On Virtue and Reason: Integrative Theory of De 德 and Aretê

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Chung-ying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Effective Action ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Moral Action ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Integrative Theory ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article is to argue that virtue is experienced and understood in Confucian ethics as power to act and as performance of a moral action, and that virtue (de 德) as such has to be onto-cosmologically explicated, not just teleologically explained. In other words, it is intended to construct an integrative theory of virtues based on both dao (the Way 道) and de. To do so, we will examine the two features of de, as the power that is derived from self-reflection and self-restraining, and as the motivated action for attaining its practical end in a community. Only by a self-integrated moral consciousness can one’s experience, action and ideal remain in consistency and coherence, which leads us to the Aristotelian notion of virtue as excellence (aretê) and enables us to see how virtue as aretê could be introduced as a second feature of de, namely as the power for effective action in the whole system of virtues, apart from the first feature of de as self-restraining power. We will conclude that reason and virtue are practically united and remain inseparable, and that taking into account the onto-cosmological foundation of virtues, reason and virtue are inevitably the moving and advancing forces for the formation and transformation of human morality just as they are motivating and prompting incentives for individual moral action.

Emerson's Memory Loss

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Margaret Fuller ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Emerson’s Memory Loss is about an archive of texts documenting Emerson’s intellectual state during the final phase of his life, as he underwent dementia. It is also about the way these texts provoke a rereading of the more familiar canon of Emerson’s thinking. Emerson’s memory loss, Hanlon argues, contributed to the shaping of a line of thought in America that emphasizes the social over the solipsistic, the affective over the distant, the many over the one. Emerson regarded his output during the time when his patterns of cognition transformed profoundly as a regathering of focus on the nature of memory and of thinking itself. His late texts theorize Emerson’s experience of senescence even as they disrupt his prior valorizations of the independent mind teeming with self-sufficient conviction. But still, these late writings have succumbed to a process of critical forgetting—either ignored by scholars or denied inclusion in Emerson’s oeuvre. Attending to a manuscript archive that reveals the extent to which Emerson collaborated with others—especially his daughter, Ellen Tucker Emerson—to articulate what he considered his most important work even as his ability to do so independently waned, Hanlon measures the resonance of these late texts across the stretch of Emerson’s thinking, including his writing about Margaret Fuller and his meditations on streams of thought that verge unto those of his godson, William James. Such ventures bring us toward a self defined less by its anxiety of overinfluence than by its communality, its very connectedness with myriad others.

Finding a Pastoral Idiom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Skoie
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces yet another European ‘repossession’ of Virgil that generally remains outside the scope of most volumes on translation and reception. Skoie focuses on three Norwegian translations of Virgil’s Eclogues and analyses the way they exhibit tendencies towards two complementary processes that have been labelled, in recent theories of translation, as ‘domestication’ and ‘foreignization’; and they do so as the language of translation becomes politicized and engaged in debates about Norwegian identity. Skoie explores the use of Virgilian pastoral idiom in a foreign language and the juxtaposition between rural and urban voices in the context of language politics.

scholarly journals Building Eminence through Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Front Line ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

With modern-day medicine going the way it is - new developments, great science, the advent of personalised medicine and more - there's little doubt that healthcare can move in the right direction if everything is put in place to allow it to do so. But in many areas progress is being halted. Or at the very least slowed. Like it or not, many front-line healthcare professionals still do things the way they did things three decades ago, and are reluctant to adapt to new methods (assuming they are aware of them). Evidence exists that today's rapidly developing new medicines and treatments can positively influence healthcare in modern-day Europe, but a gap in education (also applying to patients and politicians), often exacerbated by “fake news” on the internet, is hampering uptake of new and often better methods, while even causing doubts about vaccines. More understanding at every level will inevitably lead to swifter integration of innovation into the healthcare systems of Europe. The time to look, listen and learn has come.

scholarly journals Moral hypocrisy and the hedonic shift: A goal-framing approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegwart Lindenberg ◽  
Linda Steg ◽  
Marko Milovanovic ◽  
Anita Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Moral Hypocrisy ◽  
Goal Framing ◽  
Normative Consensus ◽  
Moral Stance ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

The most investigated form of moral hypocrisy is pragmatic hypocrisy in which people fake moral commitment for their own advantage. Yet there is also a different form of hypocrisy in which people take a moral stance with regard to norms they endorse without thereby also expressing a commitment to act morally. Rather they do it in order to feel good. We call this hedonic moral hypocrisy. In our research, we posit that this kind of hypocrisy comes about when people’s overarching goals are shifted in a hedonic direction, that is, in the direction of focusing on the way one feels, rather than on moral obligation. Hedonic shifts come about by cues in the environment. People are sometimes sincere when expressing a moral stance (i.e. they mean it and also act on it), and sometimes, when they are subject to a hedonic shift, they express a moral stance just to make them feel good. This also implies that they then decline to do things that make them feel bad, such as behaving morally when it takes unrewarded effort to do so. In two experimental studies, we find that there is such a thing as hedonic moral hypocrisy and that it is indeed brought about by hedonic shifts from cues in the environment. This seriously undermines the meaning of a normative consensus for norm conformity. Seemingly, for norm conformity without close social control, it is not enough that people endorse the same norms, they also have to be exposed to situational cues that counteract hedonic shifts. In the discussion, it is suggested that societal arrangements that foster the focus on the way one feels and nurture a chronic wish to make oneself feel better (for example, in the fun direction through advertisements and entertainment opportunities, or in the fear direction by populist politicians, social media, economic uncertainties, crises, or wars and displacements) are likely to increase hedonic hypocrisy in society.

Constitutional Rights and Social Welfare: Exploring Claims-Making Practices in Post-Apartheid South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Whitney K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

When do individuals choose to advance legal claims to social welfare goods? To explore this question, I turn to the case of South Africa, where, despite the adoption of a "transformative" constitution in 1996, access to social welfare goods remains sorely lacking. Drawing on an original 551-person survey, I examine patterns of legal claims-making, focusing on beliefs individuals hold about the law, rights, and the state, and how those beliefs relate to decisions about whether and how to make claims. I find striking differences between the factors that influence when people say they should file a legal claim and when they actually do so. The way that individuals interpret their own material conditions and neighborhood context are important, yet under-acknowledged, factors for explaining claims-making.

scholarly journals LISTENING TO LAW

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Robert YELḰÁTŦE Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Law School ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Donne Lieu ◽  
The Way

My journey to better understand and to live my own WSÁNEĆ legal tradition has always been both complex and incredibly rewarding.  This journey has, at times, also come with its challenges and tensions, including through law school and academia.  Through the use of story I reflect upon this path of learning, and many of my own thoughts and experiences along the way.  I have learned, and continue to learn, from many different people along this path, and I am so grateful to each of them.  While this story is primarily a self-reflection, the themes and tensions that the character of this story (Cedar) embodies may resonant with many Indigenous people.  These themes include family, community, place, identity, stories, law and culture.  Each of these themes comes together and to life in this story through lived experience and my own empowering moments of living and coming to better understand WSÁNEĆ law.  Ultimately, writing this story helped me in a moment when I needed it.  My hope is that you too can find something helpful and rewarding within this story, and that you can use that along your own path. Le périple que j’ai fait pour mieux comprendre et vivre ma propre tradition juridique dans la communauté WSÁNEĆ a toujours été à la fois complexe et incroyablement enrichissant. Bien entendu, cette expérience a également donné lieu à des défis et des tensions, notamment à l’école de droit et dans le milieu universitaire. À l’aide d’un récit, je décris mon cheminement et bon nombre de mes propres réflexions et expériences connexes. Tout au long de mon parcours, j’ai appris et je continue d’apprendre auprès de nombreuses personnes différentes et je leur en suis infiniment reconnaissant. Bien que ce récit soit d’abord et avant tout une autoréflexion, il se pourrait que de nombreux Autochtones retrouvent une part d’eux-mêmes dans les thèmes abordés et les tensions vécues par le personnage central (Cedar). Qu’il s’agisse de la famille, de la communauté, du lieu, de l’identité, du droit ou de la culture, j’aborde chacun de ces thèmes en décrivant des expériences réelles et le cheminement qui m’a permis de mieux comprendre la loi WSÁNEĆ. En définitive, l’écriture de ce récit s’est révélée une expérience positive pour moi à un moment où j’avais besoin d’aide. J’espère que vous trouverez à votre tour des éléments utiles et éclairants dans ce récit et que vous pourrez vous en inspirer au cours de votre propre cheminement. 

scholarly journals METODE INTERAKSI PARENTING: UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PENDIDIKAN SISWA SEJAK DINI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Schools ◽  
Children Education ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

<p>Parents are obliged to take care of their children’s future, especially by rendering sufficient education. Children are believed to bring about happiness every now and then, who generate family’s pride up to the almighty judication. Some people are save and some are not in that court, where children will give sigificant contribution in it. That’s why the children’s well being has become the parents obligation. To bring about children’s well being, parents should also render the good treatments during the life cycle of their children. The main duties of parents for their children are giving them the good names, sending them to the good schools where they can learn religion, and marry them to their good spouses. Psychologically, when children are sent to school for the first time, they will feel that they are put apart from parents’ care, so that may of them have to go difficult phase of adjustment. The adjustment includes that of education so as to run as naturally as possible. To get the naturality of the education delegation, teachers and educators are obliged to be able to nurture any value to students as naturally as possible. Parenting model of teaching serves the requirements of teaching children just the way the parrents do, so that it is assumptively effective in teaching elementary students by taking consideration on the psychologial aspect of children.</p><p> </p><p>Key words:   Parenting Model of teaching, children education optimalization</p>

scholarly journals Masters of Wine on Twitter: presence, activity, impact and community structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Enrique Orduña-Malea ◽  
Cristina I. Font-Julian ◽  
José Antonio Ontalba-Ruipérez ◽  
Raúl Compés-López
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Globalisation, the Internet and social media have changed the kind of actors with influence in the wine industry and the way these actors create signals to communicate credible information about experience and trust attributes. Among the most prestigious experts in the world of wine are the Masters of Wine (MW). Although initially devoted to international trade, they have spread their activities and their opinion is more and more appreciated by producers and consumers. The main objective of this article is to determine this community of experts’ behaviour on Twitter. In order to do so, four factors (presence, activity, impact and community) have been considered. All Twitter profiles belonging to users awarded with the MW qualification were identified and analysed. In addition, a set of 35,653 tweets published by the MWs were retrieved and analysed through descriptive statistics. The results show MWs on Twitter as high attractors (number of followers), moderate publishers (original contents published), moderate influencers (number of likes and retweets), and low interactors (number of friends and mentions to other users). These findings reveal that the MW community is not using Twitter to gain or reinforce their reputation as an accredited expert in the wine industry, giving more influential space on Twitter to consumers and amateurs.

scholarly journals Monitoring Riders Pattern For Automatic License Issuing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
V Harikrishna Kani ◽  
P. Malarvezhi ◽  
R Sharath ◽  
S Jeyaraman
Keyword(s):  
Test Framework ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper presents about the mechanization of driving permit test framework and informing the aftereffect of the applicant remotely. Normally, in driving test an up-and comer applied for license need to drive over a shut hover path before the trained professionals. The up-and-comer needs to roll over the way with explicit guidelines and on the off chance that he neglects to do so he will be excluded and should attempt next time. These specialists watch the mistakes of the up-and-comers physically. In this paper, the Arduino framework with important sensor modules has been produced for viewing the contender for getting their permit. By utilizing this framework, the applicant who take up the test are checked and the outcome climate the competitor is passed or fizzled is refreshed to the up-and-comer just as the specialists remotely utilizing IOT and GSM modules. This checking of the driving test ground is done autonomously using the Arduino structure. This framework is produced for improving the norms of permit giving instrument to improve street wellbeing

Translation crowdsourcing and user-translator motivation at Facebook and Skype

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Mesipuu
Keyword(s):  
Translation Process ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Business Needs ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

There is a growing trend among some internet software companies to involve users in the translation process by inviting or enabling them to shape the way the final product reads in their native languages. This is called translation crowdsourcing, and an increasing number of user-translators are willing to dedicate their spare time to contribute to such undertakings. What motivates them to do so, and how could their motivation be boosted? In order to answer these questions, this article looks at Facebook and Skype, examples of the two most common translation crowdsourcing models: open community and closed community. The first part of the article describes these two models, highlighting their principal differences and the business needs that help determine which model is adopted. The second part examines the origins of user-translator motivation and the ways that these two software companies maintain and boost motivation.

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