Thermal ecology and reproductive cyclicity of the snake Natrix tessellata in south-eastern Austria and central Italy: a comparative study

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Zimmermann ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractAspects of thermal ecology and reproductive cyclicity are compared in two populations of the dice snake (Natrix tessellata), a semi-aquatic natricine species widely distributed across Europe. One population was studied near Leibnitz, Styria (south-eastern Austria), and the other one was studied in the Mounts of Tolfa near Rome (Latium, central Italy). The climate was strongly colder in the Austrian than in the Italian site. Snakes of both populations were similar in various traits, including average body temperature, higher mean body temperature of gravid than non-gravid individuals, significantly higher substratum temperatures selected by gravid than by non-gravid individuals, trends of relationships between body, air and substratum temperatures, average length of reproductive females, and average preparturition mass of reproductive females. However, Austrian snakes were found in water significantly less often than their Italian conspecifics (although in both populations nearly all individuals occurred close to water bodies), and showed a lower frequency of reproduction (biannual rather than annual) than Italian ones. The presented data are discussed in the light of suboptimal occupation of the colder area by Austrian snakes, and conservative rigidity of natural history and ecological traits of such a widespread species as N. tessellata.

Thermoregulation of the lizard Barisia imbricata at altitudinal extremes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Natalia Fierro-Estrada ◽  
Yasmin Guadalupe González González ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Margarita Martínez Gómez ◽  
Andrés García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Ambient temperature is a primary factor affecting the physiology and activity of reptiles. Thermoregulation involves a series of mechanisms to maintain an organism’s body temperature within a narrow range. The study of thermal ecology of lizards is relevant for understanding their distribution, life history, ecology and thermal requirements. Moreover, determining how species are able to attain physiologically active body temperatures in challenging environments is necessary for assessing the risk of extinction due to climate change, especially for threatened endemic species. We evaluated and compared the thermal ecology of two populations of the viviparous lizard Barisia imbricata, at contrasting elevations (2200 and 3700 m). We obtained variation in thermal data from winter through autumn for multiple years. We determined thermal efficiency indices based on field active body temperatures, preferred temperatures (in a thermal gradient), and operative environmental temperatures (according to null models). We also recorded substrate and air temperatures at the time of capture. Mean body temperature of both populations showed a positive correlation with environmental temperatures. We found significant seasonal differences in body temperature in both populations, and between body temperatures of the two populations. Our results suggest that B. imbricata is an eurythermic species and can thermoregulate actively at any given time. However, when environmental temperatures are within the range of preferred temperatures, the species does not engage in thermoregulatory behavior. This information expands knowledge on the range of possible thermal responses to environmental variation within a species.

Thermal ecology of the high-altitude bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Smith ◽  
Royce E. Ballinger ◽  
Justin D. Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Early Maturity

The thermal ecology of a high-altitude lizard, Sceloporus scalaris, was investigated in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, where the lizards are active on sunny days throughout the year. Mean body temperature was 32.6 °C (range 12.6–39 °C) and mean air temperature was 20.2 °C (range 5.2–36.4 °C). The slope of the body temperature versus air temperature regression was 0.23. Monthly differences in body temperature were observed, with the highest body temperatures observed in early summer. Lizards at three study sites with differing slope and vegetative cover had different mean body temperatures. Males had higher body temperatures than both nongravid and gravid females. Maintenance of elevated body temperatures even during winter lengthens the activity and growing season, permitting early maturity with potentially important life-history consequences.

scholarly journals Thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community of the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Macaé, RJ

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. HATANO ◽  
D. VRCIBRADIC ◽  
C. A. B. GALDINO ◽  
M. CUNHA-BARROS ◽  
C. F. D. ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Hemidactylus Mabouia ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

We analyzed the thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community from the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The broadest activity was that of Tropidurus torquatus, a sit-and-wait forager, while the active foraging teiid Cnemidophorus littoralis had the shortest activity. The nocturnal gekkonid Hemidactylus mabouia was found active during the day only during early morning and late afternoon, when environmental temperatures are low. Body temperature was highest for Cnemidophorus littoralis and lowest for the two Mabuya species. The patterns found here are discussed and compared to those of congeneric species in other habitats in Brazil.

The spatial and temporal distribution of koala faecal pellets

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. H. Ellis ◽  
B. J. Sullivan ◽  
A. T. Lisle ◽  
F. N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Free Ranging

Faecal pellets were collected under trees used by free-ranging koalas in south-western, central and south-eastern Queensland to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of pellets with respect to the activity of koalas. Deposition of faecal pellets by koalas was analysed according to the time of day at which the tree was occupied. For free-ranging koalas, 47% of daily faecal pellet output was recovered using a collection mat of 8 × 8 m placed under a day-roost tree. The best predictor of pellet production was the presence of a koala in a tree between 1800 hours and midnight. For other periods, there was no relationship between period of tree occupancy and faecal pellet recovery. There was a significant relationship between the average length of tree occupancy and the time of day that a koala entered a tree.

Population and Thermal Ecology of Testudo hermanni hermanni in the Tolfa Mountains of Central Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Filippi ◽  
Lorenzo Rugiero ◽  
Massimo Capula ◽  
Russell L. Burke ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Testudo Hermanni Hermanni

scholarly journals Suhu Tubuh Bayi Prematur di Inkubator Dinding Tunggal dengan Inkubator Dinding Tunggal Disertai Sungkup

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Padila Padila ◽  
Ida Agustien
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to compare the average change in body temperature in a single wall incubator with a single wall incubator with hood in preterm infants with hypothermia. The design of this study uses a comparative descriptive method. The results of the study in the group of preterm infants with hypothermia in a single wall incubator with a lid significantly increased mean body temperature changes with a mean value of 36.09 variance 0.152 while for preterm infants with hypothermia in a single wall incubator a mean value of 35.35 variance values 0.859 and obtained t count from the two study groups namely 2.551 and 1.717 t table. In conclusion, a single wall incubator with a lid increases body temperature in premature infants with hypothermia compared to a single wall incubator.   Keywords: Hypothermia, Incubator, Premature

scholarly journals Effect of food intake on the ventilatory response to increasing core temperature during exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Hayashi ◽  
Nozomi Ito ◽  
Yoko Ichikawa ◽  
Yuichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Elimination ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Food

Food intake increases metabolism and body temperature, which may in turn influence ventilatory responses. Our aim was to assess the effect of food intake on ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature during exercise. Nine healthy male subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in sessions with and without prior food intake. Ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature was defined by the slopes of regression lines relating ventilatory parameters to core temperature. Mean skin temperature, mean body temperature (calculated from esophageal temperature and mean skin temperature), oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide elimination, minute ventilation, alveolar ventilation, and tidal volume (VT) were all significantly higher at baseline in sessions with food intake than without food intake. During exercise, esophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, carbon dioxide elimination, and end-tidal CO2 pressure were all significantly higher in sessions with food intake than without it. By contrast, ventilatory parameters did not differ between sessions with and without food intake, with the exception of VT during the first 5 min of exercise. The ventilatory sensitivities to rising core temperature also did not differ, with the exception of an early transient effect on VT. Food intake increases body temperature before and during exercise. Other than during the first 5 min of exercise, food intake does not affect ventilatory parameters during exercise, despite elevation of both body temperature and metabolism. Thus, with the exception of an early transient effect on VT, ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not affected by food intake.

Thermal influence of sunshine and clothing on men walking in humid heat

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Craig ◽  
E. G. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Thermal Influence

For two men walking on a treadmill and wearing two layers of permeable clothing, the same physiological strain measured by the rate of increase in mean body temperature could be produced a) next to a building outdoors in the sunshine with an average air temperature of 85 F and humidity of 20 mm Hg and b) indoors with the same humidity and an air temperature 10 F higher. Under these conditions, the underwear was mainly wet with sweat and the outer layer was mainly dry. In comparable indoor tests on a third subject, the temperature of the underwear approached equilibrium 1 or 2 F lower than the temperature of the skin at air temperatures of 85 and 115 F. The error in calculating clothing insulation introduced by assuming the clothing to be dry is determined by the size and direction of the temperature gradient between skin and air. Adding 10 F to the indoor air temperature does not duplicate all the effects of sunshine. Submitted on September 15, 1961

A 28-years-long monitoring study suggests heavy decline and habitat shifts in three populations of a Mediterranean tortoise species

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Rugiero ◽  
Massimo Capula ◽  
Daniele Dendi ◽  
Fabio Petrozzi ◽  
Massimiliano Di Vittorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Long-term ecological studies are important for understanding wild populations’ dynamics and processes and the actual factors that can determine their decline. Here, we report the results of a 28-years-long (1992–2019) monitoring of three distinct populations of a tortoise, Testudo hermanni, in Central Italy, with an emphasis on their population abundance trends and on the eventual variation in their habitat use across years and among the study areas. Samplings were conducted by Visual Encounter Survey (VES) methodology, and using a suite of statistical analyses including correlations and Generalized Linear Models analyses. Our data showed a statistically significant decline in tortoise sightings through time, and concurrently also a variation in habitat use by tortoises. In all the three study areas, we observed a significant increase of tortoise sighting frequency in the habitat type characterized by high (>taller than 200 cm) shrubby and wooded vegetation. Since our analyses revealed no significant change in the habitat type availability by year in each study area, we suggest that T. hermanni was increasingly selecting closed vegetation spots throughout the years. We hypothesize that this observed trend of shift in habitat selection could be due to lowering their body temperatures to prevent overheating. So, the selection of more covered spots would be a thermal ecology adaptive consequence of the ongoing global warming.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of Injuries and Hospitalizations of Patients Following the 2009 Earthquake of L’Aquila City

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Del Papa ◽  
Pierpaolo Vittorini ◽  
Francesco D’Aloisio ◽  
Mario Muselli ◽  
Anna Rita Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Discharge Disposition ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Multiple Injured ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the injury patterns and the hospitalizations of patients who were admitted to hospital following the 2009 earthquake in the city of L’Aquila, Central Italy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the patterns of earthquake-related injuries in Italy. We reviewed the hospital discharge data of 171 patients admitted to hospital within the following 96 h from the mainshock. This is an observational and descriptive study: We controlled for variables such as patient demographics, primary and secondary ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases) diagnosis codes in order to identify the multiple injured patients, main type of injury that resulted in the hospital admission, discharge disposition, and average length of stay (LOS). Seventy-three percent of the 171 patients were admitted to hospital on the first day. Multiple injuries accounted for 52% of all trauma admissions, with a female to male ratio of 63% versus 37%. The most common type of injuries involved bone fractures (46.8%), while lower extremities were the most frequently affected sites (38.75%). The average LOS was 12.11 days. This study allows the evaluation of the impact of earthquake-related injuries in relation both to the health needs of the victims and to the use of the health care resources and assistance.

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