Abstract P385: General and Regional Adiposity and Hypertension Risk in a Multi-ethnic Community Cohort of Men and Women: The Take Off the Pressure Study (TOPS)

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A McAuley ◽  
Denisha Little-Greene ◽  
Eva Piatt ◽  
Dailen Celma ◽  
F. A Kavas
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Forsyth County ◽  
Regional Adiposity ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Although several studies have reported associations of general and regional adiposity with hypertension risk, limited data are available in multi-ethnic cohorts. Methods: Cross-sectional associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and peripheral circumference measures (neck [NC], arm [AC], hips [HC], and thigh [TC]) with hypertension risk was examined in a cohort of 504 multi-ethnic men and women (mean age, 46 years; 76% women; 23% Caucasian, 31% African-American, and 46% Hispanic). Patients were recruited from a community free clinic (Forsyth County, NC) to participate in the Take Off the Pressure Study (TOPS) during April to September, 2011. Associations of adiposity measures with hypertension risk by ethnicity were assessed using logistic regression after adjusting for age and sex. Results: Overall, 49% of participants (51%, 76%, and 29% of Caucasians, African-Americans, and Hispanics, respectively) had hypertension (BP >140/90 or previous diagnosis). Positive associations with hypertension risk were observed for BMI, WC, AC, HC and NC among Caucasians, and for WC among Hispanics ( Table ). In other words, Caucasians with higher BMI, and larger waist, arm, hip, and neck circumferences, and Hispanics with a larger waist circumference, were more likely to have hypertension. Notably, each 1-inch increase in arm and neck circumference was associated with 30% and 56% higher risks of hypertension, respectively among whites. However, no significant associations between any adiposity measure and hypertension risk were observed among African-Americans. Conclusion: Hypertension was highly prevalent in this cohort, particularly among African-Americans. However, adiposity markers used to assess hypertension risk in Caucasians may not apply to individuals of other ethnicities. Table. Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for hypertension by adiposity indicator/ethnicity Caucasian (n = 117) African-American (n = 156) Hispanic (n = 231) BMI (per kg/m 2 ) 1.09 (1.03-1.15) 1.03 (0.99-1.08) 1.03 (0.97-1.08) Waist circ (per in) 1.11 (1.04-1.18) 1.05 (0.99-1.11) 1.06 (1.00-1.11) Arm circ (per in) 1.30 (1.05-1.62) 1.11 (0.94-1.31) 1.11 (0.93-1.33) Thigh circ (per in) 1.06 (0.93-1.20) 1.09 (0.97-1.21) 0.98 (0.87-1.10) Hip circ (per in) 1.09 (1.02-1.17) 1.04 (0.99-1.10) 1.03 (0.97-1.10) Neck circ (per in) 1.56 (1.19-2.03) 1.15 (0.90-1.47) 1.14 (0.91-1.44)

scholarly journals Do the Same Central Anthropometric Variables that Best Predict Blood Pressure in European Americans also Best Predict Blood Pressure in African Americans?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
L. Jerome Brandon ◽  
Larry D. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African American ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
African American Men ◽  
European American ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Blood Pressures

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if central anthropometric vari­ables that best estimate blood pressure risks in European Americans also best estimate blood pressure risks in African Americans.Design: The participants were 357 nor­motensive African and European American volunteers with a mean age of 32.6 ± 12.4 years. Participants were evaluated for central adiposity with dual energy X-ray ab­sorptiometry, abdomen and thigh skinfolds, waist and hip circumferences, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Descriptive statistics, partial correlations, ANOVA and stepwise regressions were used to analyze the data.Results: Central adiposity anthropometric indices made different contributions to blood pressure in African and European American men and women. When weight was held constant, waist circumference shared stronger partial relationships with blood pressure in African Americans (r = .30 to .47) than in European Americans (r = .11 to .32). Waist circumference in com­bination with other indices was a predictor of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in European American men (P<.05) but only a predictor for diastolic blood pressure in African American men and women (P<.01). Hip circumference was the only predic­tor for systolic blood pressure (P<.01) in African American men and women.Conclusions: Further research on the rela­tive contributions of central anthropometric indices to blood pressure in African and European Americans is warranted. A better understanding of this relationship may help reduce hypertensive morbidity and mortali­ty disparities between African and European Americans. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(2):349-356; doi:10.18865/ed.30.2.349

scholarly journals Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽  
Siham Ahmed Balla ◽  
Amna Abdalla Babiker ◽  
Safaa Abdelhameed Medani ◽  
Rania Abdalla Osman Khalfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle  during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 . Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park). Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics. Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17. Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001. Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women. Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive.  Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.  

Age Differences in Knowledge about HIV Transmission among African-American Men and Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kathleen Burlew
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Older African Americans ◽  
The Difference

To test whether knowledge about HIV transmission may be one contributing factor to the disproportionately high rates of HIV and AIDS cases among older African Americans, this study examined data from 448 African-American men and women, who completed the AIDS Knowledge and Awareness Scale. Overall the findings supported the hypothesis that older African Americans were not as knowledgeable as their younger counterparts. However, the analyses also indicated older (age 61+) African-American women were significantly less knowledgeable about HIV transmission than the younger women. However, the difference between older and younger men was not significant. One implication is that older African Americans, especially women, should be targets of educational efforts.

Differential DNA Methylation and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Mother-Adolescent Dyads

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110390
Author(s):  
Amanda Elswick Gentry ◽  
Jo Robins ◽  
Mat Makowski ◽  
Wendy Kliewer
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among African Americans, compared to other racial groups, cardiovascular disease onset occurs at an earlier age due to a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that heritable epigenetic processes are related to increased cardiovascular disease risk, but this is largely unexplored in adolescents or across generations. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive pilot study in low-income African American mother-adolescent dyads, we examined associations between DNA methylation and the cardiometabolic indicators of body mass index, waist circumference, and insulin resistance. Results: Four adjacent cytosine and guanine nucleotides (CpG) sites were significantly differentially methylated and associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), 62 with waist circumference, and none to insulin resistance in models for both mothers and adolescents. Conclusion: Further study of the relations among psychological and environmental stressors, indicators of cardiovascular disease, risk, and epigenetic factors will improve understanding of cardiovascular disease risk so that preventive measures can be instituted earlier and more effectively. To our knowledge this work is the first to examine DNA methylation and cardiometabolic risk outcomes in mother-adolescent dyads.

Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Different Racial and Ethnic Subgroups.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4547-4547
Author(s):  
Deimante Tamkus ◽  
Ahmad Jajeh ◽  
Ebenezer Berko ◽  
David Osafo ◽  
Decebal Griza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormalities ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Chromosomal Changes

Abstract Inferior survival of African American and Hispanic patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been reported. The reason for this is unclear. A retrospective analysis was conducted to see if abnormal cytogenetics account for the differences. We have analyzed cytogenetic studies of 39 adults (16 year and older) with newly diagnosed ALL who were consecutively treated at John Stroger Hospital of Cook County between 1997 and 2005. The study population included 13 (33%) African Americans, 18 (46%) Hispanics, 6 (16%) Caucasians, and 2 (5 %) other ethnic background adults. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Mean age at diagnosis was 26 (range between 16 and 71 years). A clonal cytogenetic abnormality was detected in 27 patients, and 12 patients had normal karyotype. Patients with t (9;22)(q34;q11), BCR-ABL + by FISH, t (4;11)(q21;q23), +8, −7 cytogenetic abnormalities were assigned to an unfavorable cytogenetic group. This group was composed of 14 patients. None of our study patients had favorable cytogenetics: del (12p), t(12p), t(14q11-q23), inv(14)(q11;q32) or t(10;14)(q24;q11). Remaining 25 patients with normal karyotype (n=12) or miscellaneous cytogenetic abnormalities (n=13) were classified as normal risk group. 54 % of African Americans had unfavorable cytogenetics, compared with 33 % Caucasians and 17 % Hispanics. Translocation t (9;22) alone or in association with other cytogenetic abnormalities was most commonly seen. 9 patients had single, and 18 had multiple chromosomal changes. Hispanic group had more complex cytogenetic changes when compared with the African American or Caucasian groups. Unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities may account for inferior survival in African Americans, but other factors such as compliance or pharmacogenetics should be evaluated, especially in the Hispanic patient population.

scholarly journals Cross-validation of generalised body composition equations with diverse young men and women: the Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Jackson ◽  
Kenneth J. Ellis ◽  
Brian K. McFarlin ◽  
Mary H. Sailors ◽  
Molly S. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
African American ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
African American Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Exercise Response

Generalised skinfold equations developed in the 1970s are commonly used to estimate laboratory-measured percentage fat (BF%). The equations were developed on predominately white individuals using Siri's two-component percentage fat equation (BF%-GEN). We cross-validated the Jackson–Pollock (JP) generalised equations with samples of young white, Hispanic and African–American men and women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the BF% referent criterion (BF%-DXA). The cross-sectional sample included 1129 women and men (aged 17–35 years). The correlations between BF%-GEN and BF%-DXA were 0·85 for women and 0·93 for men. Analysis of measurement error showed that BF%-GEN underestimated BF%-DXA of men and women by 1·3 and 3·0 %. General linear models (GLM) confirmed that BF%-GEN systematically underestimated BF%-DXA of Hispanic men and women, and overestimated BF%-DXA of African–American men. GLM were used to estimate BF%-DXA from the JP sum of skinfolds and to account for race/ethnic group bias. The fit statistics (R and standard error of the estimate; see) of the men's calibration model were: white, R 0·92, see 3·0 %; Hispanic, R 0·91, see 3·0 %; African–American, R 0·95, see 2·6 %. The women's statistics were: white and African–American, R 0·86, see 3·8 %; Hispanic, R 0·83, see 3·4 %. These results showed that BF%-GEN and BF%-DXA were highly correlated, but the error analyses documented that the generalised equations lacked accuracy when applied to these racially and ethnically diverse men and women. The inaccuracy was linked to the body composition and race/ethnic differences between these Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) study subjects and the men and women used to develop the generalised equations in the 1970s and using BF%-DXA as the referent criterion.

scholarly journals LIFETIME EXPERIENCES OF GRIEF AMONG RECENTLY BEREAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S514-S514
Author(s):  
Danielle L McDuffie ◽  
Rebecca S Allen ◽  
Sheila Black ◽  
Martha R Crowther ◽  
Ryan Whitlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
African American ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Life

Abstract This study sought to investigate the ways recently bereaved African American middle to older aged adults conceptualized both prior and present loss. Fourteen African American men and women aged 46 years and older (M=62.6) completed one time, in-person semi-structured interviews detailing their grief experiences. Interview transcripts were then coded using a content analysis. Four themes were reported during prior loss (Continuing on with Normal Life/ Time, Faith/ Religion, Reminiscing/ Reminiscence, Social Support) along with present loss (Faith/ Religion, Keeping Busy, Reminiscence, Social Support). Men and women in the sample were found to cope in relatively consistent manners despite the timing of the loss, and in manners consistent with literature detailing African American grief outcomes. This information could help inform both bereaved African Americans and those seeking to aid African Americans during times of bereavement in proactively having knowledge of coping mechanisms that have been used historically and found to be beneficial.

scholarly journals 4355 Impact of Demographic & Racial Differences on DNA Repair Capacity in Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
Francesca Christina Duncan ◽  
Catherine Sears ◽  
Nawar Al Narallah ◽  
Ahmad Al-Hader
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Dna Repair Capacity

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States for both men and women. African Americans are disproportionately affected with lung cancer, having higher incidence and mortality rates compared to Caucasian men and women. African American smokers are diagnosed with lung cancer at a lower age with lower cumulative smoking history. Differences in socioeconomic and environmental factors likely contribute to lung cancer disparities, but less is known about acquired biologic alterations that can promote initiation and progression of lung cancer, particularly in African Americans. This is of interest because there may be other biological, genetic, or environmental factors contributing to lung cancer outcomes as it relates to differences in gender and race. One potential biologic variable may be in the DNA repair capacity (DRC), which describes a cell’s ability to repair damage to DNA caused by carcinogens, oxidants, and radiation. Altered DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, leading to mutations and malignant transformation. We hypothesize that DRC is decreased in African Americans with lung cancer compared to Caucasian Americans with lung cancer, contributing to the disparity that exists in this racial group. We will 1) perform a retrospective chart review to determine demographic differences between African Americans and Caucasians at three central Indiana hospitals and 2) determine the impact of race and lung cancer on DRC amongst African Americans and Caucasians with and without lung cancer. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Lung cancer patients are identified in 3 central Indiana hospitals with different payer source and patient populations using ICD codes. Collected demographics include age, gender, pack-years, lung cancer histology, treatment, and mortality. DRC is measured by host-cell reactivation (non-homologous end-joining and nucleotide excision repair pathways) by flow-cytometry. Measurement of DRC is performed on PBMCs obtained from 120 patients (male and female, African Americans and Caucasians with and without lung cancer). Correlation of DRC and lung cancer will be determined by comparing lung cancer diagnosis to quartile DRC, and adjusted for confounders (measured demographics). Correlative measures will include measures of DNA damage and genomic instability. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 3450 lung cancer patients were diagnosed with lung cancer at Indiana University Hospital between 1/1/2000 – 5/31/2015. Of these, 48.2% were female and 92.7% smokers. African Americans, Caucasians and Other ethnicities represented 12%, 86% and 2%, respectively. Of smokers, 11.4% were African American. The primary payer source was Federal/Medicare. Retrospective review of lung cancer patients from two additional health systems (county and VA hospitals) will be performed as above with outcomes measured. DRC and additional correlative measures will be performed as in Methods. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: If present, altered DRC in African Americans compared to Caucasians may contribute to the disproportional impact of lung cancer on African Americans. If DRC is decreased in African Americans with lung cancer, future studies will focus on identifying potential genetic, epigenetic and environmental causes for this decrease.

scholarly journals The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with body fat distribution in middle-aged individuals from Indonesia and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis of two population-based studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathimah S. Sigit ◽  
Dicky L. Tahapary ◽  
Stella Trompet ◽  
Erliyani Sartono ◽  
Ko Willems van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies among populations with different ethnicities. Asian populations develop metabolic complications at lower amounts of adiposity than western populations. The role of abdominal obesity in the metabolic differences between the two populations is poorly understood. Objectives Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the relative contribution of its components in the Indonesian and the Dutch population, as well as to examine the associations of overall and abdominal obesity with metabolic syndrome. Methods In this cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study (n = 6602) and the Indonesian National Health Surveillance (n = 10,575), metabolic syndrome was defined by the unified IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria. We performed logistic and linear regressions to examine associations of BMI and waist circumference with the metabolic syndrome, mutually adjusted for waist circumference and BMI. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28% and 46% in Indonesian men and women, and 36% and 24% in Dutch men and women. The most prominent components were hypertension (61%) and hyperglycemia (51%) in the Indonesian, and hypertension (62%) and abdominal obesity (40%) in the Dutch population. Per SD in BMI and waist circumference, odds ratios (ORs, 95% CI) of metabolic syndrome were 1.5 (1.3–1.8) and 2.3 (1.9–2.7) in Indonesian men and 1.7 (1.2–2.5) and 2.9 (2.1–4.1) in Dutch men. The ORs of metabolic syndrome were 1.4 (1.2–1.6) and 2.3 (2.0–2.7) in Indonesian women and 1.0 (0.8–1.3) and 4.2 (3.2–5.4) in Dutch women. Conclusion More Indonesian women than men have metabolic syndrome, whereas the opposite is true for the Dutch population. In both the Indonesian and the Dutch populations, hypertension is the primary contributor to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. In both populations, abdominal adiposity was more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than overall adiposity.

“Latter-Day Slavery”

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Susan D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
White Led ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women’S Suffrage

My research highlights little-known aspects of African American participation in the mobilization on behalf of women’s suffrage in California, an issue of vital importance to African Americans. The history of suffrage in the United States is marked by varying degrees of denial of voting rights to African Americans. In California, African Americans were pivotal participants in three major suffrage campaigns. Based on black women’s support for the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted black men the right to vote, black men and women formed a critical political alliance, one in which black men almost universally supported black women’s suffrage. Black women began and continued their activism on behalf of male and female voting rights, not as an extension of white-led suffrage campaigns, but as an expression of African American political culture. African Americans—including black women suffragists—developed their own political culture, in part, to associate with those of similar culture and life experiences, but also because white-led suffrage organizations excluded black members. Black politics in California reflected African Americans’ confidence in black women as political actors and their faith in their own independent efforts to secure the franchise for both black men and women.

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