Visuo-tactile Integration in Personal Space

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Longo ◽  
Jason Jiri Musil ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tactile Integration

Integration of information across sensory modalities is enhanced when stimuli in both modalities are in the same location. This “spatial rule” of multisensory integration has been primarily studied in humans by comparing stimuli located either in the same versus opposite side of the body midline or in peripersonal versus extrapersonal space, both of which involve large, categorical differences in spatial location. Here we used psychophysics and ERPs to investigate visuo-tactile integration in personal space (i.e., on the skin surface). We used the mirror box technique to manipulate the congruence of visual and tactile information about which finger on either the right or left hand had been touched. We observed clear compatibility effects for both visual and tactile judgments of which finger on the left hand had been touched. No such effects, however, were found for judgments about the right hand. ERP data showed a similar pattern. Amplitude of the vertex P200 potential was enhanced and that of the N2 was reduced for congruent visuo-tactile events on the left, but not the right, hand. Similarly, a later positivity over posterior parietal cortices (P300) showed contralateral enhancement for congruent visuo-tactile events on both the left and right hands. These results provide clear evidence for spatial constraints on visuo-tactile integration defined in personal space and also reveal clear lateralization of these effects. Furthermore, these results link these “ultraprecise” spatial constraints to processing in the right posterior parietal cortex.

Modulation of Cortical Activity During Different Imitative Behaviors

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Koski ◽  
Marco Iacoboni ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Dubeau ◽  
Roger P. Woods ◽  
John C. Mazziotta
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Imitation is a basic form of motor learning during development. We have a preference to imitate the actions of others as if looking in a mirror (specular imitation: i.e., when the actor moves the left hand, the imitator moves the right hand) rather than with the anatomically congruent hand (anatomic imitation: i.e., actor and imitator both moving the right hand). We hypothesized that this preference reflects changes in activity in previously described frontoparietal cortical areas involved in directly matching observed and executed actions (mirror neuron areas). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity in normal volunteers imitating left and right hand movements with their right hand. Bilateral inferior frontal and right posterior parietal cortex were more active during specular imitation compared with anatomic imitation and control motor tasks. Furthermore this same pattern of activity was also observed in the rostral part of the supplementary motor area (SMA-proper) of the right hemisphere. These findings suggest that the degree of involvement of frontoparietal mirror areas in imitation depends on the nature of the imitative behavior, ruling out a linguistic mediation of these areas in imitation. Moreover, activity in the SMA appears to be tightly coupled to frontoparietal mirror areas when subjects copy the actions of others.

scholarly journals Realization of Low Profile Leaky Wave Antennas Using the Bending Technique for Frequency Scanning and Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kandwal ◽  
Zedong Nie ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Louis W. Y. Liu ◽  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leaky Wave ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Frequency Scanning ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ku Band

This paper proposes an efficient transmission line modulation by using the bending technique to realize low profile leaky wave antennas in the Ku-band for frequency scanning and sensor applications. The paper focuses mainly on the bending effects of the transmission line in terms of the sharpness of edges. The right-hand/left-hand transmission line can be designed in the form of zig-zag pattern with sharp corners and only the right-hand transmission line in the form of sinusoidal patterns with smooth corners. In this presentation, we demonstrate that transmission lines of this kind can be used to realize highly efficient leaky wave antennas with broadband impedance matching and high gain characteristics in the Ku-band. Dispersion analysis and ladder network analysis have been performed for investigating the performance of the proposed designs. The sharpness of the bends periodically distributed along the body of the antenna has been used to our advantage for frequency scanning in the left-hand and right-hand quadrants at different frequencies. The proposed bending technique has been proven to be instrumental in achieving the desired characteristics of low profile leaky wave antennas.

S–R Compatibilities Depend on Eccentricity of Responding Hand

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire F. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Midline ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Action System ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Bauer and Miller (1982) demonstrated that when responding on the body midline with the right hand, subjects react faster when the pairing between horizontally oriented stimuli (an X to the left or right of fixation) and vertically oriented responses (an up or down finger movement) is left–down, right–up (“anti-clockwise”) but when responding with the left hand, the converse pairing was faster. The present experiments tested whether those preferences held for responses other than on the body midline. Unimanual reaction times for clockwise and anti-clockwise S–R pairings were determined for both hands at the midline and 30 and 60 cm to the left or right. Hand position determined both the direction and extent of the compatibility preference; at eccentric positions the right hand preferred clockwise pairings and the left anticlockwise, the converse of that found by Bauer and Miller. The results extend Bauer and Miller's finding, raise problems for theories of S–R compatibility, and further reveal that the state of the action system “sets up” perception.

Note on Two Archaistic Reliefs in Oxford

1930 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
J. D. Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Miss Hutton's valuable article on the archaistic reliefs in Oxford contains two errors, which may as well be corrected at once. The first was pointed out to me by Mr. W. H. Buckler. Of the left-hand nymph in the representation of Pan teased, Miss Hutton writes that the artist ‘twisted the upper portion of her body round into a three-quarters frontal position, which he balanced by flinging the right arm back to fill the empty space behind the body. There is therefore no physical contact between the first nymph and Pan.’ As a matter of fact she was grasping the end of Pan's leopard-skin with her right hand, just as in the other reliefs with the same subject, and swinging not her right but her left arm back.The second slip is in the account of the Rhodian nymph relief. According to Miss Hutton, ‘the whole surface has been so much rubbed down to conceal damage that the right-hand figure, whose heavy peplos had originally a pleated kolpos with swallow-tail points, appears to be clad in a transparent veil over an equally transparent tunic.’

scholarly journals Case Report: Deep Cerebellar Stimulation for Tremor and Dystonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Horisawa ◽  
Kotaro Kohara ◽  
Taku Nonaka ◽  
Tatsuki Mochizuki ◽  
Takakazu Kawamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

Background: The cerebellum plays an important role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of movement disorders, including tremor and dystonia. To date, there have been few reports on deep cerebellar stimulation.Case Report: The patient was a 35-year-old previously healthy man with no history of movement disorders. He developed a tremor and stiffness in his left hand at the age of 27 years, which was diagnosed as a dystonic tremor. We performed right thalamotomy, which resulted in a complete resolution of the tremor; however, the dystonia persisted. Subsequently, the patient developed left foot dystonia with inversion and a newly developed tremor in the right hand and foot. The patient underwent left ventralis intermedius (VIM) deep brain stimulation (VIM-DBS) and left pallidothalamic tract DBS (PTT-DBS). Left VIM-DBS completely resolved the right hand and foot tremor, and PTT-DBS significantly improved the left hand and foot dystonia. Three months postoperatively, the patient developed an infection and wound disruption at the surgical site. We performed palliative surgery for deep cerebellar stimulation via the posterior cranial region, which was not infected. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia with the patient lying in the prone position. Eight contact DBS electrodes were used. The placement of electrodes extended from the superior cerebellar peduncle to the dentate nucleus. Both the right hand and foot tremor improved with right cerebellar stimulation. Further, both the left hand and foot dystonia improved with left cerebellar stimulation. Right and left cerebellar stimulation led to no improvement in the left hand and foot dystonia and right hand and foot tremor, respectively. Stimulation-induced complications observed in the patient included dizziness, dysphagia, and dysarthria. After the surgery, the patient developed hypersalivation and hyperhidrosis in the left side of the body, both of which did not improve with adjustments of stimulation parameters. At the 6-month follow-up, the tremor and dystonia had almost completely resolved.Conclusion: Deep cerebellar stimulation deserves consideration as a potential treatment for tremor and dystonia.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF DIGIT LENGTHS AND DIGIT RATIOS OFVITILIGO SUBJECTS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 907-911
Author(s):  
Gwunireama I.U. ◽  
◽  
Ogoun T.R. ◽  
Adheke O.M. ◽  
Wariboko L.I. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder that is caused by a loss of melanocytes, characterized by white spots around certain parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between digit length, digit (2D:4D) ratio and vitiligo among vitiligo patients within a south-southern Nigeria. Informed consents were obtained from 98 vitiligo adult subjects (69 females and 29 males) in the age range of 18 – 50 years. The measurements that were obtained were the digit lengths of second and fourth fingers for both hands using the digital vernier caliper. The mean and standard deviation values were calculated for all measurements. A Pearson correlation was used to analyse the relationship between the various measurements for both hands in the study. Results showed that the mean ± standard deviation of the various parameters for the female category. Right 2D length was 6.67± 7.53cm, left 2D length was 6.68 ± 7.32cm, right 4D length and left 4D length were 6.86 ± 8.57cm and 6.89 ± 8.50cm respectively. While, the mean and standard deviation values for right and left 2D:4D ratios for the female category were 0.98 ± 0.15 and 0.98 ± 0.12 respectively. In the males, right 2D length was 6.66 ± 9.66cm, left 2D length was 6.64 ± 9.86cm, right 4D length and left 4D length were 6.99 ± 10.09cm and 7.03± 10.40cm respectively. While, the mean and standard deviation values for right and left 2D:4D ratios for the male category were 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.95 ± 0.03 respectively. In the females for the right hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.761, p = 0.000) while there was a significant negative correlation between 4D length and digit ratio (r = -0.473, p = 0.000) at p < 0.01. For the left hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.783, p = 0.000). In the males for the right hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.976, p = 0.000). For the left hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.981, p = 0.000).It can be concluded that the knowledge of 2D:4D ratio among vitiligosubjects could be helpful in clinical anthropometry however, more research has to be done considering that the sample size of this study is relatively small.

scholarly journals Overdrinking, swallowing inhibition, and regional brain responses prior to swallowing

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12274-12279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Saker ◽  
Michael J. Farrell ◽  
Gary F. Egan ◽  
Michael J. McKinley ◽  
Derek A. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
The Right

In humans, drinking replenishes fluid loss and satiates the sensation of thirst that accompanies dehydration. Typically, the volume of water drunk in response to thirst matches the deficit. Exactly how this accurate metering is achieved is unknown; recent evidence implicates swallowing inhibition as a potential factor. Using fMRI, this study investigated whether swallowing inhibition is present after more water has been drunk than is necessary to restore fluid balance within the body. This proposal was tested using ratings of swallowing effort and measuring regional brain responses as participants prepared to swallow small volumes of liquid while they were thirsty and after they had overdrunk. Effort ratings provided unequivocal support for swallowing inhibition, with a threefold increase in effort after overdrinking, whereas addition of 8% (wt/vol) sucrose to water had minimal effect on effort before or after overdrinking. Regional brain responses when participants prepared to swallow showed increases in the motor cortex, prefrontal cortices, posterior parietal cortex, striatum, and thalamus after overdrinking, relative to thirst. Ratings of swallowing effort were correlated with activity in the right prefrontal cortex and pontine regions in the brainstem; no brain regions showed correlated activity with pleasantness ratings. These findings are all consistent with the presence of swallowing inhibition after excess water has been drunk. We conclude that swallowing inhibition is an important mechanism in the overall regulation of fluid intake in humans.

scholarly journals Statuette of Athenè Parthenos

1881 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. T. Newton
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

The recent discovery of a copy in marble of the chryselephantine statue of Athenè Parthenos, by Pheidias, has already led to the publication of several memoirs, the most recent of which by Michaelis has anticipated much that I had intended to say here. There are, however, certain points which seem to me still open to discussion. The statuette, as I have already stated in the Academy, is 1·05 metre, or rather more than 3 feet 4 inches high, inclusive of the base, and 93 centimeters without it. It represents the goddess armed with a helmet and aegis; her left hand rests on her shield set edgeways, her right hand advanced sustains a figure of Victory, her left leg is slightly bent, so that the weight of the body rests on the right leg. The goddess is clad in a talaric chiton, without sleeves, over which is an upper fold or garment falling in rich pteryges down the right side.

Behavioral Evidence for the Cutaneous Expression Of Emotion in a Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes)

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 979-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leavens ◽  
William Hopkins ◽  
Filippo Aureli
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
The Right

AbstractSelf-directed behaviors (SDBs) are behavioral indicators of stress, but have received relatively little experimental scrutiny. The present study reports the distribution of SDBs in a 14-year-old male chimpanzee in relation to performance on a matching-to-sample task of varying difficulty. The rate of rubbing behaviors (self-touching with the hand without any raking motion of the fingernails) was positively correlated with performance, whereas scratching rates were negatively correlated with performance. SDBs were displayed predominantly with the left hand during sessions of high performance (low task difficulty), with a shift toward the right hand during sessions of low performance (high task difficulty). SDBs were exhibited relatively more with the right hand after incorrect responses (and secondary negative reinforcer) than after correct responses (and secondary positive reinforcer). Rubs directed to the face were displayed relatively more often to the right side after incorrect responses, compared to rubs displayed after correct responses, whereas scratching was directed relatively more often to the left side of the body after incorrect responses, compared to scratching displayed after correct responses. Rough scratching was displayed more quickly after auditory feedback on performance than were rubs or gentle scratches. Rubs were directed more to the face (trigeminal) and scratches more to the body (spinothalamic). Taken together, these results suggest that there may be asymmetrical central nervous system processing of negative emotion by chimpanzees during cognitive tasks.

Integration of Target and Effector Information in Human Posterior Parietal Cortex for the Planning of Action

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pieter Medendorp ◽  
Herbert C. Goltz ◽  
J. Douglas Crawford ◽  
Tutis Vilis
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Pointing Movements ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right

Recently, using event-related functional MRI (fMRI), we located a bilateral region in the human posterior parietal cortex (retIPS) that topographically represents and updates targets for saccades and pointing movements in eye-centered coordinates. To generate movements, this spatial information must be integrated with the selected effector. We now tested whether the activation in retIPS is dependent on the hand selected. Using 4-T fMRI, we compared the activation produced by movements, using either eyes or the left or right hand, to targets presented either leftward or rightward of central fixation. The majority of the regions activated during saccades were also activated during pointing movements, including occipital, posterior parietal, and premotor cortex. The topographic retIPS region was activated more strongly for saccades than for pointing. The activation associated with pointing was significantly greater when pointing with the unseen hand to targets ipsilateral to the hand. For example, although there was activation in the left retIPS when pointing to targets on the right with the left hand, the activation was significantly greater when using the right hand. The mirror symmetric effect was observed in the right retIPS. Similar hand preferences were observed in a nearby anterior occipital region. This effector specificity is consistent with previous clinical and behavioral studies showing that each hand is more effective in directing movements to targets in ipsilateral visual space. We conclude that not only do these regions code target location, but they also appear to integrate target selection with effector selection.

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