scholarly journals Evaluation on the Legal Trade of Tokay gecko (Lacertidae; Gekkonidae; Gekko gecko Linnaeus, 1758) in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Nia Kurniawan ◽  
◽  
Amir Hamidy ◽  
Ari Ardiantoro ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Source Code ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Gekko Gecko ◽  
Wild Harvest ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tokay Gecko ◽  
Government Records ◽  
High Level

Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) is a large-sized gecko from the genus of Gekko, which is most commonly found from South Asia, southern China, and Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, these species are common to inhabit human-modified habitat in Sumatera, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, and Moluccas. In recent years, the demand for Tokay gekko with high use-value in both national and international markets has increased, one of which is used for traditional medicine. This situation raised the concern on the decreasing of the wild population and the validity of captive breeding programs that produced a large number of individuals. Several reports had estimated millions of individuals have been exported from Indonesia either legally or illegally, however, the exact number never been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the trend on the harvested Tokay gecko and its origin based on the source code information. The data were collected from government records, including specimens harvested from the wild and specimens produced from captivity during 2013 - 2018 (six years). The results showed that the legally exported specimens were sourced from wild (W) and captive breeding (C or F). The total numbers of individuals exported from the wild harvest are 97.146, and all export realization is below the wild harvest quota. However, there are the large numbers of individuals exported and declared as specimens produced from the captive breeding facilities (6.965.000 with source code F, and 1.236.000 with source code C). More importantly, the high level of specimens produced from captive breeding facilities is unlikely to match with the biological capacity of this species. Therefore, we predict that specimens labeled captive breeding were likely sourced from the wild.

scholarly journals First record of tail bifurcation in Tokey Gecko (Gekko gecko) from the Kaziranga, Assam, India : a field observation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Manoj Gogoi ◽  
◽  
Sumanta Kundu ◽  
Jadumoni Goswami ◽  
Dibyajyoti Saikia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
First Record ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Gekko Gecko ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Tokay Gecko

The Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) is the second largest surviving Gecko species and are distributed across much of South-East Asia, Southern China and Northeastern India and Nepal. In Kaziranga landscape Tokay Gecko are fairly common and frequently seen around households in rural area. Though tail bifurcation is common in lizards but till date no recorded specimen of Tokey Gecko with bifurcated tail had been reported from Kaziranga Landscape.

Negotiations over Accounting Issues: The Congruency of Audit Partner and Chief Financial Officer Recalls

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (s-1) ◽  
pp. 171-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gibbins ◽  
Susan A. McCracken ◽  
Steven E. Salterio
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Chief Financial Officers ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Two Sides

Much of what takes place in auditor-client management negotiations occurs in unobservable settings and normally does not result in publicly available archival records. Recent research has increasingly attempted to probe issues relating to accounting negotiations in part due to recent events in the financial world. In this paper, we compare recalls from the two sides of such negotiations, audit partners, and chief financial officers (CFOs), collected in two field questionnaires. We examine the congruency of the auditors' and the CFOs' negotiation recalls for all negotiation elements and features that were common across the two questionnaires (detailed analyses of the questionnaires are reported elsewhere). The results show largely congruent recall: only limited divergences in recall of common elements and features. Specifically, we show a high level of congruency across CFOs and audit partners in the type of issues negotiated, parties involved in resolving the issue, and the elements making up the negotiation process, including agreement on the relative importance of various common accounting contextual features. The analysis of the common accounting contextual features suggests that certain contextual features are consistently important across large numbers of negotiations, whether viewed from the audit partner's or the CFO's perspective, and hence may warrant future study. Finally, the comparative analysis allows us to identify certain common elements and contextual features that may influence both audit partners and CFOs to consider the accounting negotiation setting as mainly distributive (win-lose).

Heritability of the Effect of Corticosteroids on Intraocular Pressure

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. Reuling ◽  
J.T. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Steroid Response ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Allele Pair ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetically Determined

In the late 1950's and early 1960's, it became evident that some glaucoma patients developed elevations of intraocular pressure, which were difficult to control, following prolonged use of systemic or ocular medications containing corticosteroids (Chandler, 1955, Alfano, 1963; Armaly, 1963). In addition, some patients without glaucoma, when treated with steroids for long periods of time, developed clinical signs of chronic simple glaucoma (McLean, 1950; François, 1954; Covell, 1958; Linner, 1959; Goldman, 1962). Fortunately, the elevation of intraocular pressure was reversible if the drug was discontinued.Over the past decade, extensive investigation of the “steroid response” has been undertaken. For this presentation, the steroid response may be considered as a gradual elevation of intraocular pressure, occurring over several weeks, in an eye being medicated with corticosteroid drops several times a day. The elevation in pressure is usually accompanied by a reduction in the facility of aqueous outflow. When relatively large numbers of subjects were tested with topical steroids, so that a wide range of responsiveness could be observed, a variation in individual sensitivity was demonstrated. Frequency distributions of intraocular pressure or change in pressure following steroids showed a skew toward the high side. On the basis of trimodal characteristics which they observed in such frequency distributions, Becker and Hahn (1964), Becker (1965) and Armaly (1965, 1966) considered the possible existence of several genetically determined subpopulations. These investigators distinguished three subpopulations on the basis of low, intermediate, and high levels of pressure response. It was hypothesized that these levels of response characterized three phenotypes, corresponding to the three possible genotypes of an allele pair, wherein one member of the pair determined a low level of response, and the other member determined a high level of response (Armaly, 1967).

Development and Achievements of SSM Processes for High Performance Components

2016 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Rosso ◽  
Ildiko Peter ◽  
Ivano Gattelli
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Front Suspension ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
High Level

During the last decades under the enthusiastic and competent guidance of Mr Chiarmetta SSM processes attained in Italy at Stampal Spa (Torino) an unquestionable high level of industrial development with the production of large numbers of high performance automotive parts, like variety of suspension support, engine suspension mounts, steering knuckle, front suspension wheel, arm and rear axle. Among the most highlighted findings SSM processes demonstrated their capability to reduce the existing gap between casting and forging, moreover during such a processes there are the opportunity to better control the defect level.Purpose of this paper is to highlight the research work and the SSM industrial production attained and developed by Mr G.L. Chiarmetta, as well as to give an overview concerning some alternative methods for the production of enhanced performance light alloys components for critical industrial applications and to present an analysis of a new rheocasting process suitable for the manufacturing of high performance industrial components.

Genetic Structure and Diversity among Species of Salacia: An Endangered Medicinal Herb of Western Ghats, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar G Patil ◽  
Sheetal Ganapati Kamat ◽  
R Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Salacia is one of the medicinally valuable genus, distributed throughout tropical areas which include India, Sri Lanka, Southern China and other Southern Asian Countries. The genus Salacia is represented by 21 species in India, among them eight species are recorded from the state of Karnataka in the Southern part of India. Despite its pharmaceutical importance, very little information exists about the genetic diversity of Salacia at molecular level. Hence the present study was carried out to evaluate the genetic among six species of Salacia namely S. chinensis, S. malabarica, S. oblonga, S. macrosperma, S. reticulata and S. gambleana with the help of ISSR marker analysis. Dendrogram and genetic distance were generated adopting Unweighted Paired Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) in the NTSYS-pc software. Basic genetic parameters were calculated by analysing the genetic data with Pop gene 1.32 and GenAlEx 6.2 software. The overall polymorphism across the ten primers screened revealed 26 % polymorphism. A 60% polymorphism was scored for the primer UBC 841, whereas, no polymorphism was observed for primer UBC 840 and ISSR 6. The average observed heterozygosity was more than expected heterozygosity. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.15 (UBC 841) to 0.38 (ISSR 6) with an average of 0.25, whereas expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.10 (UBC 843) to 0.35 (ISSR 6) with an average of 0.23 for Salacia species. The higher heterozygosity pointed towards increased genetic diversity amongst the species. ISSR marker analysis showed high level of inter and intra population genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals Vargas: heuristic-free alignment for assessing linear and graph read aligners

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Darby ◽  
Ravi Gaddipati ◽  
Michael C. Schatz ◽  
Ben Langmead
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Alignment Accuracy ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Command Line ◽  
Scoring Functions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Optimal Alignments

AbstractRead alignment is central to many aspects of modern genomics. Most aligners use heuristics to accelerate processing, but these heuristics can fail to find the optimal alignments of reads. Alignment accuracy is typically measured through simulated reads; however, the simulated location may not be the (only) location with the optimal alignment score. Vargas implements a heuristic-free algorithm guaranteed to find the highest-scoring alignment for real sequencing reads to a linear or graph genome. With semiglobal and local alignment modes and affine gap and quality-scaled mismatch penalties, it can implement the scoring functions of commonly used aligners to calculate optimal alignments. While this is computationally intensive, Vargas uses multi-core parallelization and vectorized (SIMD) instructions to make it practical to optimally align large numbers of reads, achieving a maximum speed of 456 billion cell updates per second. We demonstrate how these “gold standard” Vargas alignments can be used to improve heuristic alignment accuracy by optimizing command-line parameters in Bowtie 2, BWA-MEM, and vg to align more reads correctly. Source code implemented in C++ and compiled binary releases are available at https://github.com/langmead-lab/vargas under the MIT license.

scholarly journals Sequence Braiding: Visual Overviews of Temporal Event Sequences and Attributes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Sheng ◽  
Cody Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Sentinel Events ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Temporal Event Sequences

Temporal event sequence alignment has been used in many domains to visualize nuanced changes and interactions over time. Existing approaches align one or two sentinel events. Overview tasks require examining all alignments of interest using interaction and time or juxtaposition of many visualizations. Furthermore, any event attribute overviews are not closely tied to sequence visualizations. We present SEQUENCE BRAIDING, a novel overview visualization for temporal event sequences and attributes using a layered directed acyclic network.SEQUENCE BRAIDING visually aligns many temporal events and attribute groups simultaneously and supports arbitrary ordering, absence, and duplication of events. In a controlled experiment we compare SEQUENCE BRAIDING and IDMVis on user task completion time, correctness, error, and confidence. Our results provide good evidence that users of SEQUENCE BRAIDING can understand high-level patterns and trends faster and with similar error. A full version of this paper with all appendices;the evaluation stimuli, data, and analysis code; and source code are available at osf.io/s92bu.

Playing for the Big Time: Musicians, Concerts, and Reputation-Building in Cincinnati, 1872–82

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-165
Author(s):  
Karen Ahlquist
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Significant Achievement ◽  
Western Art Music ◽  
High Level

Like many midwestern cities in the nineteenth century, Cincinnati, Ohio, was home to large numbers of German immigrant musicians, among them the founders of the Cincinnati Grand Orchestra in 1872. Their model of musician-based organization eventually ran counter to the prestige-building potential of Western art music, which made it attractive to local civic leaders determined to earn respect for their city at a national level. The successful Cincinnati May festivals beginning in 1873 under the artistic leadership of conductor Theodore Thomas brought the city the desired renown. But the musical monumentality needed for large festival performances could not be obtained locally, leaving Cincinnati's players with opportunities to perform at a high level but without a way to define their performance as a significant achievement in the world of high art. Although their orchestra was ultimately unsuccessful, however, these musicians demonstrated an agency that transcends their historical obscurity and helps incorporate aesthetic and practical aspects of institution-building into the social arguments common to discussions of Western art music in the United States.

Key Concepts and Definitions of Open Source Communities

2010 ◽  
pp. 753-760
Author(s):  
Ruben van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Sebastian Spaeth
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Open Source Communities ◽  
Do So

Most open source software is developed in online communities. These communities are typically referred to as “open source software communities” or “OSS communities.” In OSS communities, the source code, which is the human-readable part of software, is treated as something that is open and that should be downloadable and modifiable to anyone who wishes to do so. The availability of the source code has enabled a practice of decentralized software development in which large numbers of people contribute time and effort. Communities like Linux and Apache, for instance, have been able to connect thousands of individual programmers and professional organizations (although most project communities remain relatively small). These people and organizations are not confined to certain geographical places; on the contrary, they come from literally all continents and they interact and collaborate virtually.

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