scholarly journals Birds of the Pantanal floodplains, Brazil: historical data, diversity, and conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216182
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pacheco Nunes ◽  
Sérgio Roberto Posso ◽  
Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota ◽  
Breno Dias Vitorino ◽  
Rudi Ricardo Laps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
Global Extinction ◽  
The Many

The Pantanal floodplains of Brazil are a region of rich biodiversity. To date, the true richness of the Pantanal avifauna has not been explored satisfactorily caused by a lack of studies in the region and, especially, by the divergence of opinion among the works published by various authors on the many species found in the region. This is due to the lack of criteria in examining records, both with regard to the reliability of the identifications and in the precise geographical allocation. Therefore, in the study, we collage findings from various studies and records created by us in the last few decades from 199 distinct locations to produce a list of birds in the Pantanal floodplains. We grouped the results into three lists: primary, secondary, and tertiary. We found that the avifauna of the Pantanal floodplain is composed of a total of 617 species, of which 571 (92%) have supporting records of occurrence (primary list) and 46 still lack documentation (secondary list). The number of species listed here for the Pantanal floodplain represents 32% of all avifauna known to the Brazilian territory. This reflects the importance of the biome, as part of the national territory, for the maintenance of a meaningful avifaunistic richness. Migratory birds (n = 183), notably northern ones (n = 43), are among the main players involved in ecological processes of nutrient cycling and dispersion of important pathogens between the two continents. With regard to conservation, 25 species are included in some category of threat in the lists of threatened species with global extinction. We hope that our list will help future researchers a more definitive approach when researching the avian fauna in this bountiful region.

What Happens When We Feed?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Research ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Garden Birds ◽  
The Many

The importance and influence of food in the lives of animals has been studied is great detail in a vast number of species. This chapter outlines the many findings of this critical research that are directly relevant to understanding how the provisioning of food for garden birds may be affecting their lives.

Daphnia as a Model for Eco-evolutionary Dynamics

2018 ◽  
pp. 403-424
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Walsh ◽  
Michelle Packer ◽  
Shannon Beston ◽  
Collin Funkhouser ◽  
Michael Gillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Many

Much research has shown that variation in ecological processes can drive rapid evolutionary changes over periods of years to decades. Such contemporary adaptation sets the stage for evolution to have reciprocal impacts on the properties of populations, communities, and ecosystems, with ongoing interactions between ecological and evolutionary forces. The importance and generality of these eco-evolutionary dynamics are largely unknown. In this chapter, we promote the use of water fleas (Daphnia sp.) as a model organism in the exploration of eco-evolutionary interactions in nature. The many characteristics of Daphnia that make them suitable for laboratory study in conjunction with their well-known ecological importance in lakes, position Daphnia to contribute new and important insights into eco-evolutionary dynamics. We first review the influence of key environmental stressors in Daphnia evolution. We then highlight recent work documenting the pathway from life history evolution to ecology using Daphnia as a model. This review demonstrates that much is known about the influence of ecology on Daphnia life history evolution, while research exploring the genomic basis of adaptation as well as the influence of Daphnia life history traits on ecological processes is beginning to accumulate.

scholarly journals Australia?s Biodiversity and Climate Change

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
David Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Ministerial Council

This volume is the result of an initiative by the Natural Resources Management Ministerial Council, to assess the vulnerability of Australia?s biodiversity to climate change. It may be said at once that this remit is interpreted, not as referring to changes in ?biodiversity? as usually understood ? the number of species present ? but rather as covering all responses of organisms and the ecosystems in which they participate to the climate changes now in progress and in prospect. This extension of ?biodiversity? is clarified by the statement that ?modern biodiversity conservation . . . should ensure . . . the maintenance of ecological processes and the delivery of ecosystem services?.

scholarly journals Bird conservation on Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano N. Naka ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues ◽  
Andrei L. Roos ◽  
Marcos A. G. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Government

The island of Santa Catarina lies in the Atlantic Forest Domain of southern Brazil, one of the most threatened ecosys tems on the planet. It holds a wide variety of habitats, ranging from sand dune ‘restingas’ to mature rain forest. We report, for the first time, a survey of the bird species and their conservation status for the different habitats present on the island. We recorded 269 bird species of 54 families (25 species were seabirds). More than 50% (140) of the total number of species were residents or probable residents, 20% (58) were visitors and a relatively high number of species (61, 23%) had indeterminate residential status. Nearly 15% (35 species) of the 244 landbird species observed were endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Habitat specificity was recorded for 40% (97 species). We recorded one Endangered (Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius), one Vulnerable (White-necked Hawk Leucopternis lacernulata), and three Near-threatened species (Azure Jay Cyanocorax caeruleus, Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera, Black-backed Tanager Tangara peruviana). We also recorded six locally threatened species that we predict will become extinct in the near future. The future for the birds of the island is uncertain, especially for habitat specialists, due to habitat loss for resort developments, and a lack of concern by the government and local people.

scholarly journals Monitoring migratory birds in stopover habitat: assessing the value of extended duration audio recording

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie Roark ◽  
Willson Gaul
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
List Type ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Stopover Habitat

ABSTRACTBecause birds are frequently detected by sound, autonomous audio recorders (called automated recording units or ARUs) are now an established tool in addition to in-person observations for monitoring the status and trends of bird populations. ARUs have been evaluated and applied during breeding seasons, and to monitor the nocturnal flight calls of migrating birds. However, birds behave differently during migration stopover than during the breeding season. Here we present a method for using ARUs to monitor land birds in migration stopover habitat.We conducted in-person point counts next to continuously recording ARUs, and compared estimates of the number of species detected and focal species relative abundance from point counts and ARUs. We used a desk-based audio bird survey method for processing audio recordings, which does not require automated species identification algorithms. We tested two methods of using extended duration ARU recording: surveying consecutive minutes, and surveying randomly selected minutes.Desk-based surveys using randomly selected minutes from extended duration ARU recordings performed similarly to point counts, and better than desk-based surveys using consecutive minutes from ARU recordings. Surveying randomly selected minutes from ARUs provided estimates of relative abundance that were strongly correlated with estimates from point counts, and successfully showed the increase in abundance associated with migration timing. Randomly selected minutes also provided estimates of the number of species present that were comparable to estimates from point counts.ARUs are an effective way to track migration timing and intensity in remote or seasonally inaccessible migration stopover habitats. We recommend that desk-based surveys use randomly sampled minutes from extended duration ARU recordings, rather than using consecutive minutes from recordings. Our methods can be immediately applied by researchers with the skills to conduct point counts, with no additional expertise necessary in automated species identification algorithms.

scholarly journals Special Collection on Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches to Cancer Control: Cancer Finds a Conceptual Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482094235
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Whelan ◽  
Robert A. Gatenby
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fundamental Forces

Despite a century of intense investigation, cancer biology and treatment remain plagued by unanswered questions. Even basic questions regarding the fundamental forces driving the formation of cancer remain controversial. Recent approaches view cancer in the context of a complex web of interactions among cancer cells of the tumor, together with their interactions with the many cells and constituents of the complex and highly dynamic tumor microenvironment. As seen in this special collection, we believe that viewing cancer as a process of evolution driven by ongoing ecological processes playing out within a dynamic environment offers many insights and potential new pathways for cancer control.

Is biodiversity really the link between conservation and ecologically sustainable management? A reflection on paradigm and practice

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Davie
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Attributes ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Nature conservation practice is increasingly required to stand within a context of multiple use as land and its resources come under greater pressure of use by people. Although biodiversity conservation is now universally adopted as the banner under which international and national conservation programmes march, it is not clear that it has widespread support based on an understanding of all its ramifications. Conversely land users in Australia and in tropical countries do indicate an understanding and acceptance of conservation objectives which focus on the processes which support ecosystem productivity. A focus on conservation of the ecological processes which perpetuate vegetation as habitat, water and the fertility of soil, may better integrate nature conservation into other land uses. This essay explores some of these questions in relation to two wetland areas in Indonesia. The Pantai Timur Mangrove Nature Reserve in Jambi Province, Sumatra is valuable for the conservation of certain migratory birds; however, it is so dynamic that species diversity is not significant. Despite this, ecological functions which have created the ecosystem may be critical to the continued productivity of the land and the quality of life of the people who live in it. In contrast the coastal wetland forests of Bunaken National Park are remarkably stable and while they are critical to ecological regulation of the quality and productivity of that environment, they also offer very special biodiversity values. The implications of these examples are examined in relation to conservation practice and to ecologically sustainable management. Design is proposed as a means through which local communities might take some control of land management in order to retain, restore or create landscapes which have sustainable, rich and productive natural and human attributes.

scholarly journals Fire and its interaction with ecological processes in box-ironbark forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Bennett ◽  
Greg J. Holland ◽  
Anna Flanagan ◽  
Sarah Kelly ◽  
Michael F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fire Intervals

Box-Ironbark forests extend across a swathe of northern Victoria on the inland side of the Great Dividing Range. Although extensively cleared and modified, they support a distinctive suite of plants and animals. Historical fire regimes in this ecosystem are largely unknown, as are the effects of fire on most of the biota. However, knowledge of the ecological attributes of plant species has been used to determine minimum and maximum tolerable fire intervals for this ecosystem to guide current fire management. Here, we consider the potential effects of planned fire in the context of major ecological drivers of the current box-ironbark forests: namely, the climate and physical environment; historical land clearing and fragmentation; and extractive land uses. We outline an experimental management and research project based on application of planned burns in different seasons (autumn, spring) and at different levels of burn cover (patchy, extensive). A range of ecological attributes will be monitored before and after burns to provide better understanding of the landscape-scale effects of fire in box-ironbark forests. Such integration of management and research is essential to address the many knowledge gaps in fire ecology, particularly in the context of massively increased levels of planned burning currently being implemented in Victoria.

scholarly journals Contribution to knowledge of the butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of north-eastern Poland with a description of a new tineid species from the genus Monopis Hübner, 1825

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Šumpich ◽  
Jan Liška ◽  
Ivo Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Contribution to knowledge of the butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of north-eastern Poland with a description of a new tineid species from the genus Monopis Hübner, 1825 This work contains faunistic data on the occurrence of 677 butterfly and moth species found during 2000-2008 in north-eastern Poland (Podlasie Province). The species Monopis fenestratella (Heyden, 1863), Amphisbatis elsae Svensson, 1982, Coleophora ptarmicia Walsingham, 1910 and Epermenia falciformis (Haworth, 1828) were found in Poland for the first time. Recent data are provided for five other species - Monochroa servella (Zeller, 1839), Teleiodes aenigma Sattler, 1983, Dichomeris limosella (Schläger, 1849), Aethes rutilana (Hübner, 1817) and Eana derivana (LA Harpe, 1858) - known in Poland only from historical data. The occurrence in Podlasie of 75 species is reported for the first time, and the occurrence of 6 other species is confirmed for this area after more than 50 years. This work also describes a new species, Monopis bisonella Šumpich, sp. n. A number of species are very rare in Poland and occur only locally. These include Nemapogon wolffiellus Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976, Coleophora trifariella Zeller, 1849, Sophronia chilonella (Treitschke, 1833), Syncopacma sangiella (Stainton, 1863), Helcystogramma albinerve (Gerasimov, 1929), Cochylis flaviciliana (Westwood, 1854), Acleris comariana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846), Apotomis semifasciana (Haworth, 1811), Cydia coniferana (Saxesen, 1840), Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758), Lopinga achine (Scopoli, 1763), Scopula nemoraria (Hübner, 1799), Epirrhoe tartuensis Moels, 1965 and Schrankia taenialis (Hübner, 1809). A complete list of the species found is provided in the Appendix at the end of this work.

scholarly journals Does climate limit species richness by limiting individual species’ ranges?

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1776) ◽  
pp. 20132695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Boucher-Lalonde ◽  
Jeremy T. Kerr ◽  
David J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Richness Patterns

Broad-scale geographical variation in species richness is strongly correlated with climate, yet the mechanisms underlying this correlation are still unclear. We test two broad classes of hypotheses to explain this pattern. Bottom-up hypotheses propose that the environment determines individual species’ ranges. Ranges then sum up to yield species richness patterns. Top-down hypotheses propose that the environment limits the number of species that occur in a region, but not which ones. We test these two classes of hypotheses using a natural experiment: seasonal changes in environmental variables and seasonal range shifts of 625 migratory birds in the Americas. We show that richness seasonally tracks the environment. By contrast, individual species’ geographical distributions do not. Rather, species occupy different sets of environmental conditions in two seasons. Our results are inconsistent with extant bottom-up hypotheses. Instead, a top-down mechanism appears to constrain the number of species that can occur in a given region.

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