scholarly journals Double “Class”. On the Popularization of Dr. Martens

Author(s):  
Arthur Crucq

In this paper processes of appropriation and commodification are discussed from the perspective of subcultures and their relation to class. Dr. Martens boots are discussed as a specific case-study. They were appropriated in the 1960s by British Skinheads to signify their working-classness. Besides being functional, design objects are apparently endowed with meaning and these can vary depending on different modes of appearance, on different styles. Today Dr. Martens, is primarily a fashion-item. This calls into question to what extent commercialization undermines the potential of design objects to be endowed with meaning. By critically discussing recent scholarly literature on subcultures and style I will explain how in recent decades the dynamics of the neo-liberal market economy with its emphasis on consumption, facilitated a further commodification of style-objects as desirable value-objects. What will be argued successively is that appropriation and commodification in late capitalist society might obscure but not obliterate the social realities of class that lie hidden beneath the flux of images in which we are engulfed today.

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Hartmann ◽  
Joseph Gerteis

Since the 1960s, a variety of new ways of addressing the challenges of diversity in American society have coalesced around the term “multiculturalism.” In this article, we impose some clarity on the theoretical debates that surround divergent visions of difference. Rethinking multiculturalism from a sociological point of view, we propose a model that distinguishes between the social (associational) and cultural (moral) bases for social cohesion in the context of diversity. The framework allows us to identify three distinct types of multiculturalism and situate them in relation to assimilationism, the traditional American response to difference. We discuss the sociological parameters and characteristics of each of these forms, attending to the strength of social boundaries as well as to the source of social ties. We then use our model to clarify a number of conceptual tensions in the existing scholarly literature and offer some observations about the politics of recognition and redistribution, and the recent revival of assimilationist thought.


2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN GREENER

This paper examines the social learning models of policy of Hall and May attempting to create a synthesis of the best elements of each. We then apply the revised model to three specific instances of macroeconomic policy in Britain; the introduction of ‘Keynesian-plus’ policy in the 1960s, the movement from Keynesianism to monetarism, and the experiment with monetarism in the 1980s. In each case study, the degree of policy change is assessed, and possible reasons for that level of change explored. We conclude that a more social constructionist approach is required to understand the link between policy instruments, indicators, and paradigms, and, alongside this, a greater need to understand the implications of the assumptions underlying policy.


Author(s):  
Randal F. Schnoor

Like other insular religious movements such as Hutterites and Amish, Hasidic communities are faced with the challenge of preserving their distinctive ideals in a technologically advanced, capitalist world. Studies done in the 1960s and 1970s documented the success of Hasidim in safeguarding their convictions and creating well-functioning communities in contemporary North America. Recent evidence has demonstrated, however, that unprecedented growth rates are presenting significant challenges to Hasidim trying to sustain their way of life. Focusing on a case-study of the Hasidic community of Outremont, a residential neighbourhood in central Montreal, this paper outlines the social and economic challenges facing the community and argues that, while some important changes have been implemented, there is a need to modify survival strategies further in order to maintain community viability.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Aisha Malik

First created in the context of state-controlled broadcast television of the 1960s, the Urdu serial drama form has proven enduringly popular in Pakistan. This article examines how institutional changes, including the appearance of nongovernmental organisations in this space, have altered the production and reception of these serial dramas and their thematic content, which has recently included such highly charged topics as sexual abuse, harassment and rape. First, I look at how transnationally funded content has impacted modes of production in a liberalised and deregulated Pakistani television industry. Second, I give a case study of the internationally funded drama serial Udaari as an example of agenda setting television intended to create public dialogue and galvanise change, to which I give the name feminist edutainment (FE) that intentionally recalls the form of entertainment education (EE) associated with the work of Miguel Sabido. Finally, I draw on my ethnographic research to argue that contemporary serial dramas, while engaging a domestic reception space primarily occupied by women, have expanded into the online space through the social media activism of feminist influencers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-169
Author(s):  
Marsha L. Richmond

The marriage of Sally Peris Hughes (1895–1984) and Franz Schrader (1891–1962) in November 1920 launched a highly successful scientific collaboration that lasted over four decades. The Schraders were avid naturalists, adroit experimentalists, and keen theoreticians, and both had long, productive, and fruitful careers in zoology. They offer an extraordinarily rich case study that provides an insightful view of the work carried out in several areas of the life sciences from the 1920s to the 1960s—fieldwork, cytology, cytogenetics, and entomology—as well as critical aspects of the social world of contemporary science. By focusing on the fieldwork the couple carried out in Mexico and Central America in the late 1920s and early 1930s, this paper seeks to illuminate how this collaborative scientific marriage embodies a collective, complex, and integrated personal and social arrangement that served to enhance both knowledge production and disciplinary development in several areas of science. It also reveals ways in which marriage could serve as a means to help both parties navigate and negotiate restrictive sociocultural norms and institutional arrangements in science involving gender, power, and authority in the early twentieth century.


Author(s):  
Daniel Oro

To illustrate the argument of the book, this chapter discusses the case study of the collapse of the world’s largest local population of the Audouin’s gull, a social bird. This bird was considered the world’s most endangered gull at the end of the 1960s. Its population was estimated at only 1,000 breeding pairs scattered in tiny colonies on remote rocky islets in the Mediterranean, where the species was confined. In 1981 the gulls established a colony at Punta de la Banya peninsula, and only 14 years after colonization, the patch held more than 10,000 breeding females and almost 75% of the total world population. Lack of competition and predation and a large number of resources determined a patch of high quality, which attracted immigrant gulls from the outside and allowed gulls to reproduce at very high rates. A perturbation regime caused by the arrival of carnivores caused the local population to crash due to runaway dispersal to other patches. The link between the social process of collective dispersal and the nonlinear collapse is demonstrated by a population model that uses optimization methods. Before the onset of dispersal by social copying, the population showed a long transient phase during which resilience mechanisms were activated.


2019 ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Roberto Narváez Collaguazo

La antropología jurídica remite su ámbito de investigación e interpretación a los sistemas jurídicos que establecen el orden interno de las sociedades, y tiene en la etnografía un método de investigación que permite un acercamiento sistemático a las prácticas y particularidades culturales de los grupos sociales, analizándolos y desarrollando una descripción que nos permite una comprensión de sus aspectos culturales. La antropología jurídica utiliza la etnografía como un método para comprender el orden social y los sistemas legales imperantes en un grupo humano. El estudio de caso nos remite al pueblo waorani que habita la Amazonía ecuatoriana, contactado en la década del sesenta del siglo anterior y en proceso de cambio cultural, con influencia de preceptos religiosos evangélicos y de moral occidental. Después de más de cincuenta años de contacto, una institución del orden social tradicional, la guerra, mantiene vigencia y se expresa como un espacio de reafirmación cultural en un contexto moderno, con un nuevo marco simbólico y referentes históricos y tradicionales previos al contacto. La guerra, para los waorani, es un articulador social que otorga prestigio a sus participantes y rememora el ethos tradicional waorani siendo una expresión vigente de la cultura tradicional.Ethnography: a research instrument in legal anthropology.A case of amazon peopleAbstractLegal anthropology refers its research and interpretation field to legal systems establishing the internal order of societies, and – in ethnography – it has a research method with a systematic approach to cultural practices and particularities of social groups, analyzing and describing them for understanding its cultural aspects. Legal anthropology uses ethnography as a method for understanding the social order and legal systems prevailing in a human group. The case study refers us to the Waorani people who live in the Ecuadorian Amazon, contacted in the 1960s and in process of cultural change, influenced by evangelical religious precepts and Western morality. After more than fifty years of contact, an institution of the traditional social order, i.e. war, remains valid and expressed as a cultural reaffirmation in a modern context, with a new symbolic framework and historical and traditional references prior to contact. For the Waorani, war is a social articulator giving prestige to its participants and recalling the traditional Waorani ethos, being a current expression of the traditional culture.Keywords: Ethnography, war, Amazonian peoples, interculturality, culturaltradition.A etnografia: instrumento de pesquisa em antropologia jurídica. O caso de um povo amazônicoResumoA antropologia jurídica remete seu âmbito de pesquisa e interpretação aos sistemas jurídicos que estabelecem a ordem interna das sociedades, e tem na etnografia um método de pesquisa que permite uma aproximação sistemática às práticas e particularidades culturais dos grupos sociais, analisando-os e desenvolvendo uma descrição que nos permite una compreensão de seus aspectos culturais. A antropologia jurídica utiliza a etnografia como um método que lhe permite uma compreensão da ordem social e dos sistemas legais imperantes em um grupo humano. O estudo de caso nos remete ao povo waorani que habita a Amazônia equatoriana, contatado na década do sessenta do século anterior e em processo de mudança cultural, com influência de preceitos religiosos evangélicos e de moral ocidental. Depois de mais de cinquenta anos de contato uma instituição da ordem social tradicional, a guerra, mantém vigência e se expressa como um espaço de reafirmação cultural em um contexto moderno, com um novo marco simbólico e referentes históricos e tradicionais prévios ao contato. A guerra, para os waorani, é um articulador social que outorga prestígio a seus participantes y rememora o ethos tradicional waorani sendo uma expressão vigente da cultura tradicional.Palavras-chave: Etnografia, guerra, povos amazônicos, interculturalidade,tradição cultural.


2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.


Author(s):  
Melanie SARANTOU ◽  
Satu MIETTINEN

This paper addresses the fields of social and service design in development contexts, practice-based and constructive design research. A framework for social design for services will be explored through the survey of existing literature, specifically by drawing on eight doctoral theses that were produced by the World Design research group. The work of World Design researcher-designers was guided by a strong ethos of social and service design for development in marginalised communities. The paper also draws on a case study in Namibia and South Africa titled ‘My Dream World’. This case study presents a good example of how the social design for services framework functions in practice during experimentation and research in the field. The social design for services framework transfers the World Design group’s research results into practical action, providing a tool for the facilitation of design and research processes for sustainable development in marginal contexts.


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