Temporal Variation in Male Copulatory Behaviour in the Solitary Bee Nomadopsis Puellae (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Rutowski ◽  
John Alcock
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sperm Precedence ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

Abstract1. Females of the solitary bee, Nomadopsis puellae, foraging for pollen at flowers will copulate with any male that can reach them but the duration of copulation is not constant over the daily foraging-mating period (which lasts from about 0900-1300). Early on, copulations are brief (usually less than 1 min). As the morning progresses, males tend not to release their mates spontaneously but remain in copula for as long as it takes a female to collect a full pollen load and return to her nest. In addition, late in the mating period males that have not secured a single female may begin to assault pairs in attempts to usurp a female from a copulating male. 2. We propose that males control the duration of mating in ways that reflect a change in the genetic gains associated with brief versus prolonged copulations over the course of the morning. We assume that sperm precedence occurs in this species and that females are more likely to oviposit at the end of the foraging period than at the beginning. If these assumptions are correct, guarding a mate through prolonged copulation could become increasingly advantageous as the mating period draws to a close each day. Given a high degree of competition for mates, a male that secured a female on her last trip of the morning could greatly improve the chance that his mate would use his sperm for fertilization if he prevented other males from reaching her until she was safely back inside her nest burrow. 3. An alternative hypothesis that the variation in copulation length is due to changes in the readiness of females to receive sperm from a male over the mating period is considered. Limited data suggest that females do not signal degrees of sperm receptivity to males. Males probably determine how long they will copulate, switching from the tactic of securing many short (unguarded) copulations to a few lengthy (guarded) matings in the course of a morning.

scholarly journals Employing entropy measures to identify visitors in multi-occupancy environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadel Howedi ◽  
Ahmad Lotfi ◽  
Amir Pourabdollah
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Motion Detectors ◽  
To Receive

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) is used to support older adults to live independently in their own homes. Once activities of daily living (ADL) are recognised, gathered information will be used to identify abnormalities in comparison with the routine activities. Ambient sensors, including occupancy sensors and door entry sensors, are often used to monitor and identify different activities. Most of the current research in HAR focuses on a single-occupant environment when only one person is monitored, and their activities are categorised. The assumption that home environments are occupied by one person all the time is often not true. It is common for a resident to receive visits from family members or health care workers, representing a multi-occupancy environment. Entropy analysis is an established method for irregularity detection in many applications; however, it has been rarely applied in the context of ADL and HAR. In this paper, a novel method based on different entropy measures, including Shannon Entropy, Permutation Entropy, and Multiscale-Permutation Entropy, is employed to investigate the effectiveness of these entropy measures in identifying visitors in a home environment. This research aims to investigate whether entropy measures can be utilised to identify a visitor in a home environment, solely based on the information collected from motion detectors [e.g., passive infra-red] and door entry sensors. The entropy measures are tested and evaluated based on a dataset gathered from a real home environment. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of entropy measures to identify visitors and the time of their visits without the need for employing extra wearable sensors to tag the visitors. The results obtained from the experiments show that the proposed entropy measures could be used to detect and identify a visitor in a home environment with a high degree of accuracy.

Copulatory behaviour of Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) in the wild

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2953-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

In this paper I give the first authenticated account of copulation occurring above ground in Richardson's ground squirrels. Copulation occurs in a dorso-ventral position with both animals lying on their sides, and is characterized by a high degree of agonism between the pair.

scholarly journals Reaching Consensus on Organ Donation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Jay Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
High Degree ◽  
To Receive

On July 20, 2016, IIIT held a forum entitled “Reaching Consensus on OrganDonation,” in collaboration with the Washington Regional Transplant Community(WRTC; http://www.beadonor.org), to hear presentations by medicalprofessionals, community leaders, religious scholars, and social scientists. Eachof the four panels was followed by a robust Question and Answer session.Panel 1: Conceptual Framework. Lori Bingham (president and CEO,WRTC) outlined the organ donation process in terms of which organizationsand partners are involved, how medical suitability is determined, consultingwith the surviving members, and deciding who receives the available organ.After listing the agencies and the high degree of regulation involved, shethanked Imam Johari Abdul-Malik (outreach director, Dar al-Hijrah IslamicCenter) for his help in reaching out to area Muslims, some of whom declineto donate their organs on religious grounds.Muzammil Siddiqi (chairman, Fiqh Council of North America) said thatsuch decisions require ijtihād, for there are no relevant Qur’anic verses or hadiths.Although widely accepted by jurists, questions remain, such as whichorgans can be donated, should this be encouraged before or after death, can afamily donate an organ if the deceased died without a will, does donating “deform”the body, how is death determined, is the patient obliged to receive it,can he/she buy it or should it be made available for free, and so on.In his “Organization of Islamic Legal Ethics.”Abdulzziz Sachedina (professorand IIIT Chair in Islamic Studies, George Mason University) stated thatthe main issue is procuring organs, a topic surrounded by “cultural impedimentsand religious misunderstandings.” People are asking to whom does thebody belong (the person or God), can one donate that which will not growback, and if the donated organ will be returned on the Day of Judgment. Asthis is a modern issue, imams and scholars need to identiy ethical grounds in ...

scholarly journals 2417. Feasibility and Safety of Using a Probiotic Comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R and L. rhamnosus CLR2 for C. difficile Infection Prevention Among Antibiotic Users: 15-Years of Prospective Results from a Single-Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S834-S835
Author(s):  
Pierre-Jean Maziade ◽  
Daniel Lussier ◽  
Francoise Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Hospitals use multiple concurrent prevention strategies to curb nosocomial C. difficile infection, but there are limited data on the long-term feasibility or safety of using a probiotic. Pierre-Le Gardeur Hospital, Québec, has been administering a probiotic comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R and L. rhamnosus CLR2 since 2004 with documented results through March 31, 2014. Here we present an update for the past 5 years. Methods Several nosocomial infection prevention practices were running concurrently at the hospital. Adult inpatients treated with antibiotics from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2019 were eligible to receive the probiotic. The hospital pharmacy ensured that each patient took the probiotic capsules (Bio-K+® 50 Billion) daily from the initiation of antibiotic use. Confirmed nosocomial cases of C. difficile infection were recorded and reported to the provincial public health agency. The rate of nosocomial CDI for this hospital was compared with other non-University affiliated hospitals in the health region with more than 110 beds and fewer than 45% of patients age 65 and older, and, to all other hospitals in the health system. Results Cumulatively over the past 15 years, more than sixty thousand antibiotic-treated adult inpatients took the probiotic daily during antibiotic use. Among 13 comparable hospitals, Pierre-Le Gardeur Hospital had the lowest rate of nosocomial CDI in 2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2016–2017, 2017–2018 and on average had the lowest rate for 2013–2018 (1.1 CDI cases per 10,000 patient-days). Compared with all hospitals in the Province of Quebec health system, N = 95, the hospital had the lowest nosocomial CDI rate on average for 2013–2018. No cases of Lactobacillus bacteremia were detected. Conclusion The overall infection prevention strategy has been highly effective, resulting in a consistently low rate of nosocomial CDI. We found that it is feasible to administer this probiotic to antibiotic-treated inpatients with few restrictions. No Lactobacillus infections were observed from any of the three strains of bacteria for this probiotic when given to more than sixty thousand adult inpatients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals 1529. Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome: Identifying Risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S557-S557
Author(s):  
Rachel Downey Quick ◽  
Ila Sehgal ◽  
Alexandra Feldman ◽  
Donald Murphey ◽  
Mariosl Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Diagnosis Code ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Capillary Refill ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is a severe and less common complication of Kawasaki disease (KD). KDSS may progress rapidly and mimic other types of shock. Limited data are available in the literature describing recognition, evaluation, and treatment of KDSS. This report compares children with KDSS with those with KD without shock syndrome in 149 consecutive patients over 4.5 years in Central Texas. Methods Inpatient medical records of children with ICD diagnosis code for KD who were hospitalized between January 2014 and July 2018 at one children’s hospital in Texas were identified and charts were manually reviewed for inclusion. Cases were categorized as having KDSS if they had a diagnosis of KD with sustained systolic hypotension for age or signs or symptoms of shock with poor perfusion including tachycardia with delayed capillary refill, change in mental status, or weak peripheral pulses. Information about each case was collected from the chart including demographics, presentation, medical treatments, laboratory data, and initial echocardiograms. Results KD was identified in 149 patients; 22 were categorized as KDSS (14.8%). Among cases of KDSS, sustained systolic hypotension for age was observed in 19 patients; 3 patients had other signs of hemodynamic instability. Select details for each cohort are in Figure 1. Patients with KDSS were overall older on admission (6.2 vs. 2.3 years; P <0.001), and more likely to have anemia, neutrophilia, bandemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, or hyponatremia. On acute echocardiogram, 5 of the 22 patients had coronary artery changes including ectasia, and dilation, and highest Z-score between 2.2–4.24. Patients with KDSS were more likely to receive steroids or adjunctive medications and had a longer length of stay (6 vs. 3.7 days; P < 0.001). Conclusion The current literature has relatively few cases of KDSS and suggests risk of misdiagnosis of KDSS initially as other types of shock. We demonstrate a higher incidence of KDSS; 14.8% compared with between 1.5 and 7% at KD diagnosis reported in the literature. The cause of this is unclear but may indicate regional or genetic differences in disease course. Patients with KD should be monitored for KDSS to avoid unexpected decompensation or delay in treatment. Lab abnormalities may indicate risk for KDSS. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Study evaluating metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment using 177Lu-PNT2002 PSMA therapy after second-line hormonal treatment (SPLASH).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS5087-TPS5087
Author(s):  
Kim N. Chi ◽  
Ur Metser ◽  
Johannes Czernin ◽  
Jeremie Calais ◽  
Vikas Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
To Receive

TPS5087 Background: Treatment options with minimal toxicity and novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes from mCRPC. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) represents a new treatment for patients with PSMA-avid mCRPC. 177Lu-PNT2002 (also known as [Lu-177]-PSMA-I&T) is a PSMA-targeting agent and studies have shown demonstrable promising initial data. This trial seeks to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of 177Lu-PNT2002 for men with progressive mCRPC after androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) therapy. Methods: This is a multi-center, open-label, phase III study. All patients must be at least 18 years of age, have documented progressive mCRPC at time of screening, high PSMA expression by PSMA PET/CT per blinded independent central review (BICR), chemotherapy naïve for CRPC and unfit or unwilling to receive chemotherapy. The study will commence with a 25-patient dosimetry lead-in. In the dosimetry phase, patients will receive up to four cycles of 177Lu-PNT2002 at 6.8 GBq every 8 weeks. In the randomization phase, approximately 390 patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive 177Lu-PNT2002 (Arm A) versus enzalutamide or abiraterone (with prednisone or dexamethasone) (Arm B). Patients randomized to Arm B have an option to crossover to 177Lu-PNT2002 treatment after BICR-assessed radiologic progression. The primary endpoint is Radiological progression-free survival (rPFS) assessed by BICR using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 (soft tissue) and Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) (bone) criteria. Key secondary endpoints include objective response rate, duration of response, PSA response, and overall survival. The study is powered at 90% to test the alternative hypothesis of a hazard ratio (HR) ≤ 0.66 at an α of 0.025. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04647526. Clinical trial information: NCT04647526.

scholarly journals Male–female interactions drive the (un)repeatability of copula duration in an insect

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Eady ◽  
Denise V. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
Copula Duration ◽  
Functional Explanations ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

Across the animal kingdom the duration of copulation varies enormously from a few seconds to several days. Functional explanations for this variation are largely embedded within sperm competition theory in which males modulate the duration of copula in order to optimize their fitness. However, copulation is the union of two protagonists which are likely to have separate and often conflicting reproductive interests, yet few experimental designs specifically assess the effect of male–female interactions on the duration of copulation. This can result in inexact assertions over which sex controls copulatory behaviour. Here we analyse the repeatability of copulatory behaviour in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus to determine which sex exerts primary influence over copulation duration. In C. maculatus , copulation follows two distinct phases: an initial quiescent phase followed by a period of vigorous female kicking behaviour that culminates in the termination of copulation. When males or females copulated with several novel mates, copulatory behaviour was not significantly repeatable. By contrast, when males or females mated repeatedly with the same mate, copula duration was repeatable. These data suggest copulatory behaviour in C. maculatus to be largely the product of male–female interactions rather than the consistent, sex-specific modulation of copula duration of one protagonist in response to the phenotypic variation presented by the other protagonist.

scholarly journals Comparative study of actinic keratosis treatment with 3% diclofenac sodium and 5% 5-fluorouracil

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majorie Mergen Segatto ◽  
Sergio Ivan Torres Dornelles ◽  
Vera Bauer Silveira ◽  
Gabriela de Oliveira Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Degree ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND: Actinic keratosis is a frequent lesion which occurs in sunlight exposed areas. Diclofenac sodium and 5-Fluorouracil are effective, non-invasive and easy-to-apply topical treatment options. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the effectiveness of 3% diclofenac sodium associated with 2.5% hyaluronic acid and of 5% 5-Fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratosis, as well as the patient's degree of satisfaction and tolerability. METHODS: 28 patients with a clinical diagnosis of actinic keratosis were randomized to receive diclofenac sodium or 5-Fluorouracil and were clinically assessed before and after treatment as well as 8 weeks after the end of treatment. Modified versions of the Investigator and Patient Global Improvement Scores were used. RESULTS: The average number of lesions in the diclofenac sodium group before and after treatment was 13.6 and 6.6 (p<0,001), respectively, while it was 17.4 and 3.15 (p<0.001) in the 5-Fluorouracil group. There was a significant reduction in the number of lesions in the 5-Fluorouracil group in relation to the diclofenac sodium group (p<0.001). To the non-blinded physician, there was a higher satisfactory therapeutic response in the 5-Fluorouracil group (p<0.001); to the blinded physician, there was a higher satisfactory response in this same group, although not statistically significant (p=0.09). There was a high degree of satisfaction in both groups (73% in the diclofenac sodium group and 77% in the 5-Fluorouracil group; p=0.827). Regarding adverse effects, the diclofenac sodium group presented a higher degree of satisfaction (93.3% vs 38.4%; p=0.008). Erythema, edema, crusts and itching were significantly higher in the 5-Fluorouracil group. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 5-Fluorouracil was more effective; however, it showed lower tolerability than diclofenac sodium.

Dosage of Haloperidol for Mania

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Rifkin ◽  
Seshagiri Doddi ◽  
Basawaraj Karajgi ◽  
Michael Borenstein ◽  
Ralph Munne
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Different Doses

BackgroundWe compared three doses of a neuroleptic as a treatment for mania.MethodForty-seven newly admitted in-patients with mania were randomised to receive 10, 30, or 80 mg a day of oral haloperidol, under double-blind conditions for up to six weeks. All subjects received prophylactic benztropine.ResultsRepeated-measures analysis of variance and survival analysis showed no difference in outcome by the different doses. Excluding drop-outs (38%), most of whom left the study during the first two weeks, 72% of the subjects responded. Side-effects were minimal; there were no differences among the three doses. Non-responders received more adjunctive lorazepam than responders.ConclusionsThe limited data suggest that more than 10 mg a day of haloperidol offers no advantage in mania.

scholarly journals Development of a Portable IP-Based Remote Controlled System for Mobile Robot

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Daramola O. A. ◽  
Obe O. O. ◽  
Oriolowo A.
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Working Together ◽  
High Degree ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Robot Platform

The use of Mobile Robots to interact with objects in remote locations has proved to be useful in areas not easily accessible or too dangerous for humans. Various means have been used to remotely operate or control Mobile Robots. These range from wired connection to Wireless connection like radio frequency signal and more recently internet controlled Mobile Robot using the TCP/IP protocol stack. However, the problem of remote control dependence on the Mobile Robot Platform or configuration has made it difficult to switch controllers between Mobile Robots. In this work, a portable IP based remote control system has been designed and implemented to remove the constraint imposed by the Mobile Robot's platform in choosing the control interface. The system developed was built on three loosely coupled components working together to ensure a high degree of Control interface portability. The Mobile Robot Gateway component was used to receive and send data from the Mobile Robot.

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