage VRECT of 3.36 V with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 90.1%. Under self-power conditions, the rectifier using MDDE delivers a POUT of 288 &mu;W and a VRECT of 2.4 V with a corresponding PCE of 74.6%. The result shows that the power extraction capability of the proposed rectifier is 5.9 and 3.0 times higher than that of a conventional full-bridge rectifier.

The Role of Rechargeable Systems in Neuromodulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Eldridge ◽  
Brian Simpson ◽  
James Gilbart ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Pulse Generators ◽  
Repeated Surgery ◽  
External Power ◽  
Varied System

Neuromodulation is an effective treatment for many types of neuropathic pain but a significant limitation of any neuromodulating system is that electrical power must be conveyed in a reliable and sterile way to an implanted electronic device and transmitted to its associated electrodes. In recent decades radio-frequency-coupled devices and internal pulse generators have been developed. These were significant advances but were limited either by the need for bulky external power sources or the need for surgery at intervals to replace the internal system battery. More recently, rechargeable neuromodulatory systems have become available. These considerably improve patient convenience and mobility. After surgical implantation, the system can be charged from an antenna placed at the skin surface, avoiding the need for repeated surgery, external equipment or wires penetrating the skin. Charging can be completed within a few hours and can last for up to one month, depending on use. Battery life is up to 25 years, depending on the manufacturer. Varied system programmability and availability of high power output make rechargeable systems applicable to a range of different neurological conditions and will make these systems a valuable approach to controlling chronic neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Reduction of power consumption during arc welding operation

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Liudmila Sakhno ◽  
Olga Sakhno ◽  
Vitaliy Boronin ◽  
Elena Kochetkova ◽  
Chen Hao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Welding Equipment ◽  
Assembly Shop ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Bridge Rectifier

The work is devoted to energy saving during arc manual welding operations. Power sources for arc manual welding are rectifiers with slow or steeply falling current-voltage characteristics. The paper considers two ways of energy saving during arc welding operations. The first way is to increase the efficiency of welding by replacing the ballast rheostat with a special electronic device that regulates the welding current instead of the ballast rheostat. The second way is to increase the efficiency of the welding equipment by replacing a traditional one-bridge rectifier with the two-bridge economical rectifier. An approximate calculation of the annual economic effect from the replacement of a ballast rheostat by the electronic regulating device is given on the example of welding operations in a typical assembly shop.

scholarly journals Rapid and Localized Soldering Using Reactive Films for Electronic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Rabih Khazaka ◽  
Donatien Martineau ◽  
Toni Youssef ◽  
Thanh Long Le ◽  
Stéphane Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Solder Reflow ◽  
External Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Joint Quality

Abstract The rapid and localized heating techniques allow the joining of temperature-sensitive materials and components without thermal induced damage commonly encountered when high-temperature solder reflow processes are used. This is also advantageous for making assemblies with materials having a large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion without induced bowing or cracking. The use of exothermic reactive foil sandwiched between solder preforms is a promising local and rapid soldering process because it does not require any external heat source. The reactive foil is formed from alternatively stacked nanolayers of Ni and Al until it reaches the total film thickness. Once the film is activated by using an external power source, a reaction takes place and releases such an amount of energy that is transferred to the solder preforms. If this amount of energy is high enough, solder preforms melt and insure the adhesion between the materials of the assembly. The influences of the applied pressure, the reactive film (RF) thickness as well as the solder, and the attached materials chemical composition and thickness were investigated. It was shown that the applied pressure during the process has a strong effect on the joint initial quality with voids ratio decreases from 64% to 26% for pressure values between .5 and 100 kPa, respectively. This can be explained by the improvement of the solder flow under higher pressure leading to a better surface wettability and voids elimination. Otherwise, the joint quality was found to be improved once the solder melting duration is increased. This relationship was observed when the thickness of the reactive foil is increased (additional induced energy) or the thickness of solders, Cu, and/or Si is decreased (less energy consumption). The microstructure of the AuSn joint achieved using the RFs shows very fine phase distribution compared with the one obtained using conventional solder reflow process in the oven because of high cooling rate. The mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated using shear tests performed on 350-μm-thick silicon diodes assembled on active metal brazed substrates under a pressure of 100 kPa. The RFs were 60 μm thick and sandwiched between two 25-μm-thick 96.5Sn3Ag.5Cu (SAC) preforms. The voids ratio was about 37% for the tested samples and shear strength values above 9.5 MPa were achieved which remains largely higher than MIL-STD-883H requirements. Finally, the process impact on the electrical properties of the assembled diodes was compared with a commonly used solder reflow assembly and the results show a negligible variation.

scholarly journals Flexible Wireless Passive LC Pressure Sensor with Design Methodology and Cost-Effective Preparation

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Zhuqi Sun ◽  
Haoyu Fang ◽  
Baochun Xu ◽  
Lina Yang ◽  
Haoran Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Capacitive Pressure Sensor ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Physical Motion ◽  
Readout Device ◽  
Wearable Electronic Device

Continuous monitoring of physical motion, which can be successfully achieved via a wireless flexible wearable electronic device, is essential for people to ensure the appropriate level of exercise. Currently, most of the flexible LC pressure sensors have low sensitivity because of the high Young’s modulus of the dielectric properties (such as PDMS) and the inflexible polymer films (as the substrate of the sensors), which don’t have excellent stretchability to conform to arbitrarily curved and moving surfaces such as joints. In the LC sensing system, the metal rings, as the traditional readout device, are difficult to meet the needs of the portable readout device for the integrated and planar readout antenna. In order to improve the pressure sensitivity of the sensor, the Ecoflex microcolumn used as the dielectric of the capacitive pressure sensor was prepared by using a metal mold copying method. The Ecoflex elastomer substrates enhanced the levels of conformability, which offered improved capabilities to establish intimate contact with the curved and moving surfaces of the skin. The pressure was applied to the sensor by weights, and the resonance frequency curves of the sensor under different pressures were obtained by the readout device connected to the vector network analyzer. The experimental results show that resonant frequency decreases linearly with the increase of applied pressure in a range of 0–23,760 Pa with a high sensitivity of −2.2 MHz/KPa. We designed a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna used to read the information of the LC sensor, which has the potential to be integrated with RF signal processing circuits as a portable readout device and a higher vertical readout distance (up to 4 cm) than the copper ring. The flexible LC pressure sensor can be attached to the skin conformally and is sensitive to limb bending and facial muscle movements. Therefore, it has the potential to be integrated as a body sensor network that can be used to monitor physical motion.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of power electronics components for operation in harsh environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Stosur ◽  
Kacper Sowa ◽  
Wojciech Piasecki ◽  
Robert Płatek ◽  
Przemysław Balcerek
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Electronics ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Power Modules ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
External Power

Abstract This paper reports on analyses and testing of sensitive power electronics components encapsulation concept, enabling operation in harsh, especially high pressure environments. The paper describes development of the concept of epoxy modules that can be used for protecting of the power electronics components against harsh environmental conditions. It covers modeling of the protective capsules using a simple analytical approach and Finite Element Method (FEM) models and validation of the developed models with the high pressure tests on samples fabricated. The analyses covered two types of the epoxy modules: of sphere- and elongated- shape, both with electrical penetrators that enable electrical connection of the encapsulated components with external power sources as well as other power modules and components. The tests were conducted in a pressure chamber, with a maximum applied pressure of 310 bars, for which online strain measurements have been conducted. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results obtained with analytical and FEM models, providing validation of the models employed. The experimental part of this work was conducted in collaboration with Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia.

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