scholarly journals Exploring the Gender Gap in Young Adults' Attitudes about Animal Research

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Pifer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Feminist Attitudes

AbstractYoung adults' attitudes toward the use of animals in scientific research were examined by using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSA Y). A structural equation model was estimated using LISREL8 to examine the development of these attitudes. Gender was found to have the greatest total effect on opposition to animal research, while feminist attitudes had the second greatest total effect. Feminist attitudes, 10th grade science achievement, adult scientific literacy, general attitudes toward science, partisan affiliation, anda numberof early home influences each explained part, but not all of the gender difference in attitudes about scientific research.

The development of young American adults' attitudes about the risks associated with nuclear power

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Pifer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Twelfth Grade ◽  
Partisan Identification ◽  
Using Data

Young American adults' assessment of the risks associated with nuclear power was examined by using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY). A structural equation model was estimated using LISREL8 to examine the development of young adults' attitudes toward nuclear power. Many factors that have been associated with general attitudes toward science and technology were found to have no effect on young adults' assessment of the risks of nuclear power. Science achievement, academic science attitudes, and enrolment in high school and college science courses were found to have no effect on young adults' attitudes. Twelfth grade students who believed that the risks of nuclear power were relatively low were more likely to hold the same beliefs as young adults. Plans to have a career in science, mathematics, or engineering in grade twelve had the second greatest total effects, while gender's total effects were nearly identical in magnitude. Partisan identification had the fourth greatest total effects on attitudes about the risks of nuclear power. Peer science push, parent college push, parent science push, and parent education had lesser, but significant effects on the attitudes of young adults about the risks of nuclear power.

Switching Behaviour of Young Adults in Cellular Service Industry: An Empirical Study of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajeeha Aslam ◽  
Reema Frooghi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Switching Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
The University

The switching behaviour in cellular services has been constantly observed in the consumers. Therefore, it becomes difficult for cellular service providers to gain the competitive advantage and retain the consumers. The main focus of this study is to observe the factors that are pushing consumers to switch from their present cellular network. For the collection of data, questionnaire was rotated among the university students. In total, 247 useful responses were used in order to get the findings. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) were used for the evaluation of data. The findings show that inconvenience have a negative and significant impact on switching behaviour of the young adults. As compared to this, service encounter failure and attraction by competitors have a positive and significant impact on switching behaviour of the young adults. This study will help the companies in understanding the behaviour of the cellular subscribers and will also help to sustain them. The article also highlights the factors that are important for the consumers before making decision for final purchase or switching the network.

scholarly journals Examination of the relationship between metacognitive thinking skills and scientific research self-efficacy via regression analysis and structural equation modelÜst biliş düşünme becerileri ve bilimsel araştırma özyeterliği arasındaki ilişkinin regresyon analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Ömer Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Mediator Role

This study analyzed the relation between scientific research self-efficacy and metacognitive thinking skills of prospective teachers. Hence this study was executed in relational screening method. The findings of our study unveiled that a significant relation existed between Metacognition thinking subskill domains and scientific research self-efficacy. Accordingly thinking, problem solving, decision making and alternative evaluation skills explained approximately 27% of the score variance of scientific research self-efficacy. In this study three models devised on the principle of structural equation model were tested. It was concluded at the end of this study that decision-making skills played a mediator role between thinking skills and conclusion and discussion skills. Further to that it was identified that thinking skills played a mediator role between literature skills and problem-solving skills. Lastly it was identified that thinking skills played a mediator role between problem solving and conclusion and discussion skills. ÖzetBu çalışmada öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel araştırma öz-yeterlikleri ile üst biliş düşünme becerileri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla araştırma ilişkisel tarama yöntemine göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda Üst biliş düşünme alt beceri alanlarıyla bilimsel araştırma özyeterliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre düşünme, problem çözme,  karar verme ve alternatif değerlendirme becerileri bilimsel araştırma özyeterliğine yönelik puanlara ait varyansın yaklaşık %27’sini açıklamaktadır. Araştırmada yapısal eşitlik modeline göre kurulan üç model test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda düşünme becerileri ve sonuç ve tartışma becerileri arasında karar verme becerilerinin aracılık etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında alanyazın becerileri ve problem çözme becerileri arasında düşünme becerilerinin aracılık etkisinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Son olarak problem çözme ve sonuç tartışma becerileri arasında düşünme becerilerinin aracılık etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır.

How to Overcome Health-Compromising Behaviors

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Schwarzer ◽  
Aleksandra Luszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Smoking Reduction

Health-compromising behaviors such as cigarette smoking and poor dietary habits are difficult to change. Most social-cognitive theories assume that the intention to change is the best predictor of actual change, but people often do not behave in accordance with their intentions. Unforeseen barriers emerge, or people give in to temptations. Therefore, intentions should be supplemented by more proximal predictors that might facilitate the translation of intentions into action. Some self-regulatory mediators have been identified, such as perceived self-efficacy and strategic planning. They help to bridge the intention-behavior gap. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) suggests a distinction between (1) a preintentional motivation process that leads to a behavioral intention and (2) a postintentional volition process that facilitates the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. In this article, two studies are reported that examine mediators between intentions and two behaviors. One behavior is smoking reduction in young adults, the other is dietary restraint in overweight patients with chronic disease. A structural equation model, specified in terms of the HAPA, was in line with both data sets but it explained more variance of dietary behaviors among middle-aged or older individuals with a health condition whereas variance of smoking reduction in healthy young adults was less well accounted for. The findings contribute to the elucidation of psychological mechanisms in health behavior change and point to the particular role of mediator variables.

scholarly journals Sources and routes from terrestrial exogenous pollutants affect phytoplankton biomass in reservoir bays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
Anthropogenic Discharge ◽  
Water Nutrients ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Abstract Reservoir bays, the boundary of terrestrial and water where water fluidity slows down and self-purification ability turn weak, hence they are especially sensitive to terrestrial exogenous pollutants, even resulting in eutrophication. According to N:P, water nutrients types can be divided into N limited, P limited and N + P limited classes. Phytoplankton biomass is represented by chlorophyll a, which is one of the sensitive indicators of water eutrophication. Comprehensively traced non-point pollution from terrestrial exogenous pollutants (fertilizer, soil release, anthropogenic discharge) to water nutrients that happen in reservoir bays is of great significance. This paper identified the dominant environmental variables and nutrients limited types of reservoir bays at storage and discharge periods, constructed partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to explore the impacts of terrestrial exogenous pollutants. Results showed that in storage period water contamination mainly came from residential discharge and soil endogenous release, the total contribution rate reached 61%. In discharge period, with the increase of rainfall – runoff erosion, the explanatory ability of land use, topography and landscape pattern to water quality increased, up to 58%. The dominant nutrients limited types of reservoir bays were P limited (35%–47%) and N + P limited (35%–59%) at both stages, N limited situations less than 20% and generally appeared in storage period. Whatever the nutrients limited type was, phosphorus always had a higher effect on phytoplankton biomass. In N limited situation, nitrogen mainly from soil release (total effect = 0.6) and phosphorus from fertilizer (total effect = 0.22) and soil release (total effect = 0.17). In P limited situation, all three sources had almost high effects on nitrogen, phosphorus, and phytoplankton biomass. In N + P limited situation, the anthropogenic discharge was the main source of nutrients and the primary threaten factor for phytoplankton biomass. The approaches employed in this study could be generalized to the other basin and the results were significant to early warning and controlling water eutrophication.

Time perspective in adolescents and young adults: Enjoying the present and trusting in a better future

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Molinari ◽  
Giuseppina Speltini ◽  
Stefano Passini ◽  
Maria Grazia Carelli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Active Engagement

Time perspective is crucial in adolescence and youth, when individuals make important decisions related to their present and future. The focus of this research was to use the six-factor short version Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) scale in a sample of adolescents and young adults, and to analyse its associations with decision-making, relational styles and engagement. A structural equation model of the effects of S-ZTPI on these variables was computed, and its psychometric properties were found adequate. The results underline that young people’s present orientation is associated with a relational style based on confidence in oneself and others, and with active engagement in terms of responsibility and trust in a better future. Our findings suggest a positive description of adolescents’ views, as they are able to enjoy the time they are living in without giving up their responsibilities for making a better world for the future.

scholarly journals Sexuality Education in the Digital Age: Modelling the Predictors of Acceptance and Behavioural Intention to Access and Interact with Sexuality Information on Social Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Olamijuwon ◽  
Clifford Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Intention To Use

Abstract Introduction Diverse literature on sexual health promotion using social media suggests that increasing information reach and interaction are crucial. This study integrated the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to model the predictors of young adults’ behavioural intention to use and interact with sexuality education on social media. Methods A total of 936 young adults in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa who had access to the internet and Facebook were recruited via Facebook’s advertising platform from 22 May 2020 to 8 June 2020. A structural equation model was fitted on the sample to identify the individual attributes associated with the intention to use and interact with sexuality information on social media. Results About 84% of the young adults in the sample consider social media an appropriate medium for sexual health communication, with Facebook being the most preferred (40%) digital platform for sexual health promotion. Results from the structural equation model showed that performance expectancy (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), social influence (β = 0.09, P = 0.047), effort expectancy (β = 0.25, P < 0.001), facilitating condition (β = 0.33, P < 0.001), and attitude (β = 0.10, P = 0.039) were significantly associated with the intention to access sexuality education on social media. These factors (except attitude) were also significantly associated with the intention to interact with sexual health information on social media. Conclusions Young people with internet access are amenable to receiving and interacting with sexuality information on social media. The use of social media for sexuality education is associated with whether such use is free of effort, endorsed by society, align with their engagements with other messages, and helps them achieve improvement in their sexual and reproductive health. Policy Implications Strategies to increase access and interaction with sexuality information on social media help young people make an informed decision about their sexuality. Such use should also be free of effort, align with the way they interact with other information on social media, and supported by the society.

THE ROLES OF EXPERIENCE, GENDER, AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN STATISTICAL REASONING

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-475
Author(s):  
NADIA MARTIN ◽  
JEFFREY HUGHES ◽  
JONATHAN FUGELSANG
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistics Education ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Thinking Dispositions ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
And Gender

We examine the joint effects of gender and experience on statistical reasoning. Participants with various levels of experience in statistics completed the Statistical Reasoning Assessment (Garfield, 2003), along with individual difference measures assessing cognitive ability and thinking dispositions. Although the performance of both genders improved with experience, the gender gap persisted, with males outperforming females across all experience levels. A confirmatory structural equation model assessing the degree to which cognitive ability, thinking dispositions, and gender account for statistical reasoning performance supported the idea that differences in statistical reasoning are not uniquely a matter of cognitive ability. Rather, gender was found to influence statistical reasoning directly, as well as indirectly through its influence on thinking dispositions. First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

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