Divergent selection for inherent fearfulness leads to divergent yolk steroid levels in quail

Behaviour ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Epigenetic Modulation ◽  
Yolk Steroids ◽  
First Time

AbstractAvian yolk steroid levels may vary according to maternal condition or environmental factors, causing epigenetic modulation of offspring phenotype. Here we test whether artificial selection based on divergent duration of tonic immobility (TI) in Japanese quail (i.e., divergent inherent fearfulness) is correlated with divergent levels of yolk steroids. We analysed yolk steroid levels and egg quality in quail selected for either long or short duration of TI. Yolk steroids, i.e., immunoreactive progesterone and androstenedione, were found to be significantly less concentrated in eggs of the high inherent fearfulness line compared to eggs of the low inherent fearfulness line. A similar trend was found with testosterone levels. Larger eggs with lighter eggshell were also found in more fearful quail. Hence, the selection for divergent fearfulness has led to correlated changes in yolk steroid levels and egg quality. These data suggest that hormones of maternal origin, egg quality and genetic background may all contribute to line differences in phenotype. A modulation of progesterone concentrations by selection for behaviour in egg yolk is reported here for the first time. Although the effect of this hormone on avian embryos remains unknown, we argue it may have significant effects on phenotypic outcome.

scholarly journals Parental effects via glyphosate-based herbicides in a bird model?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Ruuskanen ◽  
Miia Rainio ◽  
Maiju Uusitalo ◽  
Kari Saikkonen ◽  
Marjo Helander
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Shell Mass ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Parental Exposure

AbstractControversial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides across the globe. In an increasing number of studies, researchers have identified GBH residues in soil, water, crops, and food products exposing non-target organisms to health risks; these organisms include wildlife, livestock, and humans. However, GBH-related parental effects are poorly understood. In the case of birds, GBHs may be transferred directly from mother to developing offspring (i.e. direct effects) via eggs, or they may indirectly influence offspring performance by altered maternal condition or resource allocation to eggs, for example. We experimentally exposed a parental generation of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) to GBHs or respective controls, recorded egg quality and glyphosate residues in eggs, and studied embryonic development and oxidative biomarkers. Glyphosate accumulated in eggs (ca 0.76 kg/mg). Embryonic development tended to be lower in eggs of GBH-exposed parents compared to control parents. Embryonic brain tissue from GBH-exposed parents tended to express more lipid damage. Given that we detected no differences in egg quality (egg, yolk, or shell mass, or egg hormone concentration) across the treatment groups, our results suggest these are likely direct effects of GBHs on offspring rather than indirect effects via altered maternal allocation of resources or hormonal signals.CapsuleExperimental, long-term parental exposure to GBHs tends to hinder offspring embryonic development and increase embryonic oxidative damage to lipids in a bird model.

scholarly journals Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Cathaysa Pérez-García ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Ana Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Broodstock Diet

Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.

scholarly journals A resource to explore the discovery of rare diseases and their causative genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Ehrhart ◽  
Egon L. Willighagen ◽  
Martina Kutmon ◽  
Max van Hoften ◽  
Leopold M. G. Curfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
First Time

AbstractHere, we describe a dataset with information about monogenic, rare diseases with a known genetic background, supplemented with manually extracted provenance for the disease itself and the discovery of the underlying genetic cause. We assembled a collection of 4166 rare monogenic diseases and linked them to 3163 causative genes, annotated with OMIM and Ensembl identifiers and HGNC symbols. The PubMed identifiers of the scientific publications, which for the first time described the rare diseases, and the publications, which found the genes causing the diseases were added using information from OMIM, PubMed, Wikipedia, whonamedit.com, and Google Scholar. The data are available under CC0 license as spreadsheet and as RDF in a semantic model modified from DisGeNET, and was added to Wikidata. This dataset relies on publicly available data and publications with a PubMed identifier, but by our effort to make the data interoperable and linked, we can now analyse this data. Our analysis revealed the timeline of rare disease and causative gene discovery and links them to developments in methods.

A single-round selection of selective DNA aptamers for mammalian cells by polymer-enhanced capillary transient isotachophoresis

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (21) ◽  
pp. 4030-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hirose ◽  
Maho Tsuchida ◽  
Hinako Asakura ◽  
Koji Wakui ◽  
Keitaro Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Dna Aptamers ◽  
Aptamer Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

A single-round DNA aptamer selection for mammalian cells was successfully achieved for the first time using a capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based methodology.

scholarly journals Suplementasi Sari Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dalam Air Minum terhadap Produktivitas Telur Puyuh

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Lylya Wahyuni ◽  
M R Ramdani ◽  
N O Imama ◽  
V E Larasati ◽  
A R Fahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Haugh Unit

Supplementation of Averrhoa bilimbi L. juice which contains vitamin C and organic acid in drinking water has been proposed to reduce the effect of heat stress on the quail layer.  So this is expected to increase the productivity of quail and their egg quality. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of A. bilimbi juice supplementation in quail drinking water on quail performance,  physical quality of egg, and egg yolk antioxidant level. Two hundred and forty birds aged 4-5 weeks were maintained for 42 days. A Completely Randomized Design was used in this study with 4 treatments. Each treatment has 4 replications and 15 quails in each replications. Addition of Vita Chick (P0) to the drinking water was used as a positive control. The treatments given were the addition of A. bilimbi extract with different levels of 0% (P1), 2.5% (P2), and  5% (P3) respectively. The variables observed were quail performance, physical egg quality, and egg yolk antioxidant levels. The results showed that the  physical quality of quail eggs obtained were the weight of albumen and egg shells did not different all treatments. The  addition of A. bilimbi juice in drinking water  has affected on the weight and percentage of albumen, eggshell, and Haugh Unit. The addition of 2.5% of A.bilimbi juice (P2)  had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). However it showed the highest Haugh Unit number of the egg. There was no different effect of the highest dose of A. bilimbi juice (5%, P3) on the egg yolk antioxidant  activity and capacity (41.54%  and 23.91 ppm respectively).  It was concluded that supplementation of A. bilimbi juice in drinker water  could  changed to antistress drug commercial.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSORS OF snf  2 MUTATIONS RESTORE INVERTASE DEREPRESSION AND CAUSE TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE LETHALITY IN YEAST

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-753
Author(s):  
Lenore Neigeborn ◽  
Kenneth Rubin ◽  
Marian Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Suppressor Mutations ◽  
Invertase Gene ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Galactose Utilization ◽  
Yeast Genes ◽  
Recessive Defect

ABSTRACT Mutations in the SNF2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevent derepression of the SUC2 (invertase) gene, and other glucose-repressible genes, in response to glucose deprivation. We have isolated 25 partial phenotypic revertants of a snf2 mutant that are able to derepress secreted invertase. These revertants all carried suppressor mutations at a single locus, designated SSN20 (suppressor of snf2). Alleles with dominant, partially dominant and recessive suppressor phenotypes were recovered, but all were only partial suppressors of snf2, reversing the defect in invertase synthesis but not other defects. All alleles also caused recessive, temperature-sensitive lethality and a recessive defect in galactose utilization, regardless of the SNF2 genotype. No significant effect on SUC2 expression was detected in a wild-type (SNF2) genetic background. The ssn20 mutations also suppressed the defects in invertase derepression caused by snf5 and snf6 mutations, and selection for invertase-producing revertants of snf5 mutants yielded only additional ssn20 alleles. These findings suggest that the roles of the SNF2, SNF5 and SNF6 genes in regulation of SUC2 are functionally related and that SSN20 plays a role in expression of a variety of yeast genes.

scholarly journals Laying Performance, Physical, and Internal Egg Quality Criteria of Hens Fed Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Exogenous Enzyme Mixture

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽  
Khalid M. Mahrose ◽  
Faten A. M. Attia ◽  
Ayman A. Swelum ◽  
Ayman E. Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Enzyme Mixture ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail

: The effects of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles in laying hen diets with and without exogenous enzyme mixture (EEM) on performance and egg characteristics were evaluated. One of the main objectives of this study was to examine the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and enzyme cocktail on egg yolk fatty acids. The study used total of 144 Hisex Brown laying hens in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, including four levels of DDGS (0, 6, 12, and 18% of diet) and two levels of enzyme cocktail (0 or 250 mg EEM/kg of diet) through 32–42 weeks of the age. The inclusion of 18% DDGS was associated with the worst (p ≤ 0.001) egg production and the lowest daily feed intake. Numerically, hens fed 6% DDGS diet consumed more feed and had the greatest egg production. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the control, while the worst was recorded in the 18% DDGS group. Compared with EEM-free diets, EEM supplementation improved FCR by about 2.79%, but the difference was not significant. Shell thickness and shell percentage were significantly increased in hens fed 6% DDGS diet compared to other groups. Egg weights in the 6% and 12% DDGS groups were significantly higher than those in the control and 18% DDGS groups. Non-significant increases in shell and albumin percentages were recorded in groups fed EEM-supplemented diets. The interaction effect of DDGS and EEM was significant (p ≤ 0.01) for the majority of egg characteristics. As dietary DDGS level increased, yolk color density increased. Elevating DDGS level up to 18% increased yolk cholesterol, total fat, and total unsaturated fatty acids. The effects of EEM supplementation on egg yolk fatty acid composition and the interaction effects between DDGS and EEM were not significant. Considering these results, it could be concluded that DDGS is an acceptable feed ingredient in layer diets and that the maximum inclusion level of DDGS should not exceed 12% of the whole diet.

CORRELATED RESPONSES IN EGG QUALITY TRAITS TO SELECTION FOR EARLY BODY WEIGHT IN MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
E. S. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Shell Color ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Meat Type

The correlated responses in egg quality traits to selection for high early body weight were studied in seven meat-type populations comprising five selected and two control lines. Traits studied were specific gravity, egg weight, albumen height, Haugh units, shell color, egg shape, shell roughness, wrinkling and asymmetry, and incidence of blood spots, meat spots and double yolks. Significant (P < 0.05 or < 0.01) correlated changes, as determined by the regression of correlated response (egg quality traits) on primary response (body weight), were obtained for egg weight, albumen height, Haugh units, asymmetry of shell and blood spots. All but blood spots increased with selection for high body weight. Shell color showed a consistent trend towards a darker color with increasing body weight. Scores for roughness of shell and, with one minor exception, the incidence of double yolks, also showed consistent trends (positive) with increasing body weight. Estimates of genetic correlations, derived directly from intra-line genetic analyses of the six pedigreed populations in the experiment, were in most cases in reasonable agreement with realized estimates.

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