scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF ARGININE CONTAINING BEARBERRY LEAVES EXTRACT IN INSULIN RESISTANT RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
G. B. Kravchenko ◽  
O. A. Krasilnikova ◽  
M. Mazen
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Experimental Ir ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

  Introduction. In recent decades, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) has become one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. A number of studies confirmed the causal relationship between the development of insulin resistance (IR) and DM2. At the same time, traditionally and for many years the plants or substances isolated from them have been using in the DM2 treatment and correction of its complications. The aim of the study – to find out the effect of ethanolic polyphenol Bearberry leaves (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) extract enriched with arginine (PE50_arg) on tolerance to glucose and lipid metabolism under experimental IR in rats. Research Methods. Adult male outbred albino rats were used in the present study. Two experimental IR models were conducted: daily intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone and a diet enriched with fructose. Treating was performed by oral administration of polyphenolic alcohol extract (PE50) and the corresponding extract with the addition of arginine (PE50_arg). IR was confirmed by measuring immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and plasma glucose levels. At the end of the experiment, the lipid profile was investigated in the obtained serum samples. The statistical processing of the data was carried out using the STATISTICA program (StatSoftInc., USA, version 6.0). Results and Discussion. A diet for 7 weeks enriched with fructose caused IR in rats. Also we observed increased triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol (Ch) levels. Daily injections of dexamethasone, which maintained the hormone level for 5 weeks, led to the IR development. Under hormone-induced IR also FFA and TAG levels were elevated, but Ch concentration in blood plasma did not significantly change. Both extracts, PE50 and PE50_arg, improve cell sensitivity to insulin in experimental IR models. At the same time, PE50_arg has a more pronounced normalizing effect on the lipid parameters being investigated. Conclusions. Our results suggest that PE50_arg may be a potentially promising anti-diabetic agent.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi Decoction in Insulin Resistant Adipocytes and Its Component Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2199767
Author(s):  
Fang Fang ◽  
Wei-Bo Wen ◽  
Xue-Hua Xie ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Astragaloside Iv ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Main Components

Background: Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction (JGXZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula to treat patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study aimed to analyze the mechanism of JGXZ in adipocytes and detect the main components of the drug in rat serum. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to establish an insulin resistant (IR) adipocyte model. Lipid accumulation in adipocytes was detected by oil red O staining. After JGXZ treatment, glucose consumption, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed using the corresponding kits. ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry. In addition, Western blot was used to assess LKB1/AMPK and JNK/IRS/PI3k/AKT expressions. The main components of JGXZ in rat serum samples were detected by LC-MS/MS using a Phenomenex Luna C18 column, a mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid solution, and ESI detection. Results: JGXZ significantly decreased glucose levels and adipogenesis, accompanied by decreased IR ( P < 0.01). Besides, JGXZ markedly affected ROS, LKB1/AMPK, and JNK/IRS/PI3k/AKT levels ( P < 0.01). R1, Rg1, paeoniflorin, Rb1, astragaloside IV, and tanshinone could be significantly quantified. Conclusions: JGXZ decreased glucose and lipid synthesis, possibly via the ROS/AMPK/JNK pathway. R1, Rg1, paeoniflorin, Rb1, astragaloside IV, and tanshinone in JGXZ could play major roles in treating NAFLD, which could assist in the study of the mechanism of JGXZ in treating NAFLD.

Effects of Dihydroquercetin on Behavior of Albino Rat Offspring with Transgenerational Chemical Body Burden

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
E.A. Kapustina ◽  
L.G. Lisetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

Introduction. Lead pollution is a common environmental problem. Having no physiological functions, this toxicant has a negative polytropic impact on a body, including neurotoxic, reproductive, and transgenerational effects. The mechanism of lead toxicity is oxidative stress. Flavonoids have active antioxidant properties. They are widely represented in plant foods, are able to restore protective capabilities of cells and have chelating properties with respect to lead. One of the representatives of this group of substances is dihydroquercetin. The objective was to study the effect of dihydroquercetin on behavior of rats with hereditary chemical body burden exposed to lead at 60 mg/kg during 25 days. Materials and methods. We studied the behavior of rat offspring in an open field and established their blood lead levels by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. For statistical processing the U-Mann – Whitney test was used. Results. In the present experiment, the effect of lead on the offspring of male albino rats exposed to 60 mg/kg of lead for 25 days caused changes in the activity of animals in the open field. The severity of changes was more pronounced in animals with a hereditary chemical body burden. These animals showed a decrease in orientation and physical activity and increased anxiety. In rats with a hereditary burden, changes in behavior were detected when administering dihydroquercetin. The activity of animals demonstrated a positive dynamics: we observed a statistically significant increase in physical activity and orientation. The number and duration of behavioral acts approached control values. Conclusions. The revealed effects of lead on the offspring of albino rats with a transgenerational chemical body burden require further study to understand the mechanism of the phenomenon.

Beneficial metabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor I in patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes type A

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D Zenobi ◽  
Yvonne Glatz ◽  
Annamarie Keller ◽  
Susanne Graf ◽  
Silvia E Jaeggi-Groisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Type A ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Severe Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

Zenobi PD, Glatz Y, Keller A, Graf S, Jaeggi-Groisman SE, Riesen WF, Schoenle EJ, Froesch ER. Beneficial metabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor I in patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes type A. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:251–7. ISSN 0804–4643 Severe insulin resistance type A is due to mutations in the insulin receptor gene and is characterized by glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus, despite extreme hyperinsulinemia, virilization and acanthosis nigricans. At present, there is no therapy for this condition. Recently, we showed that glucose levels in three such patients are promptly lowered by an iv bolus of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I). In the present study, we investigated two of these rare patients again and determined fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin and lipid levels during five control, five treatment and three wash-out days while on a constant diet. Treatment consisted of 2 × 150 μg rhIGF-I/kg sc per day, which elevated total IGF-I levels 4.5-fold above the control. Fasting glucose levels (days 1–5) in the two patients were 9.6±1.3 and 9.2 ± 1.2 mmol/l, respectively, and fell to 4.4±0.4 and 5.1±0.5 mmol/l on treatment days 8–10. Fasting insulin (2950±450 and 690±125 pmol/l), C-peptide (2217±183 and 1317±235 pmol/l) and proinsulin control levels (125±35 and 66±0 pmol/l) also decreased by ~65% during rhIGH-I treatment, as did the respective postprandial levels. Lipid levels hardly changed at all. In conclusion, IGF-I appears to correct partially some metabolic sequelae of severe insulin resistance and may, hence, be used as a new therapeutic agent. E Rudolf Froesch, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland

Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Atawodi ◽  
AC Ene ◽  
DA Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

Rapid Change of Platelet Aggregability in Acute Hyperglycemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (03) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Kawano ◽  
Nobutaka Hirai ◽  
Shinzo Miyamoto ◽  
Keiji Takazoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Acute Hyperglycemia ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The One

SummaryWe examined the alteration of platelet aggregability in acute hyperglycemia during 75-gram oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Twenty subjects underwent 75-gram OGTT and venous blood samples were obtained before (0 min), 60, 120 and 180 min postload. Platelet aggregability shown as the number of small platelet aggregates was measured with a novel laser-light scattering (LS) method. Platelet aggregability increased in parallel with both glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels. The number of mean small aggregates at 60 min (12.30 ± 1.10 × 104) was significantly higher than the one at 0 min (8.32 ± 0.88 × 104, p <0.001), 120 min (10.63 ± 0.98 × 104, p <0.05) and 180 min (8.28 ± 0.84 × 104, p <0.001) (mean ± SEM). Small aggregates correlated positively with plasma glucose levels at 60 min postload (r = 0.67, p = 0.001) while not with IRI. It might be important to suppress transient hyperglycemia for preventing the onset of acute coronary syndromes that could be closely related to platelet hyperaggregability.

Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats treated with molybdate

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E344-E352 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Ozcelikay ◽  
D. J. Becker ◽  
L. N. Ongemba ◽  
A. M. Pottier ◽  
J. C. Henquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Molybdenum mimics certain insulin actions in vitro. We have investigated the effects of oral administration of Na2MoO4 (Mo) for 8 wk on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Mo decreased hyperglycemia and glucosuria by 75% and corrected the elevation of plasma nonesterified fatty acids. Tolerance to glucose loads was improved, and glycogen stores were replenished. These effects were not due to a rise of insulinemia. In liver, Mo restored the blunted mRNA and activity of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase and decreased to normal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase values. Finally, Mo totally reversed the low expression and activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in liver, but not in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, Mo exerts a marked blood glucose-lowering effect in diabetic rats by an insulin-like action. This effect results in part from a restoration of hepatic glucose metabolism and is associated with a tissue-specific correction of lipogenic enzyme gene expression, both processes being essentially mediated by reversal of impaired pretranslational regulatory mechanisms. These observations raise new therapeutic perspectives in diabetes, particularly in the insulin-resistant condition.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction precedes hypertension in diet-induced insulin resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. R788-R792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad V. G. Katakam ◽  
Michael R. Ujhelyi ◽  
Margarethe E. Hoenig ◽  
Allison Winecoff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels

The insulin-resistant (IR) syndrome may be an impetus for the development of hypertension (HTN). Unfortunately, the mechanism by which this could occur is unclear. Our laboratory and others have described impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation in IR, mildly hypertensive rats. The purpose of the current study is to determine if HTN is most likely a cause or result of impaired endothelial function. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive a fructose-rich diet for 3, 7, 10, 14, 18, or 28 days or were placed in a control group. The control group received rat chow. After diet treatment, animals were instrumented with arterial cannulas, and while awake and unrestrained, their blood pressure (BP) was measured. Subsequently, endothelium-mediated relaxation to acetylcholine was determined (in vitro) by measuring intraluminal diameter of phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric arteries (∼250 μM). Serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in all groups receiving fructose feeding compared with control, whereas there were no differences in serum glucose levels between groups. Impairment of endothelium-mediated relaxation starts by day 14 [mean percent maximal relaxation (Emax): 69 ± 10% of baseline] and becomes significant by day 18 (Emax: 52 ± 11% of baseline; P < 0.01). However, the mean BP (mmHg) does not become significantly elevated until day 28 [BP: 132 ± 1 ( day 28) vs. 116 ± 3 (control); P < 0.05]. These findings demonstrate that both IR and endothelial dysfunction occur before HTN in this model and suggest that endothelial dysfunction may be a mechanism linking insulin resistance and essential HTN.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of anti-diabetic action and pancreatic histopathology of rats treated with two alkaloidal plant extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1841-1846
Author(s):  
Bonagiri Sreedevi ◽  
Vijaya Kuchana ◽  
Shobharani S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

This study aimed to understand Strychnosnuxvomica and Holarrhena pubescens Stem bark extract action towards M3 receptor in controlling blood glucose levels. Strychnos nux vomica  and Holarrhena pubescens are both alkaloidal drugs can help in controlling Hyperglycemic level. This will be useful in the formulation of a new herbal drug molecule for treating diabetes. Chloroform and ethanolic extracts of selected alkaloidal plants were extracted using the soxhlet apparatus and obtained quotes were tested for acute toxicity studies and carried out anti-diabetic action on Wister albino rats for 21 days. Results obtained from Blood glucose levels and histopathological study of test groups are compared with blood glucose levels of standard group, and highly significant action was identified by the chloroform extract of Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens group. Moderate anti-diabetic action was observed remaining two groups of ethanolic extracts. Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens ethanolic extract groups are acting on M3 receptors and controlling Hyperglycemic levels.

scholarly journals Glucose dynamics during ozone exposure measured using radiotelemetry: Stress drivers and human concordance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres R Henriquez ◽  
Samantha J Snow ◽  
John S House ◽  
Alison A Motsinger-Reif ◽  
Cavin Ward-Caviness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Background. Stress-related neurobehavioral and metabolic disorders are associated with altered circulating adrenal-derived hormones and hyperglycemia. Temporal assessment of glucose and these hormones is critical for insights on an individuals health. Objectives. Here we use implantable-telemetry in rats to assess real-time changes in circulating glucose during and after exposure to the air pollutant ozone, and link responses to circulating neuroendocrine stress and metabolic hormones. We also proposed to compare rodent glucose and corticosterone (cortisol in humans) responses to humans exposed to ozone. Methods. First, using a cross-over design, we monitored glucose levels during single or repeated ozone exposures (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8-ppm) and non-exposure periods in male Wistar-Kyoto-rats implanted with glucose-telemeters. A second cohort of un-implanted rats was exposed to ozone (0.0, 0.4 or 0.8-ppm) for 30-min, 1-hour, 2-hour, or 4-hour with hormones measured immediately after exposure. Then we assessed glucose metabolism in sham and adrenalectomized rats with or without pharmacological interventions of adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors. Finally, we assessed glucose and cortisol in serum samples form a clinical study involving exposure of human volunteers to air or 0.3 ppm ozone. Results. Ozone (0.8-ppm) caused hyperglycemia and hypothermia beginning 90-min into exposure, with reversal of effects 4-6 hours post-exposure. Glucose monitoring during four daily 4-hour ozone exposures revealed duration of hyperglycemia, adaptation, and diurnal variations. Ozone-induced hyperglycemia was preceded by increased adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and epinephrine, but depletion of thyroid-stimulating, prolactin, and luteinizing hormones. Hyperglycemia was inhibited in rats that are adrenalectomized and/or treated with glucocorticoid inhibitor. There was coherence among rats and humans in ozone-induced corticosterone/cortisol increases. Discussion. We demonstrate for the first time the temporality of neuroendocrine-stress-mediated biological sequalae responsible for ozone-induced metabolic dysfunction as exposure occurs. Real-time glucose monitoring with stress hormones assessment may be useful in identifying interactions among pollutants and stress-related illnesses.

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