scholarly journals Case Report: Deep Cerebellar Stimulation for Tremor and Dystonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Horisawa ◽  
Kotaro Kohara ◽  
Taku Nonaka ◽  
Tatsuki Mochizuki ◽  
Takakazu Kawamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

Background: The cerebellum plays an important role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of movement disorders, including tremor and dystonia. To date, there have been few reports on deep cerebellar stimulation.Case Report: The patient was a 35-year-old previously healthy man with no history of movement disorders. He developed a tremor and stiffness in his left hand at the age of 27 years, which was diagnosed as a dystonic tremor. We performed right thalamotomy, which resulted in a complete resolution of the tremor; however, the dystonia persisted. Subsequently, the patient developed left foot dystonia with inversion and a newly developed tremor in the right hand and foot. The patient underwent left ventralis intermedius (VIM) deep brain stimulation (VIM-DBS) and left pallidothalamic tract DBS (PTT-DBS). Left VIM-DBS completely resolved the right hand and foot tremor, and PTT-DBS significantly improved the left hand and foot dystonia. Three months postoperatively, the patient developed an infection and wound disruption at the surgical site. We performed palliative surgery for deep cerebellar stimulation via the posterior cranial region, which was not infected. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia with the patient lying in the prone position. Eight contact DBS electrodes were used. The placement of electrodes extended from the superior cerebellar peduncle to the dentate nucleus. Both the right hand and foot tremor improved with right cerebellar stimulation. Further, both the left hand and foot dystonia improved with left cerebellar stimulation. Right and left cerebellar stimulation led to no improvement in the left hand and foot dystonia and right hand and foot tremor, respectively. Stimulation-induced complications observed in the patient included dizziness, dysphagia, and dysarthria. After the surgery, the patient developed hypersalivation and hyperhidrosis in the left side of the body, both of which did not improve with adjustments of stimulation parameters. At the 6-month follow-up, the tremor and dystonia had almost completely resolved.Conclusion: Deep cerebellar stimulation deserves consideration as a potential treatment for tremor and dystonia.

Bilateral Opponens Replacement in Post Polio Thenar Paralysis, Using Different Techniques. A Case Report.

HAND ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol os-15 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Andersen ◽  
J. W. Brandsma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Abductor Digiti Minimi ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

A patient is presented with bilateral thenar paralysis, due to poliomyelitis. On the right hand a successful abductor digiti minimi transfer was performed. On the left hand weakness of the hypothenar muscles prevented a good result. Subsequently an opponens replacement, using flexor digitorum superficialis from the ring finger, yielded a good result.

scholarly journals Realization of Low Profile Leaky Wave Antennas Using the Bending Technique for Frequency Scanning and Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kandwal ◽  
Zedong Nie ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Louis W. Y. Liu ◽  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leaky Wave ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Frequency Scanning ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ku Band

This paper proposes an efficient transmission line modulation by using the bending technique to realize low profile leaky wave antennas in the Ku-band for frequency scanning and sensor applications. The paper focuses mainly on the bending effects of the transmission line in terms of the sharpness of edges. The right-hand/left-hand transmission line can be designed in the form of zig-zag pattern with sharp corners and only the right-hand transmission line in the form of sinusoidal patterns with smooth corners. In this presentation, we demonstrate that transmission lines of this kind can be used to realize highly efficient leaky wave antennas with broadband impedance matching and high gain characteristics in the Ku-band. Dispersion analysis and ladder network analysis have been performed for investigating the performance of the proposed designs. The sharpness of the bends periodically distributed along the body of the antenna has been used to our advantage for frequency scanning in the left-hand and right-hand quadrants at different frequencies. The proposed bending technique has been proven to be instrumental in achieving the desired characteristics of low profile leaky wave antennas.

scholarly journals Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thoracic T2 and T3 Sympathectomy in Palmar Hyperhidrosis: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef Mohammad Khalil ◽  
Joseph Makram Botros ◽  
Maged Labib Boules ◽  
Atef Kamel Salama ◽  
Safaa Gaber Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Palmar Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Hyperhidrosis is the maladjustment of excess sweating in specific parts of the body. Radiofrequency (RF) therapy has been successfully used to treat hyperhidrosis with a success rate of 85% - 95% in patients refractory to sympathectomy. The main hypothesis was the association between reduced palmar hyperhidrosis and radiofrequency RF therapy. The RF therapy is a less invasive technique, including the utilization of electromagnetic energy that is deposited near the nerve tissue. The mechanism of action of continuous RF could be explained by the destruction of afferent nerve fibers on their way from a nociceptive focus to the central nervous system. Pulsed RF was invented to explore this possibility, with the sole purpose of finding a less destructive and equally effective technique for the application of RF to afferent pathways. Herein, we further evaluated whether the procedure was safe without any complications in routine follow-up in palmar hyperhidrosis. Case Presentation: Herein, we report the case of a male patient with an age of 22 years undergoing thermal RF sympathectomy therapy of thoracic T2 and T3 sympathetic ganglia for the palmar hyperhidrosis of his right hand observed for 3 months. The patient developed a contraction of the flexor involving the small muscles of the right hand with severe pain and congestion 17 days after the procedure without any other complications. The contraction was relieved by a sonar-guided median nerve block at the wrist with two injections of 2 mL lidocaine 2% and 2 mL dexamethasone. Conclusions: This study has been the first clinical case report complicated by the development of a contraction of the flexor muscles of the right hand with severe pain and congestion. The spasm was gradually relieved by sonar-guided median nerve injection at the level of the wrist and intended to assess the role of RF ablation with a success rate of 85% - 95% in palmar hyperhidrosis.

S–R Compatibilities Depend on Eccentricity of Responding Hand

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire F. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Midline ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Action System ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Bauer and Miller (1982) demonstrated that when responding on the body midline with the right hand, subjects react faster when the pairing between horizontally oriented stimuli (an X to the left or right of fixation) and vertically oriented responses (an up or down finger movement) is left–down, right–up (“anti-clockwise”) but when responding with the left hand, the converse pairing was faster. The present experiments tested whether those preferences held for responses other than on the body midline. Unimanual reaction times for clockwise and anti-clockwise S–R pairings were determined for both hands at the midline and 30 and 60 cm to the left or right. Hand position determined both the direction and extent of the compatibility preference; at eccentric positions the right hand preferred clockwise pairings and the left anticlockwise, the converse of that found by Bauer and Miller. The results extend Bauer and Miller's finding, raise problems for theories of S–R compatibility, and further reveal that the state of the action system “sets up” perception.

Note on Two Archaistic Reliefs in Oxford

1930 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
J. D. Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Miss Hutton's valuable article on the archaistic reliefs in Oxford contains two errors, which may as well be corrected at once. The first was pointed out to me by Mr. W. H. Buckler. Of the left-hand nymph in the representation of Pan teased, Miss Hutton writes that the artist ‘twisted the upper portion of her body round into a three-quarters frontal position, which he balanced by flinging the right arm back to fill the empty space behind the body. There is therefore no physical contact between the first nymph and Pan.’ As a matter of fact she was grasping the end of Pan's leopard-skin with her right hand, just as in the other reliefs with the same subject, and swinging not her right but her left arm back.The second slip is in the account of the Rhodian nymph relief. According to Miss Hutton, ‘the whole surface has been so much rubbed down to conceal damage that the right-hand figure, whose heavy peplos had originally a pleated kolpos with swallow-tail points, appears to be clad in a transparent veil over an equally transparent tunic.’

Visuo-tactile Integration in Personal Space

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Longo ◽  
Jason Jiri Musil ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tactile Integration

Integration of information across sensory modalities is enhanced when stimuli in both modalities are in the same location. This “spatial rule” of multisensory integration has been primarily studied in humans by comparing stimuli located either in the same versus opposite side of the body midline or in peripersonal versus extrapersonal space, both of which involve large, categorical differences in spatial location. Here we used psychophysics and ERPs to investigate visuo-tactile integration in personal space (i.e., on the skin surface). We used the mirror box technique to manipulate the congruence of visual and tactile information about which finger on either the right or left hand had been touched. We observed clear compatibility effects for both visual and tactile judgments of which finger on the left hand had been touched. No such effects, however, were found for judgments about the right hand. ERP data showed a similar pattern. Amplitude of the vertex P200 potential was enhanced and that of the N2 was reduced for congruent visuo-tactile events on the left, but not the right, hand. Similarly, a later positivity over posterior parietal cortices (P300) showed contralateral enhancement for congruent visuo-tactile events on both the left and right hands. These results provide clear evidence for spatial constraints on visuo-tactile integration defined in personal space and also reveal clear lateralization of these effects. Furthermore, these results link these “ultraprecise” spatial constraints to processing in the right posterior parietal cortex.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF DIGIT LENGTHS AND DIGIT RATIOS OFVITILIGO SUBJECTS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 907-911
Author(s):  
Gwunireama I.U. ◽  
◽  
Ogoun T.R. ◽  
Adheke O.M. ◽  
Wariboko L.I. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder that is caused by a loss of melanocytes, characterized by white spots around certain parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between digit length, digit (2D:4D) ratio and vitiligo among vitiligo patients within a south-southern Nigeria. Informed consents were obtained from 98 vitiligo adult subjects (69 females and 29 males) in the age range of 18 – 50 years. The measurements that were obtained were the digit lengths of second and fourth fingers for both hands using the digital vernier caliper. The mean and standard deviation values were calculated for all measurements. A Pearson correlation was used to analyse the relationship between the various measurements for both hands in the study. Results showed that the mean ± standard deviation of the various parameters for the female category. Right 2D length was 6.67± 7.53cm, left 2D length was 6.68 ± 7.32cm, right 4D length and left 4D length were 6.86 ± 8.57cm and 6.89 ± 8.50cm respectively. While, the mean and standard deviation values for right and left 2D:4D ratios for the female category were 0.98 ± 0.15 and 0.98 ± 0.12 respectively. In the males, right 2D length was 6.66 ± 9.66cm, left 2D length was 6.64 ± 9.86cm, right 4D length and left 4D length were 6.99 ± 10.09cm and 7.03± 10.40cm respectively. While, the mean and standard deviation values for right and left 2D:4D ratios for the male category were 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.95 ± 0.03 respectively. In the females for the right hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.761, p = 0.000) while there was a significant negative correlation between 4D length and digit ratio (r = -0.473, p = 0.000) at p < 0.01. For the left hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.783, p = 0.000). In the males for the right hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.976, p = 0.000). For the left hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.981, p = 0.000).It can be concluded that the knowledge of 2D:4D ratio among vitiligosubjects could be helpful in clinical anthropometry however, more research has to be done considering that the sample size of this study is relatively small.

scholarly journals Unraveling the mysteries of the midbrain – A case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonai Alencar Rufino ◽  
Beatriz Girão Portela ◽  
Alan Alves de Lima Cidrão ◽  
Deborah Moreira Rangel ◽  
Vitor Araújo Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Abducens Palsy ◽  
Interstitial Nucleus Of Cajal ◽  
Nerve Fascicle ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
The Right

Context: The rostral midbrain and thalamomesencephalic junction are the supranuclear premotor control of vertical eye movements, and is supplied by the posterior thalamo-subthalamic paramedian artery originated from P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery. Case report: A 51-year-old man presented with sudden speech difficulties, dizziness and dyplopia, associated with moderate intensity headache. Neuroophthalmological examination revealed incomplete ptosis of the right eye, with mydriatic pupil, poorly reactive to light. No eye movements were present on attempted upward gaze. On attempted downward gaze, depression of the left eye was observed but with absent saccades. Lateral gaze to the right was intact, while attempted gaze deviation to the left revealed adduction deficit of the right eye with incomplete abduction of the left eye without nystagmus. Convergence was absent. He exhibited left hemiataxia with left hypoestesia. MRI showed acute right paramedian thalamic and mesencephalic stroke. Conclusions: About the vertical one and a half syndrome, it was suggested damage in the pathway to contralateral downgaze neurons before its decussation with the unilateral interstitial nucleus of Cajal. As for the contralateral lateral rectus palsy we infer that this patient’s abduction deficit was due to pseudo-abducens palsy, with several mechanisms that could explain abduction deficits associated with upgaze palsy. Claude’s syndrome is usually explained by a lesion of oculomotor nerve fascicle and the superior cerebellar peduncle, affecting cerebellothalamic connections.

scholarly journals Statuette of Athenè Parthenos

1881 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. T. Newton
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

The recent discovery of a copy in marble of the chryselephantine statue of Athenè Parthenos, by Pheidias, has already led to the publication of several memoirs, the most recent of which by Michaelis has anticipated much that I had intended to say here. There are, however, certain points which seem to me still open to discussion. The statuette, as I have already stated in the Academy, is 1·05 metre, or rather more than 3 feet 4 inches high, inclusive of the base, and 93 centimeters without it. It represents the goddess armed with a helmet and aegis; her left hand rests on her shield set edgeways, her right hand advanced sustains a figure of Victory, her left leg is slightly bent, so that the weight of the body rests on the right leg. The goddess is clad in a talaric chiton, without sleeves, over which is an upper fold or garment falling in rich pteryges down the right side.

Behavioral Evidence for the Cutaneous Expression Of Emotion in a Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes)

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 979-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leavens ◽  
William Hopkins ◽  
Filippo Aureli
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
The Right

AbstractSelf-directed behaviors (SDBs) are behavioral indicators of stress, but have received relatively little experimental scrutiny. The present study reports the distribution of SDBs in a 14-year-old male chimpanzee in relation to performance on a matching-to-sample task of varying difficulty. The rate of rubbing behaviors (self-touching with the hand without any raking motion of the fingernails) was positively correlated with performance, whereas scratching rates were negatively correlated with performance. SDBs were displayed predominantly with the left hand during sessions of high performance (low task difficulty), with a shift toward the right hand during sessions of low performance (high task difficulty). SDBs were exhibited relatively more with the right hand after incorrect responses (and secondary negative reinforcer) than after correct responses (and secondary positive reinforcer). Rubs directed to the face were displayed relatively more often to the right side after incorrect responses, compared to rubs displayed after correct responses, whereas scratching was directed relatively more often to the left side of the body after incorrect responses, compared to scratching displayed after correct responses. Rough scratching was displayed more quickly after auditory feedback on performance than were rubs or gentle scratches. Rubs were directed more to the face (trigeminal) and scratches more to the body (spinothalamic). Taken together, these results suggest that there may be asymmetrical central nervous system processing of negative emotion by chimpanzees during cognitive tasks.

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