“One Hand Can't Clap”: Guyana and North Korea, 1974–1985

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moe Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
South American ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Kim Il Sung ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Political Economic

In a little-known episode of the Cold War that challenges many common assumptions, North Korea forged extensive political, economic, military and cultural relations with the small South American-Caribbean coastal state of Guyana in the 1970s and 1980s. During this time, Guyana was ruled by an authoritarian socialist regime under Forbes Burbham, whose unorthodox conception of “socialism” was viewed skeptically by Communist countries other than North Korea. Burnham's program of “co-operative socialism,” which envisaged a population strictly obedient to his own wishes as the supreme leader, was distinctly similar to the juche philosophy espoused by the long-time North Korean dictator, Kim Il-Sung. Burnham deeply admired North Korea's economic and military “achievements,” attributing them to the strict obedience of the North Korean populace to the wishes of Kim Il-Sung. Burnham envisaged a similar role for himself in Guyana and attempted to import various North Korean approaches to socialist education and culture. Guyana came to resemble North Korea in some important respects, but it gradually moved away from this pattern after Burnham's death in 1985.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Security Architecture of North East Asia

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Michael J Kelly ◽  
Sean Watts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cold War

In the aftermath of the Cold War, many began to question the continuing efficacy, or at least call for reform, of collective security structures such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United Nations Security Council. Yet, North East Asia never enjoyed a formal, institutionalised collective security structure. As Russia and the United States recede and China emerges in North East Asia, this article questions whether now is the time to consider such an arrangement. Financially, Japan and South Korea are locked into a symbiotic relationship with China (as is the United States), while the government in Beijing continues to militarise and lay territorial and maritime claims to large areas of the region. Moreover, the regime in North Korea, with its new nuclear capabilities, remains unpredictable. Consequently, central components to the question of collective security in North East Asia are the equally vexing questions of what to do about North Korea and whether a new formalised security arrangement would include or exclude the People's Republic of China.

scholarly journals Reflections on the True Reality of Kim Il-Sung

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
Joong-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Kim Il Sung ◽  
Police Station ◽  
The North ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Trend

As the social trend to learn more about North Korea grows, the person and past career of Kim Il-Sung have been thrown into controversy. In this context, Kim Il-Sung's anti-Japanese guerilla activities in Manchuria focused on the raid of Pochonbo Police Station and who is the leader of the Sixth Division of the Anti-Japanese United Army. Also, this article compared two groups of scholars, that is, proKim who is positive side of Kim's Identity and conKim who denied Kim's past to the North Korea's claims. It has been demonstrated conclusively that many anti-Japanese activists used the name of General Kim Il-Sung and the present Kim Il-Sung in North Korea must be one of them. And Kim Il-Sung's anti-Japanese activities were not revolutionary armed resistances but rathcr small scale guerilla activities.

South American-Archaic Relations: Additional Comment

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Focused Attention ◽  
South American ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Additional Comment ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
South American Continent

In a recent note Baerreis (1950) has given critical amplification to the question of possible cultural relations between the southeastern United States Archaic and the archaeologically known culture, or cultures, of the lower Parana River, Argentina. A paper of my own (Willey, 1949), on which Baerreis centers his discussion, focused attention on the Caribbean area and the north of the South American continent, giving only brief mention to interesting southeastern resemblances which may be found along the Parana and in the Sambaquis of southern Brazil. I agree that Baerreis has strengthened the case for cultural connections over and beyond the casual comments which I or others have offered.

THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNIST BLOC IN THE ILO DURING THE COLD WAR – SELECTED ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (XX) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Łucja Kobroń-Gąsiorowska
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Key Questions

In this article, from a multidisciplinary point of view, key questions were raised that defined how the bloc of communist countries had an impact on the International Labor Organization. The author believes that the role of communist countries in the ILO depended not only on the international political, economic and social context of the time, but also on the field of globalized labor history and relations of international organizations. The starting point of this article is the central hypothesis that the concept of protecting employees and the rights of employers has always been presented from the point of view of the „bloc” of capitalist states, without reference to the role of communist states.

scholarly journals Disaster Diplomacy of South Korea toward North Korea as Efforts to Create Peace in the Korean Peninsula (2017 – 2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fawwaz Syafiq Rizqullah ◽  
Luna Tristofa ◽  
Devia Farida Ramadhanti
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Positive Peace ◽  
The Cold War

This paper aims to analyze the reason why South Korea as a North Korea rival in the Koreanpeninsula willing to give aid toward North Korea. The tension in Korean peninsula has happened since a long time ago especially after the cold war between USA & USSR. The conflict event become worst because of North Korea always threatening South Korea by testing the Nuclear missile. Despite of what North Korea done in the region, South Korea still gave abundance of aid in term of health assistance, food, and others basis of human necessity. By using qualitative approach and collecting data from credible literature resource and using the concept of disaster diplomacy this research found that South Korea has special type in term of conflict resolution, South Korea often using soft diplomacy and negotiation in order to creating peace. South Korea also believe positive peace diplomacy should be implementing in order make better condition in Korean peninsula. This research also believe that the actor has a big impact in successfully to support better condition between both countries and strengthening the relation. Lastly, this paper proof if in order to win in some competition not always using hard diplomacy or military power.

Trouble Brewing: The North Korean Famine of 1954–1955 and Soviet Attitudes toward North Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Andrei Lankov
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Kim Il Sung ◽  
The North

This article, based on newly available materials from the former Soviet archives, deals with the famine that struck a large part of the North Korean countryside in the winter of 1954–1955. The famine was related to the policies of crash industrialization and collectivization favored by Kim Il-sung—or at least, this is how many contemporaries, including Soviet diplomats, saw it. The famine, mentioned only once in openly available publications of the period, sparked political instability and prompted the urgent delivery of food assistance from the USSR and China. Soviet leaders, seeing the famine as another sign of the dangerous trends of Kim Il-Sung's policies, gave Pyongyang strong “advice,” demanding a moderation of policies and partial halt of the collectivization drive. The “advice” was followed, but the entire confrontation contributed to the further buildup of tensions between Moscow and Kim Il-Sung.

scholarly journals SOCIOECONOMIC ABUSE: FROM GOVERNMENT MISHAP TO SYSTEMETIC FAILURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Su Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Refugees ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Focus

ABSTRACT   The tragic stories of poverty, famine, and the systematic abuse of citizens by the government in North Korea are all too common. In fact, for millions of children in North Korea today, these are recurring themes. The exploitation of underage children—forced into labor and given minimal to no payments—is common. These children are placed in vulnerable situations and exploited by the very government which should be protecting them.             Kim Jong Un, the Supreme Leader, is a perfect example of how dictators often exploit citizens to maintain power, by violating human rights and suppressing freedom. Today, the world is only aware of the modernized Pyongyang, but do they really know what is behind the façade of luxury?             The aim of this paper is to investigate the harsh reality of the exploitation taking place inside North Korea. Secondary sources are the main method of investigation, as well as information taken directly from personal testimonies given by North Korean refugees. Compared to what has been portrayed in the mass media, the true picture of North Korea’s situation is unbearable. I was able to glean insight into the North Korean regime that has abused its powers through a cascade of systematic measures that suppress and oppress its citizens from attaining communal benefits of society. This research summarizes research goals which identifies specific ways through which North Korea has exercised its abusive power over its citizens – through child labor, “virgin school girls”, state-wide propaganda, etc. While the primary focus of this article is to shed light on the prevalent abuse found inside North Korea, it also attempts to address a much broader question pertinent to general human nature: “Does human nature allow power to lead to corruption?”

scholarly journals PENGAYAAN SENJATA NUKLIR SEBAGAI MODAL EKONOMI KOREA UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 212-231
Author(s):  
Theofilus Jose Setiawan ◽  
Maria Sukmaniara ◽  
Jain Komboy ◽  
Darynaufal Mulyaman
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
North And South

The purpose of the paper is to analyze North Korea's efforts to obtain economic capital through the enrichment of nuclear weapons amid the various sanctions imposed on it. This paper uses a constructivism approach in accordance in term of give arguments regarding North Korea's struggle to gain economic capital is an all-out struggle. Since the communist regime took control of North Korea, North and South Korea have continued to conflict to this day. Supported by the Soviet Union and aided by China during the Cold War era, North Korea was still able to survive. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and China's lack initiatives from helping North Korea, the North Korean economy worsened. In this paper, we found that North Korea used its nuclear capability as a bargaining chip to get what it wanted, especially for economic reasons.

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