scholarly journals Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Volumes Are Cross-Sectionally Related to Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1234-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla M. Pou ◽  
Joseph M. Massaro ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
Pal Maurovich-Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Present in Patients with CKD before Initiation of Maintenance Hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Gamboa ◽  
Baback Roshanravan ◽  
Theodore Towse ◽  
Chad A. Keller ◽  
Aaron M. Falck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background and objectivesPatients with CKD suffer from frailty and sarcopenia, which is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Skeletal muscle mitochondria are important for physical function and could be a target to prevent frailty and sarcopenia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the severity of CKD. We also evaluated the interaction between mitochondrial function and coexisting comorbidities, such as impaired physical performance, intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Design, setting, participants, & measurements Sixty-three participants were studied, including controls (n=21), patients with CKD not on maintenance hemodialysis (CKD 3–5; n=20), and patients on maintenance hemodialysis (n=22). We evaluated in vivo knee extensors mitochondrial function using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to obtain the phosphocreatine recovery time constant, a measure of mitochondrial function. We measured physical performance using the 6-minute walk test, intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration with magnetic resonance imaging, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in plasma. In skeletal muscle biopsies from a select number of patients on maintenance hemodialysis, we also measured markers of mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission).ResultsWe found a prolonged phosphocreatine recovery constant in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (53.3 [43.4–70.1] seconds, median [interquartile range]) and patients with CKD not on maintenance hemodialysis (41.5 [35.4–49.1] seconds) compared with controls (38.9 [32.5–46.0] seconds; P=0.001 among groups). Mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with poor physical performance (r=0.62; P=0.001), greater intermuscular adipose tissue (r=0.44; P=0.001), and increased markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (r=0.60; P=0.001). We found mitochondrial fragmentation and increased content of dynamin-related protein 1, a marker of mitochondrial fission, in skeletal muscles from patients on maintenance hemodialysis (0.86 [0.48–1.35] arbitrary units (A.U.), median [interquartile range]) compared with controls (0.60 [0.24–0.75] A.U.).ConclusionsMitochondrial dysfunction is due to multifactorial etiologies and presents prior to the initiation of maintenance hemodialysis, including in patients with CKD stages 3–5.

scholarly journals Inflammation-related oxidative stress in white adipose tissues of an inbred obese pig

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Yang ◽  
Z. Y. Jiang ◽  
Z. M. Tian ◽  
Y. Q. Qiu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract The uneven development of adipose tissues reflects a differential occurrence of biological events in vivo while the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, the in vivo inflammatory status of an inbred obese porcine model, Lantang pig, was assessed, aiming to provide evidence for obesity biology. Compared with genetically lean pigs (crossbred, Duroc × Landrace × Large White), Lantang pigs exhibited a larger amount of ultra large adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue accompanied with higher expression of macrophage/monocytes markers and pro-inflammatory genes (TLR4, CD14, CD11β, MCP1, TNFα, IL1β and IL6) and lower expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, 2 and 3). Plasma concentrations of LPS and TNF-α were also higher in Lantang pigs than in lean pigs. Among adipose tissues of Lantang pigs, the subcutaneous tissue had the most abundant expression of inflammation related genes (TLR4, CD14, TNFα and IL6) and the lowest level of cellular antioxidant genes (SOD 1 and 2), while the perirenal adipose tissue had opposite profile. Significant activation of p38 MAPK pathway was indicated by increased phosphorylation of p38 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Lantang pigs. Collectively, the bacteria-derived LPS induced inflammation-associated oxidative stress indeed exists in adipose tissues of Lantang pig, and the differential expressions of inflammatory and antioxidant genes, to some extent, account for the uneven development of the adipose tissue within bodies.

Sex differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue redox homeostasis and inflammation markers in control and high-fat diet fed rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Prado Vasconcelos ◽  
Milena Simões Peixoto ◽  
Keciany Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira ◽  
Andrelina Noronha Coelho-de-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The development of obesity-related metabolic disorders is more evident in male in comparison with female subjects, but the mechanisms are unknown. Several studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, but the majority of these studies were performed with male animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sex-related differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue redox homeostasis and inflammation of rats chronically fed a high-fat diet. NADPH oxidase (NOX), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities were evaluated in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC) of adult male and female rats fed either a standard chow (SCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 11 weeks. NOX2 and NOX4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, total reduced thiols, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6 were also determined. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and total reduced thiol levels were detected in SC of control male compared with female rats. Chronic HFD administration increased NOX activity and NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA levels and decreased SOD and GPx activities only in male animals. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, as well as Adgre1, CD11b, and CD68 mRNA levels, were also higher in SC of males after HFD feeding. In SC of females, catalase activity was higher after HFD feeding. Taken together, our results show that redox homeostasis and inflammation of SC is sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, males show higher oxidative stress in SC after 11 weeks of HFD feeding owing to both increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through NOX2 and NOX4 and decreased ROS detoxification.

scholarly journals Tissue-Specific Oxidative Stress Modulation by Exercise: A Comparison between MICT and HIIT in an Obese Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Groussard ◽  
Florie Maillard ◽  
Emilie Vazeille ◽  
Nicolas Barnich ◽  
Pascal Sirvent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Training Modalities

Background and Aim. Exercise is an effective strategy to reduce obesity-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two training modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the pro/antioxidant status of different tissues in obese Zucker rats. Methods. Eight-week-old male Zucker rats (fa/fa, n=36) were subdivided in three groups: MICT, HIIT, and control (no exercise) groups. Trained animals ran on a treadmill (0° slope), 5 days/week for 10 weeks (MICT: 51 min at 12 m·min-1; HIIT: 6 sets of 3 min at 10 m·min-1 followed by 4 min at 18 m·min-1). Epididymal (visceral) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)), antioxidant system markers (ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities), and prooxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities, myeloperoxidase content). Results. Compared with the control, MICT increased GPx and catalase activities and the FRAP level in epididymal adipose tissue. HIIT increased the AOPP level in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the muscle, HIIT increased both SOD and GPx activities and reduced the AOPP level, whereas MICT increased only SOD activity. Finally, plasma myeloperoxidase content was similarly decreased by both training modalities, whereas oxLDL was reduced only in the MICT group. Conclusion. Both HIIT and MICT improved the pro/antioxidant status. However, HIIT was more efficient than MICT in the skeletal muscle, whereas MICT was more efficient in epididymal adipose tissue. This suggests that oxidative stress responses to HIIT and MICT are tissue-specific. This could result in ROS generation via different pathways in these tissues. From a practical point of view, the two training modalities should be combined to obtain a global response in people with obesity.

Proteomic analysis of epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue reveals differences in proteins involved in oxidative stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. H202-H209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Salgado-Somoza ◽  
Elvis Teijeira-Fernández ◽  
Ángel Luis Fernández ◽  
José Ramón González-Juanatey ◽  
Sonia Eiras
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Mutase ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an endocrine organ adjacent to coronary arteries and myocardium without anatomy barriers. Locally produced adipokines may reflect or affect to cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Our aim was to study the protein expression profiles of EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to identify local candidate molecules characterizing EAT in patients with cardiovascular disease. EAT and SAT samples were collected from 55 patients undergoing heart surgery. Proteins from these tissues were separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, and differences between them were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF spectra. Differences in protein levels were further investigated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blots, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EAT and SAT was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium chloride assays. ROS production was higher in EAT than SAT. We have found mRNA differences for catalase, glutathione S-transferase P, and protein disulfide isomerase, and 2D Western blots additionally showed post-translational differences for phosphoglycerate mutase 1; all four are related to oxidative stress pathways. EAT suffers greater oxidative stress than SAT in patients with cardiovascular diseases and exhibits associated proteomic differences that suggest the possibility of its association with myocardial stress in these patients.

scholarly journals Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver, Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10606
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Trnovska ◽  
Petr Svoboda ◽  
Helena Pelantova ◽  
Marek Kuzma ◽  
Helena Kratochvilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.

scholarly journals Improved Insulin Sensitivity 3 Months After RYGB Surgery Is Associated With Increased Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue AMPK Activity and Decreased Oxidative Stress

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3155-3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Julia Xu ◽  
Caroline Apovian ◽  
Donald Hess ◽  
Brian Carmine ◽  
Asish Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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