Orientation and homing behavior as a measure of affinity for the home range in two species of Iguanid lizards

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
Sceloporus Graciosus ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Means

AbstractThe relationship between home range affinity and homing ability was studied in Phrynosoma douglassi and Sceloporus graciosus in southeastern Idaho. Movement patterns for P. douglassi were typical of an animal moving from one site of activity to other sites, whereas S. graciosus movements were typical of an animal using a single site of activity. Only S. graciosus was able to orient towards the home range when displaced, indicating an affinity for this site. Adult S. graciosus oriented and homed more consistently than did juveniles. P. douglassi did not orient homeward when displaced and returned less frequently than did S. graciosus. Recapture locations along with data regarding homeward orientation and homing indicate that P. douglassi has a lesser affinity than does S. graciosus for the home range. Some gravid females of both species left the home range to deposit eggs or young and later returned. Use of areas outside the home range for egg-laying and birthing and movements out of the home range resulting from chases by predators may represent natural means of displacement that select for homing behavior. Because most lizards experience only short displacements during their life histories, long distance homing reported for snakes, turtles, and salamanders is absent.

scholarly journals Long distance homing in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) in its native range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A Shaykevich ◽  
Andrius Pasukonis ◽  
Lauren A O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Current Paradigm

Many animals exhibit complex navigation over different scales and environments. Navigation studies in amphibians have largely focused on species with life histories that require advanced spatial capacities, such as territorial poison frogs and migratory pond-breeding amphibians that show fidelity to mating sites. However, other species have remained relatively understudied, leaving the possibility that well-developed navigational abilities are widespread. Here, we measured short-term space use in non-territorial, non-migratory cane toads (Rhinella marina) in their native range in French Guiana. After establishing home range, we tested their ability to return to home following translocations of 500 and 1000 meters. Toads were able to travel in straight trajectories back to home areas, suggesting map-like navigational abilities similar to those observed in amphibians with more complex spatial behavior. These observations break with the current paradigm of amphibian navigation and suggest that navigational abilities may be widely shared among amphibians.

scholarly journals Correlation between L-Lactate Concentrations in Beef Cattle, Obtained Using a Hand-Held Lactate Analyzer and a Lactate Assay Colorimetric Kit

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B. Haley ◽  
Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer and a traditional lactate assay colorimetric kit. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (Black or Red Angus × Hereford/Simmental and Black or Red Angus × Charolais; 247 ± 38.2 kg BW) prior to loading (LO1) and after 36 h of transport, and prior to reloading and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in the colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the strength of the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The magnitude and direction of the correlation, and the level of statistical significance varied over the observed time points, ranging from r = −0.03 (p = 0.75; LO1) to r = 0.75 (p < 0.0001; d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Based on the low magnitude of the correlation due to variability across sampling time points in this study, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay (considered the gold standard) for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle.

scholarly journals PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
Daniela M Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B Haley ◽  
Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = &lt; 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P &lt; 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Tomasz Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

Larval development of Metapenaeopsis barbata (de Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Ronquillo ◽  
Toshio Saisho
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Natural Means

Gravid females of Metapenaeopsis barbata spawned in the laboratory by natural means and the larvae were reared from hatching to postlarval stage at 27·0–29·8˚C and 33·5–34·5 g kg -1 salinity. The larvae metamorphosed into first postlarvae, with a survival rate of up to 98·4%, after about 10 days following hatching and subsistence on only an algal diet of Tetraselmis tetrathele and Chaetoceros gracilis. Six naupliar stages, three protozoeal stages, three mysis stages and the first postlarval stage are described and illustrated. On the basis of morphological characteristics, larval stages of M. barbata can be distinguished from similar stages of closely related species in the family Penaeidae. As inferred from the morphology of the larval feeding apparatus, M. barbata is still a filter-feeder even at the first postlarval stage.

Storie di violenza in infanzia e adolescenza e prostituzione in etŕ adulta: quali legami?

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Emanuela Confalonieri ◽  
Cristina Giuliani ◽  
Alessandra Bongiana ◽  
Paola Pavesi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

- The present study, related to the one published some years ago (Confalonieri et al., 2004), is an investigation on forced prostitution and the related violence's types in immigrant women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Using the social records available by the Ufficio Stranieri (Comune di Milano), the purpose is to identify the presence of 1) childhood maltreatments or violence before the entry in sex exploitation market and 2) subsequent adult sexual revictimization from partners, pimps and clients. Data were analysed using phenomenological descriptive analysis. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and abuse and subsequent involvement in sex work is discussed comparing data and life histories of immigrant prostitutes coming from Nigeria and East Europe. The role played by social and contexual variables in sexual exploitation story are also considered.Key words: immigration, violence, prostitution, infancy, adulthood.Parole chiave: immigrazione, violenza, prostituzione, infanzia, etŕ adulta.

CHALCOLITHIC CERAMIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MESOPOTAMIA AND IRAN, c.5900–5100 b.c.e.

Iraq ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Melissa Sharp ◽  
Kyra Kaercher
Keyword(s):  
Copper Metal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Painted Pottery ◽  
The Relationship

The Chalcolithic period in Mesopotamia and Iran (c.6000–4000 b.c.e.) is characterised by larger cities replacing small farming settlements, technological developments including wheel thrown pottery and copper metal working, and people establishing long distance trade networks. The Halaf horizon (5900–5100 b.c.e.) developed out of the local late pottery Neolithic tradition and is found throughout western Syria, southern Turkey, and northern and central Iraq. This archaeological culture is defined by a finely painted pottery, dryland farming, round and rectangular houses, and the use of stamp seals. A comparable ceramic horizon, the J-ware horizon (5200–4700 b.c.e.) arose in the Mahidasht and Kermanshah valleys of Iran. The J-ware ceramics are finely painted, possibly deriving from the Halaf tradition, but also slipped and burnished. The Rowanduz Archaeological Program's (RAP) excavations elucidate links between northern Iraq and northern Iran from the Chalcolithic to the modern period. This paper explores the relationship between the Halaf and J-ware traditions at Banahilk, recently re-excavated by RAP, and the larger contacts during the Chalcolithic.

On the relationship between long-distance and heterogeneous electron transfer in electrode-grown Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Yates ◽  
Brian J. Eddie ◽  
Nikolai Lebedev ◽  
Nicholas J. Kotloski ◽  
Sarah M. Strycharz-Glaven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailly Tiphaine ◽  
Philip Kohlmeier ◽  
Rampal Etienne ◽  
Bregje Wertheim ◽  
Jean-Christophe Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gravid Females

Being part of a group facilitates cooperation between group members, but also creates competition for limited resources. This conundrum is problematic for gravid females who benefit from being in a group, but whose future offspring may struggle for access to nutrition in larger groups. Females should thus modulate their reproductive output depending on their social context. Although social-context dependent modulation of reproduction is documented in a broad range of species, its underlying mechanisms and functions are poorly understood. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. The tractability of the genetics of this species allows dissecting the mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to their social context. Here, we show that females produce eggs increasingly faster as group size increases. By laying eggs faster in group than alone, females appear to reduce competition between offspring and increase their likelihood of survival. In addition, females in a group lay their eggs during the light phase of the day, while isolated females lay them during the night. We show that responses to the presence of others are determined by vision through the motion detection pathway and that flies from any sex, mating status or species can trigger these responses. The mechanisms of this modulation of egg-laying by group is connected to a lifting of the inhibition of light on oogenesis and egg-laying by stimulating hormonal pathways involving juvenile hormone. Because modulation of reproduction by social context is a hallmark of animals with higher levels of sociality, our findings represent a protosocial mechanism in a species considered solitary that may have been the target of selection for the evolution of more complex social systems.

scholarly journals Man-made habitats - hotspots of evolutionary game between grass, fungus and fly

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Lembicz ◽  
Paweł Olejniczak ◽  
Ziemowit Olszanowski ◽  
Karolina Górzyńska ◽  
Adrian Leuchtmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
New Man ◽  
Epichloë Typhina ◽  
Vegetative Season

Man-made habitats - hotspots of evolutionary game between grass, fungus and flyThe origin and effects of an evolutionary game between species from three different kingdoms (plants, fungi and animals) are presented. We provide scientific evidence that the interaction discovered in man-made habitats leads to an early stage of coevolution. The grassPuccinellia distanswas observed to rapidly spread in new man-made habitats, while at the same time, it was colonised by the fungusEpichloë typhina.The invasion of infected grasses is accompanied by alterations in life histories of both species:P. distansdeveloped features promoting long-distance spreading, whereasE. typhinachanged its life cycle by forming sexual structures for the second time, later in the vegetative season. This enables the fungus to make use of the late shoots of the grass for sexual reproduction, even though it cannot be completed because the vector of spermatia necessary for fertilisation, femaleBotanophilaflies, is not present at that time. This indicates that such uncoordinated evolutionary processes had taken place before interactions between organisms became so specialised that it is difficult to presume they were the result of natural selection. Moreover, these processes could have been initiated in man-made habitats that, in particular circumstances, can become coevolutionary hotspots.

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