scholarly journals Class-Based Probability Estimation Using a Semantic Hierarchy

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Clark ◽  
David Weir
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Description Length ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Minimum Description Length Principle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Data Problem ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sparse Data Problem

This article concerns the estimation of a particular kind of probability, namely, the probability of a noun sense appearing as a particular argument of a predicate. In order to overcome the accompanying sparse-data problem, the proposal here is to define the probabilities in terms of senses from a semantic hierarchy and exploit the fact that the senses can be grouped into classes consisting of semantically similar senses. There is a particular focus on the problem of how to determine a suitable class for a given sense, or, alternatively, how to determine a suitable level of generalization in the hierarchy. A procedure is developed that uses a chi-square test to determine a suitable level of generalization. In order to test the performance of the estimation method, a pseudo-disambiguation task is used, together with two alternative estimation methods. Each method uses a different generalization procedure; the first alternative uses the minimum description length principle, and the second uses Resnik's measure of selectional preference. In addition, the performance of our method is investigated using both the standard Pearson chi-square statistic and the log-likelihood chi-square statistic.

scholarly journals Moments estimators and omnibus chi-square tests for some usual probability laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3061-3094
Author(s):  
Gorgui Gning ◽  
Aladji Babacar Niang ◽  
Modou Ngom ◽  
Gane Lo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moment Estimation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Gamma Law ◽  
The Moment

For many probability laws, in parametric models, the estimation of the parameters can be done in the frame of the maximum likelihood method, or in the frame of moment estimation methods, or by using the plug-in method, etc. Usually, for estimating more than one parameter, the same frame is used. We focus on the moment estimation method in this paper. We use the instrumental tool of the functional empirical process (fep) in Lo (2016) to show how it is practical to derive, almost algebraically, the joint distribution Gaussian law and to derive omnibus chi-square asymptotic laws from it. We choose four distributions to illustrate the method (Gamma law, beta law, Uniform law and Fisher law) and completely describe the asymptotic laws of the moment estimators whenever possible. Simulations studies are performed to investigate for each case the smallest sizes for which the obtained statistical tests are recommendable. Generally, the omnibus chi-square test proposed here work fine with sample sizes around fifty.

scholarly journals Expanded Fréchet Model: Mathematical Properties, Copula, Different Estimation Methods, Applications and Validation Testing

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Mukhtar M. Salah ◽  
M. El-Morshedy ◽  
M. S. Eliwa ◽  
Haitham M. Yousof
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Least Square Estimation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
The Right

The extreme value theory is expanded by proposing and studying a new version of the Fréchet model. Some new bivariate type extensions using Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern copula, modified Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern copula, Clayton copula, and Renyi’s entropy copula are derived. After a quick study for its properties, different non-Bayesian estimation methods under uncensored schemes are considered, such as the maximum likelihood estimation method, Anderson–Darling estimation method, ordinary least square estimation method, Cramér–von-Mises estimation method, weighted least square estimation method, left-tail Anderson–Darling estimation method, and right-tail Anderson–Darling estimation method. Numerical simulations were performed for comparing the estimation methods using different sample sizes for three different combinations of parameters. The Barzilai–Borwein algorithm was employed via a simulation study. Three applications were presented for measuring the flexibility and the importance of the new model for comparing the competitive distributions under the uncensored scheme. Using the approach of the Bagdonavicius–Nikulin goodness-of-fit test for validation under the right censored data, we propose a modified chi-square goodness-of-fit test for the new model. The modified goodness-of-fit statistic test was applied for the right censored real data set, called leukemia free-survival times for autologous transplants. Based on the maximum likelihood estimators on initial data, the modified goodness-of-fit test recovered the loss in information while the grouping data and followed chi-square distributions. All elements of the modified goodness-of-fit criteria tests are explicitly derived and given.

scholarly journals Getting rid of the Chi-square and Log-likelihood tests for analysing vocabulary differences between corpora

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bestgen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
British English ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Log-likelihood and Chi-square tests are probably the most popular statistical tests used in corpus linguistics, especially when the research is aiming to describe the lexical variations between corpora. However, because this specific use of the Chi-square test is not valid, it produces far too many significant results. This paper explains the source of the problem (i.e., the non-independence of the observations), the reasons for which the usual solutions are not acceptable and which kinds of statistical test should be used instead. A corpus analysis conducted on the lexical differences between American and British English is then reported, in order to demonstrate the problem and to confirm the adequacy of the proposed solution. The last section presents the commands that can be used with WordSmith Tools, a very popular software for corpus processing, to obtain the necessary data for the adequate tests, as well as a very easy-to-use procedure in R, a free and easy to install statistical software, that performs these tests.

Hubungan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terdapat Pelayanan Gizi dengan Sisa Makanan Pasien VIP di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Bernadeth Dwi Wahyunani ◽  
Joko Susilo ◽  
Lastmi Wayansari
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plate Waste ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Test

  Background: The success of food service at hospitals could be viewed from patient’s satisfaction. Assessing patient’s satisfaction is one effective, less costly and easy way in maintaining the quality of hospital services. Another indicator of hospital food service quality is the plate waste. The large amount of the plate wasteshows patient’s inadequate nutrient intake and economically speaking it shows waste of resources. Objective: The objective of the research was to gain insight into patient’s level of satisfaction, patient’s plate wasteand the correlation betweenpatient’s level of satisfaction toward food service with the plate waste at the VIP ward at PantiRapih Hospital, Yogyakarta. Method: The research was ananalytical cross-sectional one whose respondents were hospitalized patients in VIP ward and were administered a regular diet (n=50). The data of the plate waste was obtained using visual estimation method by a-6 point scale as developed by Comstock. Patient’s satisfaction toward the food services included taste of food, menu variation, cleanliness and perfection on cutlery, tardiness, staff’s appearance and nutrient education. The data was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: 62% of the respondents were female with the average age of 35. 65% of the respondents had good average ofplate waste. The average plate waste was 24.62%. Breakfast had the highest average of plate waste. It was 31.42%. The type of food with the highest average of plate waste was staple food. It was 35.62%. Patient’s level of satisfaction toward food service was 56%. Conclusion: The statistical analysis using chi-square test did not show any correlation between patient’s level of satisfaction toward food service with patient’splate waste at the VIP ward of PantiRapih Hospital, Yogyakarta.   Keywords: plate waste, patient’s satisfaction, Comstock’s visual estimation method, regular diet  

Hubungan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terdapat Pelayanan Gizi dengan Sisa Makanan Pasien VIP di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Bernadeth Dwi Wahyunani ◽  
Joko Susilo ◽  
Latsmi Wayansari
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plate Waste ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The success of food service at hospitals could be viewed from patient’s satisfaction. Assessing patient’s satisfaction is one effective, less costly and easy way in maintaining the quality of hospital services. Another indicator of hospital food service quality is the plate waste. The large amount of the plate wasteshows patient’s inadequate nutrient intake and economically speaking it shows waste of resources. Objective: The objective of the research was to gain insight into patient’s level of satisfaction, patient’s plate wasteand the correlation betweenpatient’s level of satisfaction toward food service with the plate waste at the VIP ward at PantiRapih Hospital, Yogyakarta. Method: The research was ananalytical cross-sectional one whose respondents were hospitalized patients in VIP ward and were administered a regular diet (n=50). The data of the plate waste was obtained using visual estimation method by a-6 point scale as developed by Comstock. Patient’s satisfaction toward the food services included taste of food, menu variation, cleanliness and perfection on cutlery, tardiness, staff’s appearance and nutrient education. The data was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: 62% of the respondents were female with the average age of 35. 65% of the respondents had good average ofplate waste. The average plate waste was 24.62%. Breakfast had the highest average of plate waste. It was 31.42%. The type of food with the highest average of plate waste was staple food. It was 35.62%. Patient’s level of satisfaction toward food service was 56%. Conclusion: The statistical analysis using chi-square test did not show any correlation between patient’s level of satisfaction toward food service with patient’splate waste at the VIP ward of PantiRapih Hospital, Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals Bayes and Non-Bayes Estimation Methods for the Parameter of Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Bayes Estimator ◽  
Bayes Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Likelihood Estimator ◽  
Chi Square

In this paper, point estimation for parameter ? of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution has been investigated by using simulation technique, to estimate the parameter by two sections methods; the first section includes Non-Bayesian estimation methods, such as (Maximum Likelihood estimator method, and Moment estimator method), while the second section includes standard Bayesian estimation method, using two different priors (Inverse Chi-Square and Jeffrey) such as (standard Bayes estimator, and Bayes estimator based on Jeffrey's prior). Comparisons among these methods were made by employing mean square error measure. Simulation technique for different sample sizes has been used to compare between these methods.

On “A mutual information estimator with exponentially decaying bias” by Zhang and Zheng

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Zhang ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Asymptotic Normality ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Nonparametric Estimator ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Testing Independence ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Random Elements ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Do So

Abstract Zhang, Z. and Zheng, L. (2015): “A mutual information estimator with exponentially decaying bias,” Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol., 14, 243–252, proposed a nonparametric estimator of mutual information developed in entropic perspective, and demonstrated that it has much smaller bias than the plugin estimator yet with the same asymptotic normality under certain conditions. However it is incorrectly suggested in their article that the asymptotic normality could be used for testing independence between two random elements on a joint alphabet. When two random elements are independent, the asymptotic distribution of $\sqrt{n}$-normed estimator degenerates and therefore the claimed normality does not hold. This article complements Zhang and Zheng by establishing a new chi-square test using the same entropic statistics for mutual information being zero. The three examples in Zhang and Zheng are re-worked using the new test. The results turn out to be much more sensible and further illustrate the advantage of the entropic perspective in statistical inference on alphabets. More specifically in Example 2, when a positive mutual information is known to exist, the new test detects it but the log likelihood ratio test fails to do so.

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

FAKTOR PERSONAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PERAWAT RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Asfri Sri Rahmadeni
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="Normal1"><em>Commitment is the attitude or behavior of likes or dislikes shown by someone against the organization at work. Indonesia is recorded as a nurse who has a low organizational commitment (76%) so it harms services. This phenomenon in the hospital can be seen from the indicator of the high turnover rate of nurses which reaches 30.9% which exceeds the standard &lt;5%. Many factors affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Personal Factors Associated with Organizational Commitment of Hospital Nurses. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study and purposive sampling technique with a sample of 59 nurses. Chi-Square test results obtained personal factors that have a relationship with organizational commitment Nurse Hospital is age with p = 0,000 and education with p = 0,000, personal factors not related to organizational commitment are gender p = 1,053 and years of service with p = 1,147. Hospitals should conduct research/surveys on Organizational Commitment periodically as an evaluation material in the context of the organization's development and development in the future</em>.</p>

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and   (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

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