Abstract 024: MicroRNAs and Anesthetic Cardioprotection in Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeljko J Bosnjak ◽  
Jessica Olson ◽  
Alison Kriegel ◽  
Xiaowen Bai ◽  
Mingyu Liang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: MicroRNAs are endogenous small RNA molecules that regulate a wide range of cellular functions primarily through reduction of target protein expression. Several microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in cardiac injury, and also contribute to the development of diabetic complications and cardiac preconditioning. We utilized a model of the patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into the cardiac lineage in order to delineate the environmental and cellular mechanisms responsible for overturning anesthetic cardioprotection in diabetes. We hypothesized that miR-21 contributes to cardioprotection conferred by anesthetics in human cardiomyocytes and that diabetic conditions compromise this protection in part via suppression of miR-21. Methods: We have developed and validated a clinically relevant model of cardioprotection using human cardiomyocytes differentiated from the iPSCs derived from non-diabetic individuals (N-CM) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-CM). Results: Our results indicate that cardiomyocytes derived from type 2 diabetes-specific stem cells recapitulate the phenotypic findings from type 2 diabetic patients. For instance, T2-CM exhibited a suppression of protein kinase B (Akt) and activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, compared to N-CM; indicating that this pathway is compromised in cardiomyocytes derived from diabetic individuals. In addition, we examined whether isoflurane could delay oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in T2-CM and found that the effects of isoflurane were significantly attenuated as compared to N-CM. Finally, isoflurane increased miR-21 abundance in N-CM, but not in T2-CM. Summary: Diabetes and hyperglycemia substantially increase perioperative cardiovascular risk, with few mitigating strategies. Our data indicate an important role of miR-21 in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection and its impairment by diabetic conditions that may suggest new therapeutic targets for reducing perioperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals The result of treadmill test in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrinivasrao Joshi ◽  
Chandrakant Gunaji Lahane ◽  
Akshay Arvind Kashid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">To study the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The present study was conducted in the Govt. Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad. During December 2012 to November 2014 with 50 patients. It was two year cross sectional study with the patients of asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">12 (24%) out of 50 subjects had positive TMT. It correlated with years of duration of diabetes (9 positive TMT cases with duration of diabetes more than 10 years). 5 (25%) out of 20 had serum cholesterol levels &gt;240, Number of positive TMT were higher in patients with LDL &gt;160 [5 (25%) out of 20]</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Diabetic patients are at very high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of IHD is very important so that pharmacological therapy, which may improve outcome, can be established. Tread mill exercise TMT being a non-invasive test with high safety, has an important role in early detection of IHD. It is recommended that TMT should be a part of routine management in asymptomatic patients with type II DM. </span></p>

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PRO197LEU POLYMORPHISM OF THE GPX1 GENE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND COMORBID OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
A. Popruha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are among the most common diseases worldwide. Due to the extremely high prevalence of these diseases that has been reached in recent years, at present they are recognized as non-infectious epidemics. Obesity is the leading modifying pathogenetic factor of type 2 diabetes. Almost 90% of diabetic patients are overweight or obese. Today, adipose tissue is positioned as an endocrine organ that produces numerous proteins with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions. As a result, chronic activation of the body's immune system occurs with overproduction of a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines with subsequent development and progression of chronic non-specific systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which make a significant contribution to the development of many chronic diseases. Based on the relationship of the pathogenetic moments between type 2 diabetes and obesity, attention should be paid to study the role of genetic factors of the antioxidant defence system, and, in particular, the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) gene polymorphism, on the development and course of these pathologies. Therefore, we investigated the specific effects of the Pro197Leu polymorphism of the GPx1 gene on the development of diabetic and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid obesity in the Poltava region. Significant relationship was found out between the presence of the Leu allele and the increased risk of both type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in combination with obesity. It has been established that in the patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid obesity, the carriage of the Pro allele can be a protective factor with a protective effect towards preventing the development of complications in the clinical and pathogenetic course of both diseases, while the presence of the mutant Leu allele in the homo- and heterozygous state of the GPx1 gene is associated with an increased risk of the development of the diseases studied as well as concomitant diabetic and cardiovascular complications with more adverse clinical course of both diseases.

scholarly journals Oral Hypoglycemics in Patients with type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Luke Rannelli ◽  
Eric Kaplovitch ◽  
Sonia Anand
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Acute Limb Ischemia ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Worldwide, in 2010, 202 million people were living with PAD, with a prevalence between 3-12 percent. The prevalence of PAD is three times greater in diabetic patients compared to those with normal glycaemia. PAD of the limbs is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as major adverse limb events including acute limb ischemia and amputation. These risks are particularly high in patients who smoke and/or have type 2 diabetes.  The goal of treatment in diabetic patients with PAD is to prevent cardiovascular events and prevent further peripheral artery stenosis leading to limb ischemia, and amputation. Poor glycemic control contributes to atherosclerotic progression; however, no randomized control trial evidence exists that demonstrates improved glycemic control reduces the risk of PAD. Oral diabetic medications are designed to lower glucose levels, reduce symptoms and the microvascular complications of diabetes without the inconvenience of daily injections. However, the data supporting benefit of these medications in diabetic populations with concurrent PAD are limited. We review the evidence for oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of patients with concurrent PAD and diabetes.

scholarly journals GFR and Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
S Zabeen ◽  
MR Rahman ◽  
W Nargis ◽  
TG Mustafa ◽  
NH Eusufzai
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiac Event ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Individual with type 2 diabetes is a high risk group for both adverse cardiac as well as renal events. GFR is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Reduced GFR is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The study was designed to explore the association between reduced GFR and cardiovascular events in diabetic subjects. It was a case-control study. One hundred and twenty nine (129) male subjects with cardiac event or events were selected. Diabetes of them 50 was type 2 and 79 were non diabetic. Modification of diet in renal disease study equation (eGFR) to estimate GFR was used and examined the prevalence of cardiovascular events in both groups. Unpaired t-test and chi square test were done to find out the level of significance. eGFR was compared between the study groups and significant differences were observed (p value <0.01). Reduced GFR (by estimating MDRD equation) is associated with cardiac event or events and should perform as routine assessment of diabetic patients. Key word: MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease); eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate); Type 2 Diabetes DOI: 10.3329/akmmcj.v2i1.7464 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 2011; 2(1): 06-08

scholarly journals Impaired Insulin-Stimulated Expression of the Glycogen Synthase Gene in Skeletal Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Is Acquired Rather Than Inherited1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1584-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Huang ◽  
Allan Vaag ◽  
Mona Hansson ◽  
Jianping Weng ◽  
Esa Laurila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

To examine whether defective muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) expression is associated with impaired glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes and whether the defect is inherited or acquired, we measured GYS1 gene expression and enzyme activity in muscle biopsies taken before and after an insulin clamp in 12 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for type 2 diabetes and in 12 matched control subjects. The effect of insulin on GYS1 fractional activity, when expressed as the increment over the basal values, was significantly impaired in diabetic (15.7 ± 3.3%; P &lt; 0.01), but not in nondiabetic (23.7 ± 1.8%; P = NS) twins compared with that in control subjects (28.1 ± 2.3%). Insulin increased GYS1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in control subjects (from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 1.74 ± 0.10 relative units; P &lt; 0.01) and in nondiabetic (from 0.24 ± 0.05 to 1.81 ± 0.16 relative units; P &lt; 0.01) and diabetic (from 0.20 ± 0.07 to 1.08 ± 0.14 relative units; P &lt; 0.01) twins. The effect of insulin on GYS1 expression was, however, significantly reduced in the diabetic (P &lt; 0.003), but not in the nondiabetic, twins compared with that in control subjects. The postclamp GYS1 mRNA levels correlated strongly with the hemoglobin A1c levels (r = −0.61; P &lt; 0.001). Despite the decrease in postclamp GYS1 mRNA levels, the GYS1 protein levels were not decreased in the diabetic twins compared with those in the control subjects (2.10 ± 0.46 vs. 2.10 ± 0.34 relative units; P = NS). We conclude that 1) insulin stimulates GYS1 mRNA expression; and 2) impaired stimulation of GYS1 gene expression by insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes is acquired and most likely is secondary to chronic hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Interrelationship Between Chitotriosidase, Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Hosny ◽  
M M Maher ◽  
M M Bekhet ◽  
A M Bahaaeldin ◽  
H M A Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide . Poor glucose control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are the main factors that increase the risk of atherosclerotic disease in T2DM. Aim of the Work To study the relationship between Chitotriosidase level in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the development of atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 75 persons. Cases were selected from Internal medicine & endocrinology outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University Hospital. They were divided into Two groups: Group 1 formed of 50 Type 2 Diabetic patients. Group 2 formed of 25 healthy subjects as control Results Serum Chitotriosidae level was higher in type 2 diabetic patients than healthy control.and its level was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients with atherosclerosis. There was also positive significant correlation between Chitotriosidase and Fasting blood glucose, 2 h p.p,HBA1C, cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides, BMI and W/H Conclusion serum chitotriosidase can be used as predictble marker for diabetic vasculopathy.

scholarly journals Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome Defined by IDF or Revised NCEP with Glycemic Control among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Saif-Ali ◽  
Nor Azmi Kamaruddin ◽  
Molham AL-Habori ◽  
Sami A Al-Dubai ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Abstract Background Chronic complication of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) such as macrovascular disease is amplified with the increase in the number of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Specific criteria for diagnosis of MetS are essential to help in glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods The study is cross-sectional observational study which involved 485 T2D patients who are receiving treatment at the University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Metabolic syndrome among the T2D patients was diagnosed based on IDF and NCEP-R criteria. C-peptide and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined by an automated quantitative immunoassay analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The metabolic syndrome factors, glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometer Results Application of IDF and NCEP-R criteria respectively resulted in 73% and 85% of T2D subjects being diagnosed with MetS. The concordance of these criteria in diagnosing MetS among T2D was low (κ =0.33, P<0.001). Both IDF and NCEP-R criteria indicated that T2D with five criteria of MetS had higher insulin resistance (P=2.1×10-13, P=1.4×10-11), C-peptide (P=1.21×10-13; 4.1×10-11), blood glucose (P=0.01; 0.021) and HbA1c (P=0.039; 0.018) than those T2D without MetS respectively. Conclusion Although, there is a low concordance between IDF and NCEP-R criteria in the diagnosis of MetS among T2D, both criteria showed that T2D with five criteria of MetS had higher insulin resistance, blood glucose and HbA1c.

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

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