scholarly journals Influence of iodine on the indicators of lipid profile of rats’ blood of different age in experimental obesity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Kopchak ◽  
О. S. Pokotylo ◽  
M. D. Kuhtyn ◽  
M. I. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
White Male ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Inorganic Iodine

Introduction. Today, obesity is an extremely common phenomenon that negatively affects on the functional state of the organism, metabolism, and this in turn leads to the increase of a number of diseases. The thyroid gland has a significant effect on lipid metabolism, and especially negative in the case of iodine deficiency in the diet, which leads to hypothyroidism. Comparative study of the effect of various iodine-derived lipid metabolism in obesity is perspective.The aim of the study – to investigate the comparative affect of biologically active iodine in the composition of “Jodis-Concentrate” and inorganic iodine (J-C) as a part of “Iodomarine” on the indicators of lipid metabolism in blood of white male rats with experimental alimentary obesity.Research Methods. The object of the study was the blood serum of white rats, and the subject – separate indicators of lipid metabolism in it. The study was conducted on 48 white male rats. Animals were divided into 3 age groups of 16 animals in each: 1st group – 1.5 months; 2nd – 2.5 months; 3rd – 5th month. In each age group there were 4 subgroups of 4 animals: 1st – control, had a typical diet; 2nd, 3rd and 4th subgroup were with experimental alimentary obesity (EAO), which was formed through the inductor food craving – the sodium salt of glutamic acid in a ratio of 0.6 : 100.0 and high-calorie diet that included standard meals (47 %), sweet condensed milk (44 %), corn oil (8 %) and vegetable starch (1 %). Daily for 45 days, animals of the 3rd subgroup received biologically active iodine in the composition of “Jodis-Concentrate” (J-C) as of 0.1 ml (0.4 mcg of iodine) per kg of body weight a day and 4th subgroup were intragastric administered in the form of inorganic iodine as potassium iodide in medicine “Iodomarin” (IM) as of 0.4 mcg of potassium iodide per kg of body weight a day. In the serum blood, the content of total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein were determined.Results and Discussion. The obtained results suggest that with the help of biologically active iodine in the composition of “Jodis-Concentrate” there was a significant decrease of the content of common lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein in blood serum of males with different age than with “Iodomarin”.Conclusions. Given the effective results of the study of the hypolipidemic effect of J-C it is advisable to use it as a preventive and therapeutic agent for reducing the content of common lipids of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoproteins in the blood.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of Gangaria de flush herbal mixture in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 066-071
Author(s):  
Babafemi Tosin Ogunbiyi ◽  
Gogonte Hezekiah Amah ◽  
Laide Omoyiola Olajide ◽  
Olubunmi Esther Ogunbiyi ◽  
Oluwafunmilola Christiana Adetunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multifarious metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that requires non-stop treatment with multiple factors that will reduce the risk of long-term complications and drug side effects. Streptozotocin is well known for its selective pancreatic islet β-cell cytotoxicity used to induce diabetes mellitus in animals. It also interferes with cellular metabolic oxidative mechanisms. Phytomedicine has been in existence since the primitive age and has proven to be effective in treating this condition. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Gangaria de flush (Gdf) herbal mixture on lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ) (60mg/kg) induced diabetic rat. The diabetic rats were treated with Gangaria de flush (0.3ml/kg body weight) and Glibenclamide (5mg/kg body weight) for 7days. The effects of both Gangaria de flush herbal mixture and glibenclamide were analyzed. Gangaria de flush showed a reduction in the lipid profile with a significant percentage reduction of 45.9% for the total cholesterol, 65.7% for the total triglyceride, 63.5% for the low-density lipoprotein, 65.8% for the very low-density lipoprotein as against the negative control and a 7.6% significant increase in the high density lipoprotein. Gangaria de flush showed a significant (p<0.05) positive effect on the lipid profile. Hence, it can be suggested that Gangaria de flush herbal mixture has a significant effect in maintaining the lipid level.

Physiological and Histological Study to the Effects of Monosodium Glutamate in Laboratory male Rats and the protective role of vitamin E

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genan Musheer Ghaib AL-Khatawi ◽  
Mohammed R S AL-Attabi ◽  
Ali Fayadh Bargooth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The current study was conducted at the Department of Biology, College of Science, Wasit University to investigate physiological and histological effect monosodium glutamate in laboratory male rats, preventive role of vitamin E. This study was carried out in Laboratories of College of Science, Wasit University, AL- Shaheed Dr. Fairooz Hospitals, from November 2017 to April 2018.The study included twenty-four and divided into four groups (six rats per group). the first group severe as a control group orally dosed with distilled water, and treated the second group (100 mg/kg b.w. Monosodium glutamate for 30 days, and the third group were dosed orally 200 mg/kg of b.w. for 30 days, either The fourth group were dosed with a mixture of Monosodium glutamate 200mg/kg and vitamin E 100 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. after the trial period has been sacrificing animals for testing and chemical standards physiological and histological. As are result of by exposure to Monosodium glutamate in blood serum are negatively biochemical whole height of the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Low-density lipoprotein, very- low density lipoprotein, liver enzymes, AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine level, urea serum, further more we noticed a decrease in high density lipoprotein. The preventive treatment resulted in vitamin E 100mg/kg b.w. with Monosodium glutamate 200 mg/kg b.w. (p≤ 0.05) in body weight and relative weights of organs (liver and kidney). We noticed a higher moral when treatment with vitamin E with Monosodium glutamate 100 mg/kg in high- density lipoprotein, while serum cholesterol level decrease, triglycerides, Low-density lipoprotein, very- low density lipoprotein. And liver and kidney functions have improved by low Enzyme AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine and urea serum level. Histological examination revealed that the liver and kidneys, of rats exposed 100, 200 mg/kg of Monosodium glutamate has been adversely affected by exposure to Monosodium glutamate. Whereas, the histological of the liver of animals treated with vitamin E with Monosodium glutamate natural pictures showed improvement. These results demonstrate that MSG toxic effects on the liver and kidney tissue. The more toxic than salt rate too. The study recommends to avoid using MSG as food additives and food for animals because of the toxic effects of this salt.

scholarly journals Effects of an Indoor Cycling Program on Cardiometabolic Factors in Women with Obesity vs. Normal Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8718
Author(s):  
Marzena Ratajczak ◽  
Damian Skrypnik ◽  
Piotr Krutki ◽  
Joanna Karolkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Normal Body Weight

The study aimed to provide evidence on the impact of indoor cycling (IC) in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. The study compares the effects of a 3 month IC program involving three 55 min sessions per week on women aged 40–60 years, with obesity (OW, n = 18) vs. women with normal body weight (NW, n = 8). At baseline and at the end of the study, anthropometric parameters, oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), and serum parameters: glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), insulin, human anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibody (OLAb), total blood antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) were determined. Before the intervention, VO2 peak and HDL-C levels were significantly lower and levels of TG, LAP, insulin, HOMA-IR, and CRP were significantly higher in the OW group compared to those in the NW group. After the intervention, only the OW group saw a decrease in body mass, total cholesterol, OLAb, TBARS, and CRP concentration and an increase in total body skeletal muscle mass and HDL-C concentration. In response to the IC training, measured indicators in the OW group were seen to approach the recommended values, but all between-group differences remained significant. Our results demonstrate that IC shows promise for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, especially dyslipidemia. After 12 weeks of regular IC, the metabolic function of the OW group adapted in many aspects to be more like that of the NW group.

scholarly journals In vitro study of the effect of raloxifene on lipid metabolism compared with tamoxifen

2000 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hozumi ◽  
M Kawano ◽  
VC Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tamoxifen Treatment ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Intracellular Concentrations

OBJECTIVE: Tamoxifen and raloxifene, selective estrogen receptor modulators, decrease serum concentrations of total cholesterol; however, the effect of these drugs on triglyceride metabolism is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effect of raloxifene on lipid metabolism and compared it with that of tamoxifen. DESIGN AND METHODS: Intracellular concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in HepG2 cells were measured by an enzymatic method after tamoxifen or raloxifene treatment with or without oleic acid and with or without very low density lipoprotein. RESULTS: Intracellular concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride without oleic acid or very low density lipoprotein were not significantly different after treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene. In contrast, although raloxifene with oleic acid did not increase the intracellular concentrations of triglyceride, tamoxifen treatment in the presence of oleic acid or very low density lipoprotein significantly increased (P<0.05) the triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that raloxifene does not increase intracellular triglyceride in the presence of oleic acid or very low density lipoprotein, in contrast to tamoxifen. Therefore, raloxifene might be safer than tamoxifen for treating patients with unstable triglyceride levels or a history of hypertriglyceridemia.

scholarly journals Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) in the Adult Horse: Correlations with Body Weight, Rectal Temperature and Lipid Profile

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Maria Francesca Panzera ◽  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Total Lipids

This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile in the horse. Thirty clinically healthy Italian Saddle geldings (6–10 years old) were enrolled after the informed owners’ consent. All horses were blood sampled and their body weight and rectal temperatures were recorded. On the sera obtained after blood centrifugation the concentration of UCP1, total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoprotein fraction (VLDLs) was evaluated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to assess the possible relationship between serum UCP1 concentration and the values of body weight, rectal temperature and lipid parameters. Serum UCP1 concentration showed no correlation with body weight, rectal temperature, HDLs and LDLs values, whereas it correlated negatively with serum total lipids, phospholipids, NEFAs, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDLs values (p < 0.0001). The findings suggest that in the adult horse the role of UCP1 is linked to the lipid metabolism rather than to thermoregulation.

scholarly journals Association of apoE gene polymorphisms with lipid metabolism in renal diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1368-1381
Author(s):  
Tianbiao Zhou ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Hongzhen Zhong ◽  
Zhiqing Zhong ◽  
Shujun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apoe Gene ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

Background and Objectives: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a central role in the metabolism and homeostasis of lipids. ApoE gene encodes three major isoforms: ε2, ε3 and ε4 forming six phenotypes: Ε2Ε2, Ε2Ε3, Ε2Ε4, Ε3Ε3, Ε3Ε3 and Ε4Ε4 . Disorders of the lipid metabolism and the homeostasis are frequently coexist in renal diseases. The association be- tween gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism were not consistent. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism in renal diseases. Methods: A pre-defined literatures search and selection of eligible relevant investigations were performed to extract and collect data from electronic databases. Results: Sixteen articles were enrolled for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphisms and lipid metab- olism. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher total cholesterol (TC) than those with E3E3, and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, ε3 had a lower TC than those with ε2, ε3 or ε4 , and subjects with ε4 had a higher TC than those with ε2, ε3 . Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 or E4E4 had a higher triglyceride (TG) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε4 had a higher TG than those with ε2, ε3 . Subjects with ε2, ε3 had a higher level of TG than those with non-ε2, ε3 . Subjects with E3E4 had a slightly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than those with E3E3. E3E4 appeared to be associated with lower levels of HDL. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 had a notably lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, ε3 had a lower LDL than those with ε2, ε3 or ε4 ApoE gene polymorphisms were not associated with very low-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Subjects with E2E3 or E2E4 had higher apoE levels than those with E3E3, and subjects with E4E4 had lower apoE levels than those with E3E3. Conclusion: ApoE gene polymorphisms are associated with the expression of TC, TG HDL, LDL, Lp(a) or apoE. Keywords: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ; gene polymorphism; total cholesterol (TC) ;triglyceride (TG), high-density lipopro- tein (HDL); low-density lipoprotein (LDL); very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] • Meta-analysis

Effect of Turmeric and Ginger on Lipid Profile in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.

Effect of Honey & Olive Oil Supplemented Bio-Yoghurt Feeding on Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose and Hematological Parameters in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Magdy M. Ismail ◽  
El-Tahra M. Ammar ◽  
Abd El-Wahab E. Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Z. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background and Objective: Yoghurt, especially bio-yoghurt has long been recognized as a product with many health benefits for consumers. Also, honey and olive oil have considerable nutritional and health effects. So, the effect of administration of yoghurt made using ABT culture and fortified with honey (2 and 6%), olive oil (1 and 4%) or honey + olive oil (2+1 and 6+4% respectively) on some biological and hematological properties of rats was investigated.Methods:The body weight gain, serum lipid level, blood glucose level, serum creatinine level, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) activity, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) activity, leukocytes and lymphocytes counts of rats were evaluated.Results:Blending of bio-yoghurt with rats&#039; diet improved body weight gain. Concentrations of Total plasma Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) significantly lowered in plasma of rats fed bio-yoghurt. Levels of TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG also decreased in rat groups feed bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil. LDL concentrations were reduced by 10.32, 18.51, 34.17, 22.48, 43.30% in plasma of rats fed classic starter yoghurt, ABT yoghurt, ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey, ABT yoghurt contained 4% olive oil and ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey + 4% olive oil respectively. The blood glucose, serum creatinine, GOT and GPT values of rats decreased while white blood cells and lymphocytes counts increased by feeding bioyoghurt contained honey and olive oil.Conclusion:The findings enhanced the multiple therapeutic effects of bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil.

Emodin alleviated hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid metabolism in zebrafish larvae fed a high-cholesterol diet via AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linfeng He ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Yafang Zhang ◽  
Chaocheng Guo ◽  
Yan Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Accumulation ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae

Abstract BackgroundEmodin (EM) is one of bioactive components extracted from Rheum palmatum L. (Dahuang), which possesses numerous pharmacological activities including hypolipidemic effect. However, the potential action of EM on hyperlipidemia (HLP) remains unclear. Here, the theraputic effect of EM against HLP were investigated.MethodsIn this study, the hypolipidemic properties of EM were evaluated using high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-stimulated zebrafish larvae model. The body weight, body length and body mass index (BMI) was measured. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected by corresponding assay kits. Tg (flil: eGFP) zebrafish were utilized to observe vascular cholesterol accumulation and Tg (mpx: eGFP) zebrafish to visualize and quantify neutrophil inflammation. The hepatic lipid deposition and hepatic histopathology were analyzed by Oil red O staining and H&E staining, respectively. Finally, the underlying mechanism of EM were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis to assess the gene levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1).ResultsOur data indicated that EM reduced obesity of zebrafish as evidenced by the decrease in body weight, body length and BMI. EM significantly reduced TC, TG, and LDL-C, and increased HDL-C contents. Moreover, it displayed a prominent inhibitory effect on blood cholesterol accumulation, hepatic lipid accumulation, and neutrophil inflammation in vascular site. Additionally, EM improved the liver function through decreasing ALT and AST levels of zebrafish with HCD-induced hepatosteatosis. Further investigation showed that EM treatment attenuated lipid accumulation via upregulating the expression of AMPKα, LDLR, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and downregulating the expression of SREBP-2, PCSK9 and HMGCR.ConclusionTo conclude, EM alleviated lipid metabolism disorder symptoms caused by HCD via modulating AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR pathway in larvae, suggesting that EM may be developed into hypolipidmic agent for treating lipid metabolism related diseases.

scholarly journals Aerobic fitness modulates the association between APOE genotypes and serum lipemia in adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Maria Fátima Glaner ◽  
Thales Boaventura Rachid Nascimento ◽  
Otávio de Tôledo Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between APOE alleles and serum lipemia in adolescents with low and adequate aerobic fitness. The sample was comprised of 105 boys and 151 girls (49% and 46% from rural area) of European ancestry, aged 11 to 17 years, and classified according to: 1) APOE genotype: group ε2 (ε2/3+ε2/2), ε3 (ε3/3), and ε4 (ε3/4+ε4/4); 2) aerobic fitness: adequate or low; 3) serum lipemia: elevated total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The results showed that aerobic fitness modulates the association between APOE alleles and serum lipemia in adolescents, suggesting that adequate aerobic fitness levels exert a greater effect of reducing TC and LDL in ε2 carriers, as well as of increasing HDL and reducing triglycerides in ε3 and ε4 carriers.

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