Oxidative stress induced by acute and sub-chronic cadmium exposure in the ovaries of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense (Dai, 1975)

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Xu ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
Y. Xi ◽  
X. Mao ◽  
L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Sinopotamon Henanense ◽  
Dose Dependent

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, and is known to have multiple toxic effects on many tissues and organs, including the ovaries. However, the mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity on animal ovaries remain unknown. Here we examined the acute and sub-chronic effects of Cd on the ovaries of the freshwater crab,Sinopotamon henanense(Dai, 1975). Acute effects were studied by treating crabs for 3, 5 and 7 days with two Cd concentrations (7.25 or 14.5 mg/l) and sub-chronic Cd treatment was achieved by treating crabs for 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively, with 0.725 or 1.45 mg/l of Cd. Results showed that Cd levels were significantly increased, in both dose- and time-dependent manners in the sub-chronic groups and in a dose-dependent manner in the acute groups. In the sub-chronic groups, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and GPx, initially decreased at day 7 or 14, and increased after 14 and/or 28 days, which was accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and metallothionein (MT) levels. In the acute groups, there were no statistically significant changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes nor in the levels of MDA and MT. To conclude, our results suggest that Cd may do more oxidative damage to cells of crab ovaries at sub-chronic exposure than at acute exposure, which is due to Cd-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Dose versus High-Doseγ-Tocotrienol on the Bone Cells Exposed to the Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar Abd Manan ◽  
Norazlina Mohamed ◽  
Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Oxidative stress and apoptosis can disrupt the bone formation activity of osteoblasts which can lead to osteoporosis. This study was conducted to investigate the effects ofγ-tocotrienol on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities, and apoptosis of osteoblast exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Osteoblasts were treated with 1, 10, and 100 μM ofγ-tocotrienol for 24 hours before being exposed to 490 μM (IC50) H2O2for 2 hours. Results showed thatγ-tocotrienol prevented the malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation induced by H2O2in a dose-dependent manner. As for the antioxidant enzymes assays, all doses ofγ-tocotrienol were able to prevent the reduction in SOD and CAT activities, but only the dose of 1 μM of GTT was able to prevent the reduction in GPx. As for the apoptosis assays,γ-tocotrienol was able to reduce apoptosis at the dose of 1 and 10 μM. However, the dose of 100 μM ofγ-tocotrienol induced an even higher apoptosis than H2O2. In conclusion, low doses ofγ-tocotrienol offered protection for osteoblasts against H2O2toxicity, but itself caused toxicity at the high doses.

scholarly journals Cardiac Remodeling Induced by All-Trans Retinoic Acid is Detrimental in Normal Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata A. C. Silva ◽  
Andréa F. Gonçalves ◽  
Priscila P. dos Santos ◽  
Bruna Rafacho ◽  
Renan F. T. Claro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background/Aims: This study aimed to discern whether the cardiac alterations caused by retinoic acid (RA) in normal adult rats are physiologic or pathologic. Methods and Results: Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: control animals (C, n = 20) received a standard rat chow; animals fed a diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg/day all-trans-RA (AR1, n = 20); animals fed a diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg/day all-trans-RA (AR2, n = 20); and animals fed a diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg/day all-trans-RA (AR3, n = 20). After 2 months, the animals were submitted to echocardiogram, isolated heart study, histology, energy metabolism status, oxidative stress condition, and the signaling pathway involved in the cardiac remodeling induced by RA. RA increased myocyte cross-sectional area in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment did not change the morphological and functional variables, assessed by echocardiogram and isolated heart study. In contrast, RA changed catalases, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidases and was associated with increased values of lipid hydroperoxide, suggesting oxidative stress. RA also reduced citrate synthase, enzymatic mitochondrial complex II, ATP synthase, and enzymes of fatty acid metabolism and was associated with increased enzymes involved in glucose use. In addition, RA increased JNK 1/2 expression, without changes in TGF-β, PI3K, AKT, NFκB, S6K, and ERK. Conclusion: In normal rats, RA induces cardiac hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner. The non-participation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, associated with the participation of the JNK pathway, oxidative stress, and changes in energy metabolism, suggests that cardiac remodeling induced by RA supplementation is deleterious.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and Histopathological Effects of Chlorpyrifos on African Catfish, C. gariepinus and Ameliorative Potentials of Ackee Apple, blighia sapida Seed

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyinka Iyiolai ◽  
A. A. Adeagbo ◽  
W. S. Weliange ◽  
S. I. Abdulkareem ◽  
Anifowoshe T. Abass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Positive Controls

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a very toxic pesticide commonly used for controlling agriculturally important pests. The present study investigates DNA damaging effects of CPF on Clarias gariepinus was assessed using genetic assays. Fish were exposed to varying concentrations of CPF (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm) at 96 hours (acute exposure). LC50 of the pesticide was found to be 120ppm and one-tenth of the LC50 (12ppm) was taken for the chronic exposure. Distilled water and colchicine were used as negative and positive controls respectively. After 28 days of chronic exposure, fish were fed with inclusion of B. sapida seed (powder) for 14 days. Liver and gills of the fish were removed following 96h exposure, days 7, 14 and 28 of the chronic exposure as well as after the period of amelioration (14 days) for CA assay and histopathological analysis. The results of CA assay showed statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) increase in CA in a dose-dependent manner for all the exposed groups after acute exposure and time dependent after chronic exposure. Also, this study showed that CPF can potentially induce genotoxic and histopathological changes in fish and other aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Preclinical Study on the Ameliorating Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid for the Oxidative Stress of Caused by Chronic Administration of Organic Nitrates in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Hamdan ◽  
Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
Aalaa Aboelnour ◽  
Sherif M.H. Elkhannishi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract PurposeThe therapeutic activity of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is mainly regulated by liberating nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). During this biotransformation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation inside the red blood cells (RBCs) occur. The principal objective of our research is to explain the ameliorating effect of L-ascorbic acid for the deleterious effects of chronic administration of nitrovasodilator drugs. MethodsWe studied some biochemical parameters for the oxidative stress using groups of high sucrose/fat (HSF) diet Wistar male rats chronically orally administered ISMN. Afterwards, we evaluated the role of L-ascorbic acid against these biochemical changes. ResultsChronic treatment with organic nitrates caused elevated serum levels of lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin derivatives as methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, rate of hemoglobin autoxidation, the cellular levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines marker (NF-κB) and apoptosis markers (caspase-3) in myocardium muscles in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, such exposure caused decline in the enzymatic effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity (CAT) accompanied with a decrease of in the level of mitochondrial oxidative stress marker (nrf2) in myocardium muscles and decrease in the serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in a dose dependent manner. Concomitant treatment with L-ascorbic acid significantly diminished these changes for all examined parameters.ConclusionChronic administration of organic nitrates leads to the alteration of the level of oxidative stress factors in the myocardium tissue due to generation of reactive oxygen species. Using vitamin C can effectively ameliorate such intoxication to overcome the nitrate tolerance.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in the gills of the bivalve Mactra stultorum exposed to acrylamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Trabelsi ◽  
Chaima Fouzai ◽  
Imene Chetoui ◽  
Safa Bejaoui ◽  
Khaoula Telahigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dose Dependent

Acrylamide (ACR) is among the most deleterious pollutants in the environment and presents a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess its effects when administered at different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg L–1) to evaluate antioxidant status in the gills of Mactra stultorum. Our results showed, after five days of treat­ment, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (Vit C) and metallothionein (MDA) levels in gills of treated clams compared with controls. Moreover, an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were also observed. Acrylamide induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our results indicated that oxidative stress may be considered one of the mechanisms behind acrylamide toxicity in bivalves, although the subject requires more research.

scholarly journals Salvianolic Acid A Protects the Kidney against Oxidative Stress by Activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-feng Zhang ◽  
Jia-hong Wang ◽  
Yan-li Wang ◽  
Cheng Gao ◽  
Yan-ting Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a bioactive polyphenol extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae Bunge, which possesses a variety of pharmacological activities. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that SAA effectively attenuates kidney injury and inflammation in an established animal model of 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rats. However, there has been limited research regarding the antioxidative effects of SAA on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we examined the antioxidative effects and underlying mechanisms of SAA in 5/6Nx rats. The rats were injected with SAA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 28 days. Biochemical, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses showed that SAA significantly increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) in a dose-dependent manner in 5/6Nx rats and in H2O2-induced HK-2 cells in vitro. Moreover, SAA enhanced the activation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2) signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner and subsequently increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the kidney of 5/6Nx rats, which were consistent with those obtained in H2O2-induced HK-2 cells in vitro shown by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, SAA significantly increased the expression of intranuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins compared to HK-2 cells stimulated by LPS on the one hand, which can be enhanced by QNZ to some extent; on the other hand, SAA significantly lowered the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 proteins compared to HK-2 cells stimulated by H2O2, which can be abrogated by ML385 to some extent. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SAA effectively protects the kidney against oxidative stress in 5/6Nx rats. One of the pivotal mechanisms for the protective effects of SAA on kidney injury was mainly related with its antioxidative roles by activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Antioxidant activity of different extracts of Argentinian medicinal plants against arsenic-induced toxicity in renal cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Soria ◽  
ME Goleniowski ◽  
JJ Cantero ◽  
GA Bongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Dose Dependent

Chronic toxicity of arsenic resulting from drinking water is a health problem encountered in humans, especially in South America and Asia, where a correlation between oxidative stress, tumor promotion, and arsenic exposure has been observed. Differential solvent extraction (petroleum ether (PE); dichloromethane (DCM); methanol (OL) and water (W)) was performed to compare the protective (antioxidant) activity of five Argentinian medicinal plants on arsenite-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells, assayed by hydroperoxide measurement. The results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD Fisher test. The data showed that arsenite was a pro-oxidant agent which acts in a time–dose-dependent manner. Extracts from Eupatorium buniifolium (PE), Lantana grisebachii (PE, W), Mandevilla pentlandiana (PE, W), and Sebastiania commersoniana (DCM, OL, W) prevented the formation of both aqueous and lipid hydroperoxides, but Heterothalamus alienus only impeded lipid ones. Therefore, antioxidant extracts are potentially beneficial and may have a protective activity against arsenite-induced renal injury. Among these, the aqueous extract of L. grisebachii may represent the most suitable preparation for humans since the traditional usage of this plant in popular medicine is through consumption of tea.

scholarly journals Exposure to ambient particulate matter induces oxidative stress in lung and aorta in a size- and time-dependent manner in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239784731879485 ◽  
Author(s):  
OG Aztatzi-Aguilar ◽  
A Valdés-Arzate ◽  
Y Debray-García ◽  
ES Calderón-Aranda ◽  
M Uribe-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Adduct Formation ◽  
Dna Adduct ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subchronic Exposure

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been implicated in oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation as underlying mechanisms of lung damage and cardiovascular alterations. PM is a chemical mixture that can be subdivided according to their aerodynamic size into coarse (CP), fine (FP), and ultrafine (UFP) particulates. We investigated, in a rat model, the induction of OxS (protein oxidation and antioxidant response), carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, and inflammatory mediators in lung in response to different airborne particulate fractions, CP, FP, and UFP, after an acute and subchronic exposure. In addition, OxS was evaluated in the aorta to assess the effects beyond the lungs. Exposure to CP, FP, and UFP induced time- and size-dependent lung protein oxidation and DNA adduct formation. After acute and subchronic exposure, nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) activation was observed in the lung, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the induction of mRNA antioxidant enzymes in the FP and UFP groups, but not in the CP. Cytokine concentration of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after acute exposure to FP and UFP. Activation of Nrf2 and expression of mRNA antioxidant enzymes were observed only after the subchronic exposure to FP and UFP in the aorta. Our results indicate that FP and UFP were mainly accountable for the oxidant toxic effects in the lung; OxS is spread from the lung to the cardiovascular system. We conclude that the biological mechanisms associated with transient OxS and inflammation are particle size and time-dependent exposure resulting in acute lung injury, which later reaches the vascular system.

scholarly journals Damaging Effects of Bisphenol A on the Kidney and the Protection by Melatonin: Emerging Evidences from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anongporn Kobroob ◽  
Wachirasek Peerapanyasut ◽  
Nipon Chattipakorn ◽  
Orawan Wongmekiat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Membrane Potential Change ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study investigates the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) contamination on the kidney and the possible protection by melatonin in experimental rats and isolated mitochondrial models. Rats exposed to BPA (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 weeks demonstrated renal damages as evident by increased serum urea and creatinine and decreased creatinine clearance, together with the presence of proteinuria and glomerular injuries in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also evident as indicated by increased reactive oxygen species production, decreased membrane potential change, and mitochondrial swelling. Coadministration of melatonin resulted in the reversal of all the changes caused by BPA. Studies using isolated mitochondria showed that BPA incubation produced dose-dependent impairment in mitochondrial function. Preincubation with melatonin was able to sustain mitochondrial function and architecture and decreases oxidative stress upon exposure to BPA. The findings indicated that BPA is capable of acting directly on the kidney mitochondria, causing mitochondrial oxidative stress, dysfunction, and subsequently, leading to whole organ damage. Emerging evidence further suggests the protective benefits of melatonin against BPA nephrotoxicity, which may be mediated, in part, by its ability to diminish oxidative stress and maintain redox equilibrium within the mitochondria.

Biochemical changes and oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in the liver of pregnant rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zhou ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
S Yin ◽  
Z Jia ◽  
A Shan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of the present research was to examine the toxic influence of different doses of zearalenone (ZEN) on the liver, especially oxidative stress induced by ZEN on the liver. A total of 48 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 treatments groups with 12 animals in each. The rats were fed with a normal diet treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (treatment 1), 100 mg/kg (treatment 2), or 150 mg/kg (treatment 3) ZEN in feed on gestation days (GDs) 0–7 and then all the rats were fed with a normal diet on GDs 8–20. The experimental period lasted 21 days. The results showed that exposure to ZEN induced increase in aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and decrease in total protein and albumin content in a dose-dependent manner and also induce decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increase in malondialdehyde content in a dose-dependent manner in the serum and the liver. The increased transcription of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was detected in the liver after exposure to ZEN. These results suggested that ZEN not only caused damage in the liver of pregnant rats in a dose-dependent manner but also induced the messenger RNA expression of CYP2E1 in the liver.

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